Cytokinins and magnesium ions may control the flow of metabolites and calcium ions through fungal cell membranes

1973 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 1061-1066 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.B. LeJohn ◽  
Roselynn M. Stevenson
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Ions ◽  
Cell Membranes ◽  
Magnesium Ions ◽  
Fungal Cell

Gingerol Derivatives as 14α-demethylase Inhibitors: Design and Development of Natural, Safe Antifungals for Immune-compromised Patients

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (7) ◽  
pp. 918-928
Author(s):  
Sweta Sharma ◽  
Arpita Yadav
Keyword(s):  
Cell Membranes ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Dynamics Simulation ◽  
Stable Complex ◽  
Active Site Residues ◽  
Design And Development ◽  
Triazole Derivative ◽  
Fungal Cell ◽  
Term Administration ◽  
Compromised Patients

Background: : Currently, clinically used drugs for internal fungal infections have severe side effects. Patients suffering from severe fungal infections and those at a constant risk of developing such infections require long-term administration of safe antifungals. Objective: : This work deals with the design and development of safe, non-toxic antifungals derived from natural compounds for immune-compromised patients, such as HIV patients, who are at a constant risk of developing internal fungal infections. Methods: : Molecular modeling, docking and molecular dynamics simulation studies were performed on the main constituents of ginger and their derivatives to study their capability to inhibit 14α- demethylase enzyme. Results: : Ergosterol is the key component of the fungal cell membrane for its integrity and rigidity, synthesized from lanosterol catalyzed by 14α-demethylase enzyme. In our studies, it is determined that 6-gingerol, 6-paradol, 6-shogaol and their imidazole and triazole derivatives can inhibit the synthesis of ergosterol thus weakening the fungal cell membranes. The triazole derivative of 6-gingerol forms enhanced binding interactions with the active site residues of 14α-demethylase, carries an affinity for catalytically required cofactor heme and forms a stable complex with time without the probability of premature expulsion. Thus, this compound inhibits the formation of ergosterol leading to weakened fungal cell membranes and eventually death of fungal cells. Conclusion: : The triazole derivative of 6-gingerol is recommended as a lead compound for the development of non-toxic antifungals.

scholarly journals Fabric with silver thread role in the control of bacterial contamination in critically ill patients

2017 ◽  
Vol 68 (01) ◽  
pp. 54-57
Author(s):  
Peneș Ovidiu N. ◽  
Neagu Andrei Mihai ◽  
Plața Flavius ◽  
Păun Silviu Dumitru
Keyword(s):  
Human Body ◽  
Cell Membranes ◽  
Wound Care ◽  
Silver Ion ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Personal Hygiene ◽  
Minimal Risk ◽  
Fungal Cell ◽  
Cardiac Devices ◽  
Silver Metal

Silver has an intriguing, long history used for its antibiotic properties in human health care. It has been used in water purification, wound care, bone prostheses, reconstructive orthopaedic surgery, cardiac devices, catheters and surgical appliances, dressings and textiles. Advancing biotechnology has enabled incorporation of ionizable silver into fabrics, textiles and dressings for clinical use to reduce the risk of nosocomial infections and for personal hygiene. The antimicrobial action of silver is proportional to the bioactive silver ion (Ag(+)) released and its availability to interact with bacterial or fungal cell membranes. Silver metal and inorganic silver compounds ionize in the presence of water, body fluids or tissue exudates. The silver ion is biologically active and interacts with proteins, amino acid residues, free anions and receptors on mammalian and eukaryotic cell membranes. Bacterial sensitivity to silver is genetically determined and relates to the levels of intracellular silver uptake and its ability to interact and irreversibly denature key enzyme systems. Silver exhibits low toxicity in the human body. Minimal risk is expected due to clinical exposure by inhalation, ingestion, dermal application or through the urological or haematogenous route. Chronic ingestion or inhalation of silver preparations (especially colloidal silver) can lead to deposition of silver metal/silver sulphide particles in the skin (argyria), eye (argyrosis) and other organs. These are not life-threatening conditions but cosmetically undesirable. Silver is absorbed into the human body and enters the systemic circulation as a protein complex to be eliminated by the liver and kidneys. This complex mitigates the cellular toxicity of silver and contributes to tissue repair. Silver allergy is a known contraindication for using silver in medical devices or antibiotic textiles.

scholarly journals Influence of the papiliocin peptide derived from Papilio xuthus on the perturbation of fungal cell membranes

2010 ◽  
Vol 311 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juneyoung Lee ◽  
Jae-Sam Hwang ◽  
Bomi Hwang ◽  
Jin-Kyoung Kim ◽  
Seong Ryul Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Membranes ◽  
Fungal Cell ◽  
Papilio Xuthus

THE METABOLISM OF THE ERYTHROCYTE: X. THE INORGANIC PYROPHOSPHATASE OF THE ERYTHROCYTE

1956 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 121-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Malkin ◽  
O. F. Denstedt
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Calcium Ions ◽  
Human Erythrocyte ◽  
Inorganic Pyrophosphatase ◽  
Magnesium Ions ◽  
Constant Ratio ◽  
Inorganic Pyrophosphate ◽  
Noncompetitive Inhibitor ◽  
Pyrophosphatase Activity ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

