Cortical motor potential in monkeys before and after upper limb deafferentation

1970 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 253-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
Herbert G. Vaughan ◽  
Elliott G. Gross ◽  
Joseph Bossom
Keyword(s):  
Upper Limb ◽  
Motor Potential ◽  
Cortical Motor ◽  
Before And After

EFEITOS DO DEEP RUNNING SOBRE A AMPLITUDE DE MOVIMENTO E A CAPACIDADE FUNCIONAL DOS MEMBROS SUPERIORES DE MULHERES MASTECTOMIZADAS: RELATO DE CASOS

2019 ◽  
pp. 121-131
Keyword(s):  
Range Of Motion ◽  
Upper Limb ◽  
Functional Capacity ◽  
External Rotation ◽  
Treatment Protocol ◽  
Range Of Movement ◽  
Flexion Extension ◽  
Before And After ◽  
In The Beginning ◽  
And Function

Introduction: Breast cancer is the most common type of cancer among women in Brazil and in the worl. The surgical treatment procedure may cause severe morbidity in the upper limb homolateral to surgery, including the reduction of the range of motion, with consequent impairment of function. A physiotherapeutic approach has an important role in the recover range of motion and the functionality of these women, guaranteeing the occupational, domestestic, familiar and conjugated activities, and, in this way, also improving the quality of life. Objectives: To analyse chances in the shoulder's range of motion and the functional capacity of the upper limbs, promoted by the deep running procedure in women with late postoperative mastectomy. Methods: All the patients were submitted to an evaluation in the beginning and end of the treatment, including: goniometry of flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, internal and external rotation of the shoulder joint; and function capacity analysis in activities that involve the upper members by DASH questionnaire. The treatment protocol includes twelve sessions of deep running, realized twice a week, in deep pool, for 20-minute during six weeks. Results: Were submitted to treatment a total of 4 patients. Despite the improvement in the numerical values, statistically significant differences were not found on the range of movements and in the functional capacity of upper members before and after the deep running sessions in post-mastectomy women. Conclusion: Deep running had effects on the numerical values of range of movement and upper limb functionality in women in the late postoperative period of the mastectomy procedure, but without statistically significant differences.

Modified Graded Motor Imagery for Musicians’ Focal Dystonia: A Case Series

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-17
Author(s):  
Marina Ramella ◽  
Francesca Borgnis ◽  
Giulia Giacobbi ◽  
Anna Castagna ◽  
Frncesca Baglio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Motor Imagery ◽  
Treatment Protocol ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Focal Dystonia ◽  
Rehabilitative Treatment ◽  
Cortical Organization ◽  
Cortical Motor ◽  
Home Based ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Graded Motor Imagery

PURPOSE: This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of the “modified graded motor imagery” (mGMI) protocol as a rehabilitative treatment of musician’s focal dystonia (MFD). METHODS: Six musicians with MFD (age 43.83±17.24 yrs) performed the home-based mGMI protocol (laterality training, imagined hand movements and visual mirror feedback) once a day for 4 weeks. The mMGI protocol was designed to sequentially activate cortical motor networks and improve cortical organization. Subjects were evaluated before and after treatment with the dystonia evaluation scale (DES), arm dystonia disability scale (ADDS), Tubiana-Chamagne scale (TCS), and performing scale (PS). RESULTS: All participants were compliant with the mGMI treatment protocol without any adverse events. A significant improvement was measured in ADDS (p=0.047) and TCS scores (p=0.014) but not in DES (p=0.157). The severity of MFD decreased from moderate to mild in four patients. After mGMI treatment, all musicians were able to play easy pieces (TCS: median 3.5, IR 3.5–4). CONCLUSION: The findings from this pilot study suggest that home-based mGMI treatment is a feasible and promising rehabilitative approach for patients with mild to moderate MFD.

scholarly journals Mirror therapy for upper limb rehabilitation in chronic patients after stroke

