scholarly journals Fabric with silver thread role in the control of bacterial contamination in critically ill patients

2017 ◽  
Vol 68 (01) ◽  
pp. 54-57
Author(s):  
Peneș Ovidiu N. ◽  
Neagu Andrei Mihai ◽  
Plața Flavius ◽  
Păun Silviu Dumitru
Keyword(s):  
Human Body ◽  
Cell Membranes ◽  
Wound Care ◽  
Silver Ion ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Personal Hygiene ◽  
Minimal Risk ◽  
Fungal Cell ◽  
Cardiac Devices ◽  
Silver Metal

Silver has an intriguing, long history used for its antibiotic properties in human health care. It has been used in water purification, wound care, bone prostheses, reconstructive orthopaedic surgery, cardiac devices, catheters and surgical appliances, dressings and textiles. Advancing biotechnology has enabled incorporation of ionizable silver into fabrics, textiles and dressings for clinical use to reduce the risk of nosocomial infections and for personal hygiene. The antimicrobial action of silver is proportional to the bioactive silver ion (Ag(+)) released and its availability to interact with bacterial or fungal cell membranes. Silver metal and inorganic silver compounds ionize in the presence of water, body fluids or tissue exudates. The silver ion is biologically active and interacts with proteins, amino acid residues, free anions and receptors on mammalian and eukaryotic cell membranes. Bacterial sensitivity to silver is genetically determined and relates to the levels of intracellular silver uptake and its ability to interact and irreversibly denature key enzyme systems. Silver exhibits low toxicity in the human body. Minimal risk is expected due to clinical exposure by inhalation, ingestion, dermal application or through the urological or haematogenous route. Chronic ingestion or inhalation of silver preparations (especially colloidal silver) can lead to deposition of silver metal/silver sulphide particles in the skin (argyria), eye (argyrosis) and other organs. These are not life-threatening conditions but cosmetically undesirable. Silver is absorbed into the human body and enters the systemic circulation as a protein complex to be eliminated by the liver and kidneys. This complex mitigates the cellular toxicity of silver and contributes to tissue repair. Silver allergy is a known contraindication for using silver in medical devices or antibiotic textiles.

Antifungal Proteins from Plant Latex

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 497-506
Author(s):  
Mayck Silva Barbosa ◽  
Bruna da Silva Souza ◽  
Ana Clara Silva Sales ◽  
Jhoana D’arc Lopes de Sousa ◽  
Francisca Dayane Soares da Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Walls ◽  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Hydrolytic Enzymes ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Protein Classification ◽  
Fungal Cell ◽  
Antifungal Proteins ◽  
Plant Latex

Latex, a milky fluid found in several plants, is widely used for many purposes, and its proteins have been investigated by researchers. Many studies have shown that latex produced by some plant species is a natural source of biologically active compounds, and many of the hydrolytic enzymes are related to health benefits. Research on the characterization and industrial and pharmaceutical utility of latex has progressed in recent years. Latex proteins are associated with plants’ defense mechanisms, against attacks by fungi. In this respect, there are several biotechnological applications of antifungal proteins. Some findings reveal that antifungal proteins inhibit fungi by interrupting the synthesis of fungal cell walls or rupturing the membrane. Moreover, both phytopathogenic and clinical fungal strains are susceptible to latex proteins. The present review describes some important features of proteins isolated from plant latex which presented in vitro antifungal activities: protein classification, function, molecular weight, isoelectric point, as well as the fungal species that are inhibited by them. We also discuss their mechanisms of action.

