The local physiology of bone repair with particular reference to the process of new bone formation by induction

1953 ◽  
Vol 85 (3) ◽  
pp. 444-449 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marshall R. Urist ◽  
Franklin C. McLean
Keyword(s):  
Bone Formation ◽  
Bone Repair ◽  
New Bone Formation

scholarly journals Osseous Healing in Surgically Prepared Bone Defects Using Different Grafting Materials: An Experimental Study in Pigs

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Savvas Titsinides ◽  
Theodore Karatzas ◽  
Despoina Perrea ◽  
Efstathios Eleftheriadis ◽  
Leonidas Podaropoulos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Formation ◽  
Bone Repair ◽  
Healing Process ◽  
Bone Substitutes ◽  
Bone Defects ◽  
New Bone Formation ◽  
Post Surgery ◽  
Beta Tricalcium Phosphate ◽  
Close Proximity ◽  
Tissue Specimens

Regeneration of large jaw bone defects still remains a clinical challenge. To avoid incomplete bone repair, bone grafts have been advocated to support the healing process. This study comparatively evaluated new bone formation among a synthetic graft substitute, a human bone derivative, and a bovine xenograft. Materials were placed in 3 out of the 4 bone cavities, while 1 deficit was left empty, serving as a control, in mono-cortical defects, surgically prepared in the porcine calvaria bone. Animals were randomized in 2 groups and euthanized at 8 and 12 weeks. Harvested tissue specimens were qualitatively evaluated by histology. New bone formation was quantitatively measured by histomorphometry. Maximum new bone formation was noticed in defects grafted with beta-tricalcium phosphate b-TCP compared to the other bone substitutes, at 8 and 12 weeks post-surgery. Bovine and human allograft induced less new bone formation compared to empty bone cavity. Histologic analysis revealed that b-TCP was absorbed and substituted significantly, while bovine and human allograft was maintained almost intact in close proximity with new bone. Based on our findings, higher new bone formation was detected in defects filled with b-TCP when compared to bovine and human graft substitutes.

Bone Marrow Autograft Associated to Macroporous Biphasic Calcium Phosphate for Bone Substitution in an Animal Model of Sequels of Radiotherapy

2005 ◽  
Vol 284-286 ◽  
pp. 285-288
Author(s):  
Oliver Malard ◽  
Jean Michel Bouler ◽  
Jerome Guicheux ◽  
Olivier Gauthier ◽  
E. Lerouxel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Calcium Phosphate ◽  
Bone Formation ◽  
Biphasic Calcium Phosphate ◽  
Bone Repair ◽  
Major Surgery ◽  
Graft Versus Host Reaction ◽  
Bone Reconstruction ◽  
New Bone Formation ◽  
Study Results

Bone invasion is common in case of Squamous Cell Carcinomas (SCC) of the upper aero-digestive tract. Radiotherapy is required in addition to large surgical tumor removal. This treatment usually generates irreversible injuries on the reparation properties of the tissues, especially on bone. The quality of life of patients undergoing major surgery and radiotherapy in maxillary and mandible areas is reduced, but could be improved by bone reconstruction. The aim of this study was to evaluate the bone reconstruction possibilities by Macroporous Biphasic Calcium-Phosphate (MBCPÔ). The MBCP substitute was evaluated as granules and associated to autologous bone marrow (BM) graft in irradiated areas, in an inbreeding rodent model. Radiation sequels were created on inferior members of half of the rats. 3 weeks later, 3-mm osseous defects were created on each animal. The inbreeding model allows BM to be grafted without graft-versus-host reaction. Defects were filled either with MBCP alone, BM alone or a mixture of MBCP and BM. Six weeks after implantation, animals were sacrificed: bone repair and ceramic degradation were evaluated by qualitative and quantitative study. Results showed that bioceramics were well osteointegrated. Filling the defects with BM alone showed a significant increased of newly-formed bone formation but only after irradiation, whereas filling defects with MBCP alone increased new-bone formation only without previous irradiation. Associating MBCP to BM provided the best new-bone formation rates after irradiation. Degradation of the ceramic was the most important in case of BM grafting. This study demonstrated that BM added to MBCP constitute an appropriate material to be considered in case of bone defect occurring in irradiated tissue, and could be foreseen for use after bone removal for oncologic obligations.

scholarly journals Lack of repair of rat skull critical size defect treated with bovine morphometric protein bound to microgranular bioabsorbable hydroxyapatite

2004 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 175-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriel Ramalho Ferreira ◽  
Tania Mary Cestari ◽  
José Mauro Granjeiro ◽  
Rumio Taga
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Body ◽  
Bone Formation ◽  
Bone Morphogenetic Proteins ◽  
Bone Repair ◽  
Critical Size ◽  
Bovine Bone ◽  
New Bone Formation ◽  
Body Type ◽  
Granulomatous Reaction ◽  
Post Surgery