2016 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 287-293 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dreyzialle Vila Nova Mota ◽  
André Luís Ferreira de Meireles ◽  
Marcelo Tavares Viana ◽  
Rita de Cássia de Albuquerque Almeida
Keyword(s):  
Upper Limb ◽  
Mirror Therapy ◽  
Chronic Patients ◽  
Upper Limb Rehabilitation ◽  
Postural Alignment ◽  
Paretic Limb ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Conventional Physiotherapy ◽  
Limb Rehabilitation

Abstract Introduction: Individuals with stroke sequelae present changes in the postural alignment and muscle strength associated with hemiplegia or hemiparesis. Mirror therapy is a technique that aims to improve the motor function of the paretic limb. Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of mirror therapy, associated with conventional physiotherapy, for range of motion (ROM), degree of spasticity of the affected upper limb, and the level of independence in the activities of daily living (ADL) of chronic patients after stroke. Methods: This was a quasi-experimental (before and after) study. The study included ten stroke survivors undertaking physiotherapy and presenting with upper limb paresis. The following gauges were used for the present study: goniometry, the Modified Ashworth Scale, Fugl-Meyer and Barthel Index. Fifteen sessions were performed, each lasting 30 minutes, consisting of stretching of the flexor and extensor muscles of the wrist and elbow, pronators and supinators, followed by mirror therapy with gradual functional exercises. Results: Improvement was observed in all aspects studied, however with significant differences for ROM wrist extension (p = 0.04) and forearm supination (p = 0.03) Conclusion: It can be concluded that mirror therapy contributed to the participants' good performance in the aspects studied, mainly in relation to ROM of the affected upper limb.

scholarly journals High-density surface electromyography maps after computer-aided training in individual with congenital transverse deficiency: a case study

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Kisiel-Sajewicz ◽  
Jarosław Marusiak ◽  
Mónica Rojas-Martínez ◽  
Damian Janecki ◽  
Sławomir Chomiak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Upper Limb ◽  
Trapezius Muscle ◽  
High Density ◽  
Emg Activity ◽  
Average Intensity ◽  
Mental Training ◽  
Sensory Stimuli ◽  
Computer Aided ◽  
Before And After

Abstract Background The aim of this study was to determine whether computer-aided training (CAT) of motor tasks would increase muscle activity and change its spatial distribution in a patient with a bilateral upper-limb congenital transverse deficiency. We believe that our study makes a significant contribution to the literature because it demonstrates the usefulness of CAT in promoting the neuromuscular adaptation in people with congenital limb deficiencies and altered body image. Case presentation The patient with bilateral upper-limb congenital transverse deficiency and the healthy control subject performed 12 weeks of the CAT. The subject’s task was to imagine reaching and grasping a book with the hand. Subjects were provided a visual animation of that movement and sensory feedback to facilitate the mental engagement to accomplish the task. High-density electromyography (HD-EMG; 64-electrode) were collected from the trapezius muscle during a shrug isometric contraction before and after 4, 8, 12 weeks of the training. After training, we observed in our patient changes in the spatial distribution of the activation, and the increased average intensity of the EMG maps and maximal force. Conclusions These results, although from only one patient, suggest that mental training supported by computer-generated visual and sensory stimuli leads to beneficial changes in muscle strength and activity. The increased muscle activation and changed spatial distribution of the EMG activity after mental training may indicate the training-induced functional plasticity of the motor activation strategy within the trapezius muscle in individual with bilateral upper-limb congenital transverse deficiency. Marked changes in spatial distribution during the submaximal contraction in the patient after training could be associated with changes of the neural drive to the muscle, which corresponds with specific (unfamiliar for patient) motor task. These findings are relevant to neuromuscular functional rehabilitation in patients with a bilateral upper-limb congenital transverse deficiency especially before and after upper limb transplantation and to development of the EMG based prostheses.

