The relationship between cell size and cell division in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae

1978 ◽  
Vol 112 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
B.L.A. Carter ◽  
M.N. Jagadish
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Cell Division ◽  
Cell Size ◽  
Yeast Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
The Relationship

Phosphorylation of Cdc28 and regulation of cell size by the protein kinase CKII in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

2000 ◽  
Vol 351 (1) ◽  
pp. 143-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gian Luigi RUSSO ◽  
Christian VAN DEN BOS ◽  
Ann SUTTON ◽  
Paola COCCETTI ◽  
Maurizio D. BARONI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Cell Division ◽  
Protein Kinase ◽  
Cell Size ◽  
Peptide Mapping ◽  
Budding Yeast ◽  
Cell Division Cycle ◽  
Yeast Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Protein Kinase Ckii

The CDK (cyclin-dependent kinase) family of enzymes is required for the G1-to-S-phase and G2-to-M-phase transitions during the cell-division cycle of eukaryotes. We have shown previously that the protein kinase CKII catalyses the phosphorylation of Ser-39 in Cdc2 during the G1 phase of the HeLa cell-division cycle [Russo, Vandenberg, Yu, Bae, Franza and Marshak (1992) J. Biol. Chem. 267, 20317–20325]. To identify a functional role for this phosphorylation, we have studied the homologous enzymes in the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The S. cerevisiae homologue of Cdc2, Cdc28, contains a consensus CKII site (Ser-46), which is homologous with that of human Cdc2. Using in vitro kinase assays, metabolic labelling, peptide mapping and phosphoamino acid analysis, we demonstrate that this site is phosphorylated in Cdc28 in vivo as well in vitro. In addition, S. cerevisiae cells in which Ser-46 has been mutated to alanine show a decrease in both cell volume and protein content of 33%, and this effect is most pronounced in the stationary phase. Because cell size in S. cerevisiae is regulated primarily at the G1 stage, we suggest that CKII contributes to the regulation of the cell cycle in budding yeast by phosphorylation of Cdc28 as a checkpoint for G1 progression.

scholarly journals The G1 Cyclin Cln3p Controls Vacuolar Biogenesis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Genetics ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 165 (2) ◽  
pp. 467-476
Author(s):  
Bong-Kwan Han ◽  
Rodolfo Aramayo ◽  
Michael Polymenis
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Cell Division ◽  
Cell Size ◽  
Budding Yeast ◽  
Cytoplasmic Organelle ◽  
Fusion Activity ◽  
Organelle Biogenesis ◽  
Large Space ◽  
Yeast Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
G1 Cyclin

Abstract How organelle biogenesis and inheritance is linked to cell division is poorly understood. In the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae the G1 cyclins Cln1,2,3p control initiation of cell division. Here we show that Cln3p controls vacuolar (lysosomal) biogenesis and segregation. First, loss of Cln3p, but not Cln1p or Cln2p, resulted in vacuolar fragmentation. Although the vacuoles of cln3Δ cells were fragmented, together they occupied a large space, which accounted for a significant fraction of the overall cell size increase in cln3Δ cells. Second, cytosol prepared from cells lacking Cln3p had reduced vacuolar homotypic fusion activity in cell-free assays. Third, vacuolar segregation was perturbed in cln3Δ cells. Our findings reveal a novel role for a eukaryotic G1 cyclin in cytoplasmic organelle biogenesis and segregation.

scholarly journals Checkpoint genes required to delay cell division in response to nocodazole respond to impaired kinetochore function in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

1995 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. 6838-6844 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y Wang ◽  
D J Burke
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Cell Division ◽  
Yeast Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Cell Cycle Delay ◽  
Delay Cell ◽  
Antimitotic Drugs ◽  
Checkpoint Genes ◽  
Spindle Structure ◽  
Kinetochore Function

Inhibition of mitosis by antimitotic drugs is thought to occur by destruction of microtubules, causing cells to arrest through the action of one or more mitotic checkpoints. We have patterned experiments in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae after recent studies in mammalian cells that demonstrate the effectiveness of antimitotic drugs at concentrations that maintain spindle structure. We show that low concentrations of nocodazole delay cell division under the control of the previously identified mitotic checkpoint genes BUB1, BUB3, MAD1, and MAD2 and independently of BUB2. The same genes mediate the cell cycle delay induced in ctf13 mutants, limited for an essential kinetochore component. Our data suggest that a low concentration of nocodazole induces a cell cycle delay through checkpoint control that is sensitive to impaired kinetochore function. The BUB2 gene may be part of a separate checkpoint that responds to abnormal spindle structure.