Gingerol Derivatives as 14α-demethylase Inhibitors: Design and Development of Natural, Safe Antifungals for Immune-compromised Patients

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (7) ◽  
pp. 918-928
Author(s):  
Sweta Sharma ◽  
Arpita Yadav
Keyword(s):  
Cell Membranes ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Dynamics Simulation ◽  
Stable Complex ◽  
Active Site Residues ◽  
Design And Development ◽  
Triazole Derivative ◽  
Fungal Cell ◽  
Term Administration ◽  
Compromised Patients

Background: : Currently, clinically used drugs for internal fungal infections have severe side effects. Patients suffering from severe fungal infections and those at a constant risk of developing such infections require long-term administration of safe antifungals. Objective: : This work deals with the design and development of safe, non-toxic antifungals derived from natural compounds for immune-compromised patients, such as HIV patients, who are at a constant risk of developing internal fungal infections. Methods: : Molecular modeling, docking and molecular dynamics simulation studies were performed on the main constituents of ginger and their derivatives to study their capability to inhibit 14α- demethylase enzyme. Results: : Ergosterol is the key component of the fungal cell membrane for its integrity and rigidity, synthesized from lanosterol catalyzed by 14α-demethylase enzyme. In our studies, it is determined that 6-gingerol, 6-paradol, 6-shogaol and their imidazole and triazole derivatives can inhibit the synthesis of ergosterol thus weakening the fungal cell membranes. The triazole derivative of 6-gingerol forms enhanced binding interactions with the active site residues of 14α-demethylase, carries an affinity for catalytically required cofactor heme and forms a stable complex with time without the probability of premature expulsion. Thus, this compound inhibits the formation of ergosterol leading to weakened fungal cell membranes and eventually death of fungal cells. Conclusion: : The triazole derivative of 6-gingerol is recommended as a lead compound for the development of non-toxic antifungals.

The value of functional fermented milk drinks in dietary and preventive nutrition

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (16) ◽  
pp. 180-191
Author(s):  
Аlla Solomon ◽  
◽  
Iryna Bernyk ◽  
Мariana Bondar ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Body ◽  
Fermented Milk ◽  
The Body ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Milk Product ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Milk Products ◽  
Adverse Environmental Conditions ◽  
Functional Components ◽  
Fermented Milk Products

State policy in the field of healthy nutrition is a timely and vital, because inadequate nutrition for the physical needs of the body poses a threat to national security today. The article analyzes the state of nutrition of the population of Ukraine in recent years, which is marked by negative trends, both in relation to energy adequacy and in relation to the chemical composition of diets. It is proven that the harm to health is caused by insufficient intake of vitamins, minerals and trace elements, resulting in reduced physical and mental performance, resistance to various diseases, increased negative effects on the body of adverse environmental conditions, harmful production factors, nervous and emotional stress and stress. The purpose of this work is to scientifically substantiate the composition of a fermented milk product enriched with sprouted barley grains and rosehip syrup, which allows improving the structure of the human nutrition through the use of functional ingredients and facilitating the adaptation of the human body to adverse external conditions. Experts associate the positive effect of fermented milk products for the human body with the appearance in them of physiologically active functional components, which are also useful in a physiological form. The value of fermented milk products in functional nutrition is determined primarily by the unique composition of microflora, food and biological value of products. Speaking about the nutritional value of fermented milk products, it is necessary to consider in detail the nutritional substances that make up its composition. In the lifr process of lactic acid bacteria, a complex of biologically active substances (enzymes, lactic and acetic acids, antibiotic substances) is accumulating. Dietary fermented milk products improve metabolism, stimulate the secretion of gastric juice, stimulate the appetite. Improving the health of the human body and ensuring its active life through the use of fermented milk products with functional properties is a new promising direction in medicine and nutrition, as its integral part.

scholarly journals Development of beverage recipes with specified bio-corrective properties based on plant raw materials with the ultrasonic extraction method

2020 ◽  
Vol 82 (3) ◽  
pp. 189-199
Author(s):  
M. V. Manukovskaya ◽  
I. P. Shchetilina ◽  
A. G. Kudryakova ◽  
S. R. Kozlova ◽  
A. O. Torosyan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Extraction Method ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Ultrasonic Extraction ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Plant Raw Materials ◽  
Organoleptic Characteristics ◽  
Active Substances