scholarly journals Changes in Indocyanine Green Lymphography Patterns after Physical Treatment in Secondary Upper Limb Lymphedema

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 306
Author(s):  
María Elena Medina-Rodríguez ◽  
María de-la-Casa-Almeida ◽  
Jesús González Martín ◽  
María Hermida Anllo ◽  
Esther M. Medrano-Sánchez
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Physical Therapy ◽  
Indocyanine Green ◽  
Upper Limb ◽  
Lymphatic Drainage ◽  
Manual Lymphatic Drainage ◽  
Physical Treatment ◽  
Lymphatic Function ◽  
Disease Patterns ◽  
Before And After

Indocyanine green (ICG) lymphography is used to evaluate the lymphatic function before and after pneumatic compression or post-manual lymphatic drainage. The aim of this study was to ascertain the changes in the fluoroscopic pattern produced by the provision of complex physical therapy. This prospective analytic (pretest-posttest) study was conducted in 19 patients with upper lymphedema secondary to breast cancer. Nine patients were excluded due to ICG found after 3 weeks. The ICG patterns were analyzed under basal conditions and after three weeks of treatment. After the treatment, 45% of the patients presented tracer remains in the affected limb, and this finding was significantly related to time of the lymphedema development. In one subject, the patterns remain unchanged or cannot be defined. Three of the ten patients observed present the worsening of at least 1 of the patterns and in the rest of the subjects, six cases, the improvement of the patterns is observed. In 60% of the cases, the most severe pattern reversed towards slight (splash) cases, and moderate cases reversed towards a slight case in 70% of cases. Therefore, after treatment with complex physical therapy, the pathological patterns observed in the pretest, which evolved positively, reverted their severity toward milder disease patterns or towards normality.

Modified Brain Activations of the Nondamaged Hemisphere During Ipsilesional Upper-Limb Movement in Persons With Initial Severe Motor Deficits Poststroke

2017 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liesjet E. H. van Dokkum ◽  
Emmanuelle le Bars ◽  
Denis Mottet ◽  
Alain Bonafé ◽  
Nicolas Menjot de Champfleur ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Upper Limb ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Middle Temporal Gyrus ◽  
Motor Deficits ◽  
Activation Patterns ◽  
Severe Stroke ◽  
Flexion Extension ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Stroke Group

Background. Poststroke, the ipsilesional upper limb shows slight but substantial and long-term motor deficits. Objective. To define brain activation patterns during a gross motor flexion/extension task of the ipsilesional elbow early poststroke before and after rehabilitation, in relation to the corresponding kinematic characteristics at each time point. Method. Simultaneous analysis of kinematic features (amplitude, frequency, smoothness, and trajectory of movement) and of corresponding functional magnetic resonance imaging activations (block-design). A total of 21 persons with subacute initial severe stroke (Fugl-Meyer score <30/66) participated twice: within the first 2 months poststroke (V0) and after 6 weeks of rehabilitation (V1). Results at both time points were compared with activation patterns and kinematics of 13 healthy controls. Results. Compared with controls ( a) movements of the ipsilesional upper-limb poststroke were smaller (V0 + V1) and less smooth (V0 + V1) and ( b) participants poststroke showed additional recruitment of the contralesional middle temporal gyrus (V0) and rolandic opercularis involved in movement visualization (V0 + V1), whereas they lacked activation of the supramarginal gyrus (V0 + V1). Over time, participants poststroke showed an extended activation of the contralesional sensorimotor cortex at V0. Conclusion. Movements of the ipsilesional upper limb within an initially severe stroke group were not only atypical in motor outcome, but seemed to be controlled differently. Together the observed changes pointed toward an overall disturbance of the bihemispheric motor network poststroke, marked by ( a) a possible despecialization of the nondamaged hemisphere and ( b) the employment of alternative control strategies to ensure optimal task execution.

scholarly journals A Multiparameter Approach to Evaluate Post-Stroke Patients: An Application on Robotic Rehabilitation

