van der Waals force layered multiferroic hybrid perovskite (CH3NH3)2CuCl4 single crystals

In inorganic–organic perovskites, the three-dimensional arrangement of the organic group results in more subtle balance of charge, spin and space, thereby providing an attractive route toward new multiferroics.

Metal-Free Perovskites for Non-Linear Optical Materials

<div> <div> <div> <p>We identify the existence of nonlinear optical (NLO) activity in a number of novel ABX3-type metal-free perovskites, where A is a highly tuneable organic cation, B is a NH4 cation and X a halide anion. Through systematic first-principles calculations, we identify important trends to chart the second-harmonic generation of this class of materials. We study three perovskites MDABCO- NH4 I3 , CNDABCO-NH4 I3 and ODABCO-NH4 I3 for use as deep-UV second-harmonic generation materials. We identify the role of the dipole moment imparted by the organic group on the A cation as an important parameter to tune the NLO properties of these materials. We apply this knowledge functionalising the organic group DABCO with the highly polar cyanide CN group, and we demonstrate a significant improvement of the NLO response in this family of materials. These findings can accelerate the application of metal free perovskites as inexpensive, non-toxic, earth-abundant materials for the next generation of optical communication applications. </p> </div> </div> </div>

Metal-Free Perovskites for Non-Linear Optical Materials

<div> <div> <div> <p>We identify the existence of nonlinear optical (NLO) activity in a number of novel ABX3-type metal-free perovskites, where A is a highly tuneable organic cation, B is a NH4 cation and X a halide anion. Through systematic first-principles calculations, we identify important trends to chart the second-harmonic generation of this class of materials. We study three perovskites MDABCO- NH4 I3 , CNDABCO-NH4 I3 and ODABCO-NH4 I3 for use as deep-UV second-harmonic generation materials. We identify the role of the dipole moment imparted by the organic group on the A cation as an important parameter to tune the NLO properties of these materials. We apply this knowledge functionalising the organic group DABCO with the highly polar cyanide CN group, and we demonstrate a significant improvement of the NLO response in this family of materials. These findings can accelerate the application of metal free perovskites as inexpensive, non-toxic, earth-abundant materials for the next generation of optical communication applications. </p> </div> </div> </div>

367 Organic versus conventional grain on placental factors in caprine

Organic products are increasing in popularity due to consumer interest and animal products are no exception. Trends towards organic livestock diets have increased yet many questions exist regarding potential health benefits or negative increased cost from the organic product. Organic livestock diets could impact reproductive health yet research into organic feedstuffs is lacking. Previous research examined impacts of diet on placental factors and indicated nutrient transfer from dams to fetus. Impacts of organic practices on livestock reproduction has not been explored, as studies linking nutrition and reproductive abilities have been limited to conventional diets, despite increases in organic practices. The objective of the current study observed differences in placental factors between Nubian dams fed organic and conventional diets. Placental factors were defined as placental weight and cotyledon factors. Six (n = 3) pregnant Nubian dams were separated into an organic group and conventional group based on BW and BCS. The organic group was fed a certified organic concentrate and organic supplement, which had equivalent nutrients to conventional concentrate and supplement. Dams were fed 0.907kg/d/45.4kg of BW of concentrate and 0.012kg/d/45.4kg of BW in individual feeding stocks at 0630 and 1730 for the last six wks of gestation and three wks post-parturition. Upon expulsion of the placenta, the placenta was weighed, cotyledons were counted, and three cotyledons were measured for height, length, width, and volume. Differences in placental weight and cotyledon factors were analyzed by a two-tailed independent T-Test at P < 0.05. No differences were observed for any of the placental aspects (P = 0.486, 0.987, 0.997, 0.468, 0.448, and 0.809, respectively). Placental aspects, such as number and height, may have been influenced by the number of offspring each dam produced, but was not consistent between groups. Based upon the current study, increased cost of organic livestock production may not be justifiable for most goat producers.