scholarly journals The GTS1 gene, which contains a Gly-Thr repeat, affects the timing of budding and cell size of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

1994 ◽  
Vol 14 (8) ◽  
pp. 5569-5578 ◽  
Author(s):  
K Mitsui ◽  
S Yaguchi ◽  
K Tsurugi
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Cell Size ◽  
Single Cells ◽  
Exponential Growth Phase ◽  
Restrictive Temperature ◽  
Multicopy Plasmid ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Yeast Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Mean Cell Volume

A gene with an open reading frame encoding a protein of 417 amino acid residues with a Gly-Thr repeat was isolated from the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae by using synthetic oligonucleotides encoding three Gly-Thr dimers as probes. The deduced amino acid sequence showed partial homology to the clock-affecting gene, per, of Drosophila melanogaster in the regions including the GT repeat. The function of the gene, named GTS1, was examined by characterizing the phenotypes of transformants with different copy numbers of the GTS1 gene produced either by inactivating the GTS1 gene by gene disruption (TM delta gts1) or by transformation with multicopy plasmid pPER119 (TMpGTS1). They grew at similar rates during the exponential growth phase, but the lag phases were shorter for TM delta gts1 and longer for TMpGTS1 cells than that for the wild type. Analyses of their cell cycle parameters using synchronized cells revealed that the unbudding period changed as a function of gene dosage; that is, the periods of TM delta gts1 and TMpGTS1 were about 20% shorter and longer, respectively, than that of the wild-type. Another significant change in the transformants was detected in the distribution of the cell size. The mean cell volume of the TM delta gts1 cells in the unbudded period (single cells) was 27% smaller than that of single wild-type cells, whereas that of single TMpGTS1 cells was 48% larger. Furthermore, in the temperature-sensitive cdc4 mutant, the GTS1 gene affected the timing of budding at the restrictive temperature. Thus, the GTS1 gene product appears to modulate the timing of budding to obtain an appropriate cell size independent of the DNA replication cycle.

scholarly journals Symmetric cell division in pseudohyphae of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

1994 ◽  
Vol 5 (9) ◽  
pp. 1003-1022 ◽  
Author(s):  
S J Kron ◽  
C A Styles ◽  
G R Fink
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Cell Size ◽  
Time Lapse ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Yeast Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Distinct Cell ◽  
Mother And Daughter ◽  
Dividing Cells ◽  
Unique Cell

Laboratory strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae are dimorphic; in response to nitrogen starvation they switch from a yeast form (YF) to a filamentous pseudohyphal (PH) form. Time-lapse video microscopy of dividing cells reveals that YF and PH cells differ in their cell cycles and budding polarity. The YF cell cycle is controlled at the G1/S transition by the cell-size checkpoint Start. YF cells divide asymmetrically, producing small daughters from full-sized mothers. As a result, mothers and daughters bud asynchronously. Mothers bud immediately but daughters grow in G1 until they achieve a critical cell size. By contrast, PH cells divide symmetrically, restricting mitosis until the bud grows to the size of the mother. Thus, mother and daughter bud synchronously in the next cycle, without a G1 delay before Start. YF and PH cells also exhibit distinct bud-site selection patterns. YF cells are bipolar, producing their second and subsequent buds at either pole. PH cells are unipolar, producing their second and subsequent buds only from the end opposite the junction with their mother. We propose that in PH cells a G2 cell-size checkpoint delays mitosis until bud size reaches that of the mother cell. We conclude that yeast and PH forms are distinct cell types each with a unique cell cycle, budding pattern, and cell shape.

scholarly journals Regulation of cell size in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

1979 ◽  
Vol 137 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
G C Johnston ◽  
C W Ehrhardt ◽  
A Lorincz ◽  
B L Carter
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Cell Size ◽  
Yeast Saccharomyces Cerevisiae
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