The ability of a pool of bovine bone morphogenetic proteins bound to synthetic microgranular hydroxyapatite (BMPb-HA) to stimulate bone repair was determined in rat critical size defects. An 8-mm diameter defect was created in the calvaria of 25 rats. In 15 rats, the defects were filled with BMPb-HA homogenized with blood (experimental group), and in 10 rats the defects were filled only with blood clots (control). The calvariae of experimental rats were collected 1, 3 and 6 months after surgery and of the control rats at the end of surgery and 6 months thereafter. The morphometric results obtained in the radiographs showed an absence of new bone formation at 1 and 3 months post-surgery and, histologically, the defects were filled with fibrous connective tissue and numerous foci of a foreign body-type granulomatous reaction around hydroxyapatite agglomerates. At the end of 6 months, the number and size of the granulomatous foci decreased and the area of the defects was reduced by 22% compared to the 0-hour control due to the formation of new bone at their borders, although the mean area was similar to the 6-month control. We conclude that the use of BMPb-HA in the treatment of critical size bone defects of the rat skull leads to the formation of a foreign body-type granulomatous reaction that markedly inhibits new bone formation, suggesting that synthetic microgranular hydroxyapatite does not represent a good carrier for BMP-induced bone formation.

scholarly journals Periosteal Augmentation of Allograft Bone and its Effect on Implant Fixation - An Experimental Study on 12 Dogs§

2013 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeppe Barckman ◽  
Jorgen Baas ◽  
Mette Sørensen ◽  
Joan E Bechtold ◽  
Kjeld Soballe
Keyword(s):  
Bone Formation ◽  
Bone Graft ◽  
Bone Repair ◽  
Fibrous Tissue ◽  
Titanium Implants ◽  
Allograft Bone ◽  
New Bone Formation ◽  
Implant Fixation ◽  
Implant Surface ◽  
Cambium Layer

Purpose: Periosteum provides essential cellular and biological components necessary for fracture healing and bone repair. We hypothesized that augmenting allograft bone by adding fragmented autologous periosteum would improve fixation of grafted implants. Methods: In each of twelve dogs, we implanted two unloaded cylindrical (10 mm x 6 mm) titanium implants into the distal femur. The implants were surrounded by a 2.5-mm gap into which morselized allograft bone with or without addition of fragmented autologous periosteum was impacted. After four weeks, the animals were euthanized and the implants were evaluated by histomorphometric analysis and mechanical push-out test. Results: Although less new bone was found on the implant surface and increased volume of fibrous tissue was present in the gap around the implant, no difference was found between treatment groups regarding the mechanical parameters. Increased new bone formation was observed in the immediate vicinity of the periosteum fragments within the bone graft. Conclusion: The method for periosteal augmentation used in this study did not alter the mechanical fixation although osseointegration was impaired. The observed activity of new bone formation at the boundary of the periosteum fragments may indicate maintained bone stimulating properties of the transplanted cambium layer. Augmenting the bone graft by smaller fragments of periosteum, isolated cambium layer tissue or cultured periosteal cells could be studied in the future.

scholarly journals Growth and Morphogenetic Factors in Bone Induction: Role of Osteogenin and Related Bone Morphogenetic Proteins in Craniofacial and Periodontal Bone Repair

1992 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ugo Ripamonti ◽  
A. Hari Reddi
Keyword(s):  
Bone Formation ◽  
Bone Morphogenetic Proteins ◽  
Bone Repair ◽  
Bone Development ◽  
Demineralized Bone Matrix ◽  
Bone Matrix ◽  
Prototype Model ◽  
Bone Induction ◽  
New Bone Formation

Bone has considerable potential for repair as illustrated by the phenomenon of fracture healing. Repair and regeneration of bone recapitulate the sequential stages of development. It is well known that demineralized bone matrix has the potential to induce new bone formation locally at a heterotopic site of implantation. The sequential development of bone is reminiscent of endochondral bone differentiation during bone development. The collagenous matrix-induced bone formation is a prototype model for matrix-cell interactions in vivo. The developmental cascade includes migration of progenitor cells by chemotaxis, attachment of cells through fibronectin, proliferation of mesenchymal cells, and differentiation of bone. The bone inductive protein, osteogenin, was isolated by heparin affinity chromatography. Osteogenin initiates new bone formation and is promoted by other growth factors. Recently, the genes for osteogenin and related bone morphogenetic proteins were cloned and expressed. Recombinant osteogenin is osteogenic in vivo. The future prospects for bone induction are bright, and this is an exciting frontier with applications in oral and orthopaedic surgery.

scholarly journals Histomorphometric analysis of pure titanium implants with porous surface versus rough surface

2006 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 213-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aline Scalone Brentel ◽  
Luana Marotta Reis de Vasconcellos ◽  
Marize Varella Oliveira ◽  
Mário Lima de Alencastro Graça ◽  
Luis Gustavo Oliveira de Vasconcellos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Formation ◽  
Rough Surface ◽  
Bone Repair ◽  
Pure Titanium ◽  
Titanium Implants ◽  
Porous Surface ◽  
Histomorphometric Analysis ◽  
New Bone Formation ◽  
Bone Interface ◽  
Significant Difference