The development of targeted beverages is a priority for healthy eating. Plant raw materials containing a wide variety of biologically active substances are used for their production. The presence of these ingredients helps to improve many physiological processes in the body, as well as to increase its immune status. The high efficiency of ultrasonic effects on various technological processes was confirmed by numerous studies. Ultrasonic extraction was carried out at t = 20 ? and an ultrasonic wave frequency of 22 kHz. As a result of the research, it was found that the equilibrium state is achieved within 15 minutes with ultrasound exposure. Natural raw materials, their chemical composition and the influence on the human body were studied in the work to develop new beverages recipes. The selected ingredients in a certain quantitative ratio made it possible to obtain beverages with improved bio-corrective properties, which allows satisfying the daily requirement of the human body for biologically active substances. Ultrasonic exposure has a positive effect on the organoleptic characteristics of the beverage and the aftertaste, as proved by the comparative organoleptic evaluation of the samples. The functional properties of the beverages developed were confirmed experimentally. The following was determined in the beverages: macronutrients content, antioxidant activity, vitamin C content, shelf life duration. The ultrasonic extraction method application in the technology of beverages manufacturing allows: to reduce the preparation time by half, to reduce the amount of raw materials by 15%, to increase the content of macronutrients by 45%, to increase the content of vitamin C by 35%, to increase the antioxidant activity by 45-50%, to increase storage stability by 50-60%, to improve organoleptic characteristics. The results obtained prove the intensifying effect of ultrasonic exposure in the production of functional beverages.

scholarly journals Influence of the papiliocin peptide derived from Papilio xuthus on the perturbation of fungal cell membranes

2010 ◽  
Vol 311 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juneyoung Lee ◽  
Jae-Sam Hwang ◽  
Bomi Hwang ◽  
Jin-Kyoung Kim ◽  
Seong Ryul Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Membranes ◽  
Fungal Cell ◽  
Papilio Xuthus

MAIN DIRECTIONS OF CREATION OF FUNCTIONAL FOOD PRODUCTS

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
А.В. ПЕТРЕНКО ◽  
В.В. ИЛЛАРИОНОВА
Keyword(s):  
Functional Properties ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Functional Food ◽  
Food Products ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Food Allergies ◽  
Health Performance ◽  
Nutritional Factor ◽  
Natural Components ◽  
Active Substances

Рассмотрен фактор питания как оказывающая влияние составляющая на здоровье, работоспособность, устойчивость организма человека к воздействию экологически вредных производств и сред обитания. Отмечена проблема увеличения заболеваний, связанных с разбалансированным питанием и пищевой аллергией, особенно среди лиц не достигших 30 лет. Показана перспективность придания функциональных свойств пищевым продуктам посредством модификации естественных компонентов, обогащения биологически активными веществами, удаления нежелательных ингредиентов. The nutritional factor is considered as an influencing component on the health, performance, and resistance of the human body to the effects of environmentally harmful industries and habitats. The problem of growing diseases associated with unbalanced nutrition and food allergies, especially among people under the age of 30, has been noted. The prospects of giving functional properties to food products through modification of natural components, enrichment with the biologically active substances, remove of undesirable ingredients are shown.

Cell membranes and liposomes dissociate C‐reactive protein (CRP) to form a new, biologically active structural intermediate: mCRP m

2006 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 284-294 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shang‐Rong Ji ◽  
Yi Wu ◽  
Li Zhu ◽  
Lawrence A. Potempa ◽  
Fen‐Ling Sheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Membranes ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Reactive Protein

scholarly journals Community-Associated Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Infections in the Athlete

2009 ◽  
Vol 1 (5) ◽  
pp. 405-410 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathleen Weber
Keyword(s):  
Wound Care ◽  
Clinical Information ◽  
Personal Hygiene ◽  
Prevention Measures ◽  
Effective Prevention ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Appropriate Treatment ◽  
Prevention Of Infections ◽  
High Level