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 2248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonella Belfatto ◽  
Alessandro Scano ◽  
Andrea Chiavenna ◽  
Alfonso Mastropietro ◽  
Simona Mrakic-Sposta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Upper Limb ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Quantitative Description ◽  
Motor Task ◽  
Chronic Patients ◽  
Clinical Scales ◽  
Post Stroke ◽  
Robotic Therapy ◽  
Parameter Evaluation ◽  
Before And After

Multidomain instrumental evaluation of post-stroke chronic patients, coupled with standard clinical assessments, has rarely been exploited in the literature. Such an approach may be valuable to provide comprehensive insight regarding patients’ status, as well as orienting the rehabilitation therapies. Therefore, we propose a multidomain analysis including clinically compliant methods as electroencephalography (EEG), electromyography (EMG), kinematics, and clinical scales. The framework of upper-limb robot-assisted rehabilitation is selected as a challenging and promising scenario to test the multi-parameter evaluation, with the aim to assess whether and in which domains modifications may take place. Instrumental recordings and clinical scales were administered before and after a month of intensive robotic therapy of the impaired upper limb, on five post-stroke chronic hemiparetic patients. After therapy, all patients showed clinical improvement and presented pre/post modifications in one or several of the other domains as well. All patients performed the motor task in a smoother way; two of them appeared to change their muscle synergies activation strategies, and most subjects showed variations in their brain activity, both in the ipsi- and contralateral hemispheres. Changes highlighted by the new multiparametric instrumental approach suggest a recovery trend in agreement with clinical scales. In addition, by jointly demonstrating lateralization of brain activations, changes in muscle recruitment and the execution of smoother trajectories, the new approach may help distinguish between true functional recovery and the adoption of suboptimal compensatory strategies. In the light of these premises, the multi-domain approach may allow a finer patient characterization, providing a deeper insight into the mechanisms underlying the relearning procedure and the level (neuro/muscular) at which it occurred, at a relatively low expenditure. The role of this quantitative description in defining a personalized treatment strategy is of great interest and should be addressed in future studies.

Functional Reorganization in Chronic Hemiparetic Patients after Training: fMRI Studies

2006 ◽  
Vol 321-323 ◽  
pp. 1016-1021
Author(s):  
Ki Sik Tae ◽  
Sung Jae Song ◽  
So Young Lee ◽  
Gi Young Park ◽  
Chul Ho Sohn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Training Program ◽  
Upper Limb ◽  
Hand Movement ◽  
Active Movement ◽  
Wrist Flexion ◽  
Motor Tasks ◽  
Neural Basis ◽  
Motor Network ◽  
Flexion Extension ◽  
Before And After

The aim of this study was to evaluate effects of short-term repetitive-bilateral exercise on the activation of motor network using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Eight control subjects and four chronic hemiparetic patients were investigated for the present study. The training program with a symmetrical upper-limb motion trainer was performed at 1 hr/day, 5 days/week during 6 weeks. Fugl-Meyer assessments (FMA) were performed every two weeks during the training. We compared cerebral and cerebellar cortical activations in two different tasks before and after the training program: (1) the only unaffected hand movement (Task 1), and (2) passive movements of the affected hand by the active movement of the unaffected hand (Task 2). fMRI was performed at 3T with wrist flexion-extension movement at 1 Hz during the motor tasks. All patients showed significant improvements of FMA scores in their paretic limbs after training. fMRI studies in Task 1 showed that cortical activations decreased in ipsilateral SMC but increased in contralateral sensorimotor cortex (SMC) and ipsilateral cerebellum (CRB). Task 2 showed cortical reorganizations in bilateral SMC, pre-motor area (PMA), supplementary area (SMA) and CRB. This study demonstrated that plastic changes of motor network occurred as a neural basis of the improvement subsequent to repetitive-bilateral exercises using the symmetrical upper-limb motion trainer.

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