The activity of the pyrophosphatase which catalyzes the hydrolysis of inorganic pyrophosphate in the erythrocyte of the human, the rabbit, and the chicken is confined entirely to the cytoplasm of the cell. Following preincubation, the enzyme activity in the human erythrocyte is diminished, but pre-incubation in the presence of cysteine or glutathione prevents the diminution of the enzyme activity. Aging of the hemolyzate of the human erythrocytes results in a marked loss of the inorganic pyrophosphatase activity. The diminished activity can be restored by the addition of cysteine or glutathione to the reaction mixture; but after the hemolyzate has aged for five or six days at 5 °C, the loss in the enzyme activity can no longer be restored with these reagents. Fluoride and calcium ions inhibit the activity of the enzyme, while magnesium ions are essential for its activity. Calcium is a noncompetitive inhibitor, while the inhibition by fluoride is of a "quadratic" nature. If a constant ratio of magnesium to pyrophosphate is maintained, the quadratic inhibition can be converted to the "uncompetitive" type of inhibition.

scholarly journals EFFECTS OF CALCIUM IONS AND MAGNESIUM IONS ON 5-HYDROXYTRYPTAMINE-RECEPTOR INTERACTION

1976 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 382-384 ◽  
Author(s):  
Issei TAKAYANAGI ◽  
Chung Shin LIAO ◽  
Keijiro TAKAGI
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Ions ◽  
Receptor Interaction ◽  
Magnesium Ions

Study of the influence between magnesium ions and calcium ions on the morphology and size of coprecipitation in microemulsion

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 302-307 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nong Wang ◽  
Lijuan Yang ◽  
Lixuan Chen ◽  
Rong Xiao
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Ions ◽  
Magnesium Ions

scholarly journals A STUDY ON THE MECHANISM OF INTERCELLULAR ADHESION

1974 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 641-652 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joris J. Deman ◽  
Erik A. Bruyneel ◽  
Marc M. Mareel
Keyword(s):  
Sialic Acid ◽  
Cell Surface ◽  
Calcium Ions ◽  
Hela Cells ◽  
Previous Treatment ◽  
Cell Aggregation ◽  
Sialic Acids ◽  
Magnesium Ions ◽  
Trypsin Treatment ◽  
Calcium Effect

Aggregation of suspended HeLa cells is increased on removal of cell surface sialic acid. Calcium ions promote aggregation whereas magnesium ions have no effect. The calcium effect is abolished by previous treatment of the cells with neuraminidase. Trypsinization of the HeLa cells followed by thorough washing diminishes the rate of mutual cell aggregation. Subsequent incubation with neuraminidase restores the aggregation rate to the original value before trypsin treatment. Cells which had acquired a greater tendency for aggregation after removal of peripheral sialic acid lose this property when subsequently treated with trypsin. Calcium ions have no aggregative effect on trypsinized cells. In contrast to HeLa cells, aggregation of human erythrocytes was not increased after treatment with neuraminidase or on addition of calcium. The results with HeLa cells are interpreted as follows: (a) Trypsin-releasable material confers adhesiveness upon the cells. (b) The adhesive property of this material is counteracted by the presence of cell surface sialic acids. (c) Calcium ions exert their effect by attenuating the adverse effect of sialic acid.

Measurements of cell adhesion

Development ◽  
1973 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 511-518
Author(s):  
Janet E. Hornby
Keyword(s):  
Cell Adhesion ◽  
Calcium Ions ◽  
Limb Bud ◽  
Magnesium Ions ◽  
Divalent Ions

The forces of interaction found for 5-day chick limb-bud cells in media containing different divalent ions (magnesium, calcium, strontium or barium) show that the cells are most adhesive in the presence of magnesium ions, then calcium and strontium, then barium. When magnesium and calcium ions are present together at similar concentrations the calcium ions modify the action of the magnesium ions. The importance of magnesium ions in cell adhesion is discussed.

scholarly journals Geobacillus thermoglucosidasius Endospores Function as Nuclei for the Formation of Single Calcite Crystals

2013 ◽  
Vol 79 (9) ◽  
pp. 3085-3090 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rie Murai ◽  
Naoto Yoshida
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Ions ◽  
Microscopic Observation ◽  
Nutrient Medium ◽  
Brilliant Green ◽  
Magnesium Ions ◽  
Vegetative Cells ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Geobacillus Thermoglucosidasius ◽  
Parent Colony

ABSTRACTGeobacillus thermoglucosidasiuscolonies were placed on an agar hydrogel containing acetate, calcium ions, and magnesium ions, resulting in the formation of single calcite crystals (calcites) within and peripheral to the plating area or parent colony. Microscopic observation of purified calcites placed on the surface of soybean casein digest (SCD) nutrient medium revealed interior crevices from which bacterial colonies originated. Calcites formed on the gel contained [1-13C]- and [2-13C]acetate, demonstrating thatG. thermoglucosidasiusutilizes carbon derived from acetate for calcite formation. During calcite formation, vegetative cells swam away from the parent colony in the hydrogel. Hard-agar hydrogel inhibited the formation of calcites peripheral to the parent colony. The calcite dissolved completely in 1 M HCl, with production of bubbles, and the remaining endospore-like particles were easily stained with Brilliant green dye. The presence of DNA and protein in calcites was demonstrated by electrophoresis. We propose that endospores initiate the nucleation of calcites. Endospores ofG. thermoglucosidasiusremain alive and encapsulated in calcites.

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