Context: Community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphlococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) has become of increasing concern in the athletic setting. Appropriate recognition, treatment, and prevention measures are all paramount to protect individual athletes and teamwide outbreaks. Evidence Acquisition: Relevant electronic databases (Medline or PubMed) through 2008 were searched. Articles and studies relevant to this topic were reviewed for pertinent clinical information. Study Type: Clinical review. Results: CA-MRSA is an increasing problem both in the community at large and in the athletic population. Conclusion: Early infections based on methicillin-resistant Staphlococcus aureus are often misidentified, leading to delay in appropriate treatment. A high level of suspicion, prompt recognition, and appropriate treatment can minimize morbidity associated with CA-MRSA. Careful selection of antibiotics in suspected cases is important, with more severe infections requiring hospitalization and intravenous antibiotics. Eradication of bacteria in colonized patients has not yet proven to be effective. Prevention of infections is multifaceted, and it includes education, proper personal hygiene, routine cleaning of equipment, and proper wound care.

scholarly journals Vitamin B6 and Related Inborn Errors of Metabolism

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hilal H. Al-Shekaili ◽  
Clara van Karnebeek ◽  
Blair R. Leavitt
Keyword(s):  
Human Body ◽  
Metabolic Pathways ◽  
Vitamin B6 ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Inborn Errors ◽  
Epileptic Encephalopathies ◽  
Normal Brain Function ◽  
High Doses ◽  
Living Organisms

Vitamin B6 (vitB6) is a generic term that comprises six interconvertible pyridine compounds. These vitB6 compounds (also called vitamers) are pyridoxine (PN), pyridoxamine (PM), pyridoxal (PL) and their 5′-phosphorylated forms pyridoxine 5′-phosphate (PNP), pyridoxamine 5′-phosphate (PMP) and pyridoxal 5′-phosphate (PLP). VitB6 is an essential nutrient for all living organisms, but only microorganisms and plants can carry out de novo synthesis of this vitamin. Other organisms obtain vitB6 from dietary sources and interconvert its different forms according to their needs via a biochemical pathway known as the salvage pathway. PLP is the biologically active form of vitB6 which is important for maintaining the biochemical homeostasis of the body. In the human body, PLP serves as a cofactor for more than 140 enzymatic reactions, mainly associated with synthesis, degradation and interconversion of amino acids and neurotransmitter metabolism. PLP-dependent enzymes are also involved in various physiological processes, including biologically active amine biosynthesis, lipid metabolism, heme synthesis, nucleic acid synthesis, protein and polyamine synthesis and several other metabolic pathways. PLP is an important vitamer for normal brain function since it is required as a coenzyme for the synthesis of several neurotransmitters including D-serine, D-aspartate, L-glutamate, glycine, γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), serotonin, epinephrine, norepinephrine, histamine and dopamine. Intracellular levels of PLP are tightly regulated and conditions that disrupt this homeostatic regulation can cause disease. In humans, genetic and dietary (intake of high doses of vitB6) conditions leading to increase in PLP levels is known to cause motor and sensory neuropathies. Deficiency of PLP in the cell is also implicated in several diseases, the most notable example of which are the vitB6-dependent epileptic encephalopathies. VitB6-dependent epileptic encephalopathies (B6EEs) are a clinically and genetically heterogeneous group of rare inherited metabolic disorders. These debilitating conditions are characterized by recurrent seizures in the prenatal, neonatal, or postnatal period, which are typically resistant to conventional anticonvulsant treatment but are well-controlled by the administration of PN or PLP. In addition to seizures, children affected with B6EEs may also suffer from developmental and/or intellectual disabilities, along with structural brain abnormalities. Five main types of B6EEs are known to date, these are: PN-dependent epilepsy due to ALDH7A1 (antiquitin) deficiency (PDE-ALDH7A1) (MIM: 266100), hyperprolinemia type 2 (MIM: 239500), PLP-dependent epilepsy due to PNPO deficiency (MIM: 610090), hypophosphatasia (MIM: 241500) and PLPBP deficiency (MIM: 617290). This chapter provides a review of vitB6 and its different vitamers, their absorption and metabolic pathways in the human body, the diverse physiological roles of vitB6, PLP homeostasis and its importance for human health. Finally, the chapter reviews the inherited neurological disorders affecting PLP homeostasis with a special focus on vitB6-dependent epileptic encephalopathies (B6EEs), their different subtypes, the pathophysiological mechanism underlying each type, clinical and biochemical features and current treatment strategies.

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