Syntheses of two-dimensional propylammonium lead halide perovskite microstructures by a solution route

Syntheses of 2D propylammonium lead halide perovskite microstructures are reported. The I-containing perovskite exhibits a flower-like hierarchical morphology and possesses the chemical formula (C3H7NH3)6Pb4I14. The hydrogen-bonding interactions between organic group C3H7NH3+ and bilateral nearest-neighboring perovskite sheets are deemed to be responsible for this structure.

Oğlaklarda Organik Bakır ve Çinko İz Minerallerinin Canlı Ağırlık ile Bu Minerallerin Birikim ve Atılma Düzeyleri Üzerine Etkisi

This study was carried out to evaluate the effects of diet with organic copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) which supplemented at the amount of 50% of recommendation levels for these minerals instead of its inorganic forms on live weight gain, accumulation levels of minerals in serum and hair and elimination levels of these minerals in faeces of goat kids. Kids were allocated equally two groups offered rations supplemented with organic (treatment, n=12) and inorganic (control, n=12) copper and zinc. It was offered 3.5 mg/kg DM copper chelate (2-hydroxy–4-methylthiobutyrate) and 10 mg/kg DM zinc chelate (2-hydroxy–4-methylthiobutyrate) to organic group. Seven mg/kg DM copper sulphate and 20 mg/kg DM zinc sulphate were supplemented to the ration of inorganic group kids. At the end of the experiment, average values of serum copper and zinc and hair copper and zinc were found higher than that of the beginning of the experiment in both groups. The differences between groups with regard to the mean values of live body weight, serum copper and zinc, hair copper and zinc were not statistically significant. The averages values of serum copper and zinc and hair copper in the organic group and the average value of the hair zinc level in the inorganic group were found to be numerically higher than that of another group. The averages copper and zinc levels in the faeces of the organic group were lower than that of the inorganic group. As a conclusion, although the supplementation of organic copper and zinc to the kid rations at level of 50% less than recommended levels it was determined that organic group had have similar growth performances, serum and hair values to that of the inorganic group. These values showed that organic minerals were better absorbed than inorganic ones. Furthermore, lower levels of faecal copper and faecal zinc values in the organic mineral group suggested that wastes of these minerals were scattered to the environment in lesser amounts and thus lead to lesser pollution.

Raised visual contrast thresholds with intact attention and metacognition in functional motor disorder

Functional motor disorders (FMDs) are distinguished by signs that lack congruence with recognised patterns of organic disease and show inconsistency over time. Their pathophysiology is poorly understood, but there is evidence that irregularities in perceptual and cognitive processing lie at the heart of these conditions.Here, we draw on a predictive coding account of functional neurological disorders to study perceptual decision-making in three groups: 20 patients with FMDs (14 with functional movements and 6 with functional weakness), 20 with phenotypically-matched organic motor disorders, and 20 age-matched healthy controls. We examine four cognitive domains with putative roles in FMD pathogenesis: attention, expectations, sensory processing (perceptual sensitivity), and metacognition (introspective evaluation of performance). We augmented a dual-task paradigm, manipulating the visual contrast required for target detection to examine these domains in one design. With sensory input (stimulus contrast) psychometrically adjusted to staircase target detection at a fixed level for all groups, the FMD group exhibited statistically equivalent attentional, expectational and metacognitive processing to healthy controls. However, we demonstrate Bayesian evidence and a frequentist trend that FMD patients require higher visual contrast than controls to maintain the same detection sensitivity (BF10=8.1, pholm=.066). This was statistically equivalent to the visual contrast required by the organic group, and unlikely to be accounted for by medication use or comorbid psychopathology. The organic group showed differences in processing of attention and expectations for target detection that were not observed in either healthy controls or the functional group.The distinctive behavioural profile of FMDs may arise from abnormalities in basic sensory processing, while higher attentional, expectational and metacognitive mechanisms remain intact. Conceptualising functional neurological disorders under a predictive coding account may consolidate and refine existing pathophysiological theories about them.