The purpose of this study was to analyze the bone repair around commercially pure titanium implants with rough and porous surface, fabricated using powder metallurgy technique, after their insertion in tibiae of rabbits. Seven male rabbits were used. Each animal received 3 porous-surface implants in the left tibia and 3 rough-surface implants in the right tibia. The rabbits were sacrificed 4 weeks after surgery and fragments of the tibiae containing the implants were submitted to histological and histomorphometric analyses to evaluate new bone formation at the implant-bone interface. Means (%) of bone neoformation obtained in the histomorphometric analysis were compared by Student's t-test for paired samples at 5% significance level.. The results of the histological analysis showed that osseointegration occurred for both types of implants with similar quality of bone tissue. The histomorphometric analysis revealed means of new bone formation at implant-bone interface of 79.69 ± 1.00% and 65.05 ± 1.23% for the porous- and rough-surface implants, respectively. Statistically significant difference was observed between the two types of implants with respect to the amount new bone formation (p<0.05). In conclusion, the porous-surface implants contributed to the osseointegration because they provide a larger contact area at implant-bone interface.

scholarly journals Organic Bovine Graft Associated With PRP In Rabbit Calvaria

2011 ◽  
Vol 15 (02) ◽  
pp. 208-213
Author(s):  
Lara Maria Alencar Ramos ◽  
Jonas Dantas Batista ◽  
Darceny Zanetta-Barbosa ◽  
Paula Dechichi ◽  
Flaviana Soares Rocha
Keyword(s):  
Bone Formation ◽  
Bone Repair ◽  
Fibrous Tissue ◽  
Giant Cells ◽  
Histological Evaluation ◽  
Bovine Bone ◽  
New Bone Formation ◽  
Organic Group ◽  
Group I ◽  
Significant Difference

Summary Introduction: Repairing large bone defects is a huge challenge that reconstructive surgery currently faces. Objective: The objective of this study was to perform the histological evaluation of bone repair in rabbit calvaria when using bovine bone graft (Gen-ox-organic®) associated with platelet-rich plasma (PRP). Method: 12 rabbits were used and two bone fragments were bilaterally removed from calvaria. Then, 24 surgical sites were randomly divided into 3 groups: coagulum (group I), organic (group II) and PRP-included organic (group III). After four weeks, the animals were sacrificed and the grafted area removed, fixed in 10% formalin with PBS 0.1 M, and embedded in paraffin. Study method: The analyzed histological parameters were: defective area filled with the newly-formed bone, graft's giant cells and particles, as well as the new bone formation associated with the particles. Group I's defects were filled with fibrous tissue attaching the periosteum and revealed a little bone formation peripherally. In both groups II and III, a similar standard was noticed in addition to the absence of graft particles and giant cells. There was no significant difference in the number of giant cells, graft particles and new bone formation around the particles between the grafted material and the PRP-related group. Conclusion: The results achieved indicate that the organic biomaterial neither separately nor jointly with PRP improves bone regeneration.

3D scaffold induces efficient bone repair: in vivo studies of ultra-structural architecture at the interface

RSC Advances ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (96) ◽  
pp. 93768-93776 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nitin Sagar ◽  
Atul Kumar Singh ◽  
Mayur K. Temgire ◽  
S. Vijayalakshmi ◽  
Alok Dhawan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factor ◽  
Bone Formation ◽  
Bone Repair ◽  
Critical Size ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
New Bone Formation ◽  
3D Scaffold ◽  
Critical Size Defect ◽  
Structural Architecture

Biodegradable designer 3D scaffold bridges critical size defect and induces new bone formation as revealed by ssNMR, SEM, EDX and μ-CT in rabbit tibial model during healing. No growth factor was needed due to chemical and microstructural cues.

Ossicular Chain Transplantation in Cats

1973 ◽  
Vol 82 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph B. Touma ◽  
Thomas A. Maguda
Keyword(s):  
Bone Formation ◽  
Bone Repair ◽  
Stria Vascularis ◽  
Fluorescent Microscopy ◽  
Organ Of Corti ◽  
Ossicular Chain ◽  
Serial Sections ◽  
New Bone Formation ◽  
Endochondral Bone ◽  
Temporal Bones

Seventy-one ossicular chains were transplanted in cats to determine the fate of the transplanted ossicles which were placed in 70% alcohol for two months prior to surgery. The morphology, bone repair and viability of the ossicles were determined by gross appearance, microscopic examination, serial sections of four decalcified temporal bones and tetracycline labels followed by fluorescent microscopy. There was extreme reaction in the middle ear to the transplanted ossicles with extensive fibrosis but the shape of the ossicles was not altered even after 19 months. However, the stapes could not be grossly identified in nine ears. The endochondral bone was gradually replaced by cortical bone with the greatest activity within the period of 3 to 6 months postsurgery and cessation of the activity after 13 to 15 months. This process of transition was studied with tetracycline labels and periodic microscopic sections of the ossicles. The inner ear reacted in different ways ranging from complete degeneration of the organ of Corti, to cochlear hydrops, to new bone formation and degeneration of the stria vascularis.

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