Limited recovery of spontaneous alternation after extensive hippocampal damage: Evidence for a memory impairment

1979 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 284-294 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ami Isseroff
Keyword(s):  
Spontaneous Alternation ◽  
Memory Impairment ◽  
Hippocampal Damage

scholarly journals Ziziphus jujuba (Rhamnaceae) Alleviates Working Memory Impairment and Restores Neurochemical Alterations in the Prefrontal Cortex of D-Galactose-Treated Rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Antoine K. Kandeda ◽  
Danide Nguedia ◽  
Espoir R. Ayissi ◽  
Jonas Kouamouo ◽  
Théophile Dimo
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Spontaneous Alternation ◽  
Memory Impairment ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Novel Object ◽  
Y Maze ◽  
Ziziphus Jujuba

Alzheimer’s disease is a progressive cognitive dysfunction. However, pharmacological treatments are symptomatic and have many side effects, opening the opportunity to alternative medicine. This study investigated the antiamnesic effect of the aqueous extract of Ziziphus jujuba on D-galactose-induced working memory impairment in rats. Impairment of working memory was induced by subcutaneous (s.c.) injection of D-galactose (350 mg/kg/day) to rats for 21 days. These animals were then subjected to object recognition and Y-maze tests. Rats with confirmed memory impairment were treated per os (p.o.) with tacrine (10 mg/kg), aspirin (20 mg/kg, p.o.), extract (41.5, 83, and 166 mg/kg, p.o.), and distilled water (10 mL/kg, p.o.) daily for 14 days. At the end of the treatments, alteration in working memory was assessed using the above paradigms. Afterward, these animals were euthanized, and cholinergic, proinflammatory, and neuronal damage markers were analyzed in the prefrontal cortex. Rats administered D-galactose and treated with distilled water had impaired working memory (evidenced by decreased time spent on the novel object and discrimination index) and decreased spontaneous alternation in the Y-maze. D-galactose also decreased the levels of acetylcholinesterase and acetylcholine and increased the level of glial fibrillary acidic protein, ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β), interleukin 6 (IL-6), and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ). Treatment with the extract (166 mg/kg) reversed the time spent on the novel object and the discrimination index. It equally increased the percentage of spontaneous alternation. Neurochemical analysis revealed that the extract markedly alleviated acetylcholinesterase activity and neuroinflammation. These observations were corroborated by the reduction in neuronal loss. Taken together, these results suggest that Ziziphus jujuba aqueous extract possesses an antiamnesic effect. This effect seems to involve cholinergic and anti-inflammatory modulations. This, therefore, claims using this plant in the treatment of dementia in Cameroon subject to further studies and trials.

scholarly journals Protective Effects of Tao-Hong-Si-Wu Decoction on Memory Impairment and Hippocampal Damage in Animal Model of Vascular Dementia

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lan Han ◽  
Zhaojie Ji ◽  
Weidong Chen ◽  
Dengke Yin ◽  
Fan Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Dementia ◽  
Memory Impairment ◽  
B Cell Lymphoma ◽  
Artery Occlusion ◽  
Hippocampal Damage ◽  
Neural Cells ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Thrombotic Diseases ◽  
Endothelial Growth Factor ◽  
Cerebral Artery Occlusion

Tao-Hong-Si-Wu decoction (TSD) as a traditional chinese medicine (TCM) has been developed to treat thrombotic diseases for hundreds of years, and vascular dementia (VD) is a cognitive dysfunction syndrome caused by cerebral embolism. In this study, the protective effect of TSD on memory impairment and brain damage in rat model of VD induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) was investigated. The study showed that rats in MCAO treatment with TSD for 14 days significantly improved behavioral function, increased densities of neuron, and induced angiogenesis in the brain compared with model rats. TSD also adjusted the neurotransmitter levels, reduced the content of endothelin-1 (ET-1), and induced the activities of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in hippocampus. Moreover, the immunohistochemical staining and western blotting results also revealed that TSD decreased apoptosis via upregulated B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2)/Bcl-2 associated X protein (Bax) ratio. These results demonstrated TSD possesses neuroprotective and antidementia properties by preventing the loss of neural cells, adjusting brain neurotransmitter, promoting cerebral blood circulation, and decreasing apoptosis. These results suggested that TSD might be developed as an effective drug for the prevention of VD.

scholarly journals Hippocampal microstructural damage correlates with memory impairment in clinically isolated syndrome suggestive of multiple sclerosis

2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (9) ◽  
pp. 1214-1224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincent Planche ◽  
Aurélie Ruet ◽  
Pierrick Coupé ◽  
Delphine Lamargue-Hamel ◽  
Mathilde Deloire ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Verbal Memory ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Memory Impairment ◽  
Diffusion Tensor ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Mean Diffusivity ◽  
Clinically Isolated Syndrome ◽  
Hippocampal Damage ◽  
Lesion Load

Objective: We investigated whether diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) could reveal early hippocampal damage and clinically relevant correlates of memory impairment in persons with clinically isolated syndrome (CIS) suggestive of multiple sclerosis (MS). Methods: A total of 37 persons with CIS, 32 with MS and 36 controls prospectively included from 2011 to 2014 were tested for cognitive performances and scanned with 3T-magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to assess volumetric and DTI changes within the hippocampus, whole brain volume and T2-lesion load. Results: While there was no hippocampal atrophy in the CIS group, hippocampal fractional anisotropy (FA) was significantly decreased compared to controls. Decrease in hippocampal FA together with increased mean diffusivity (MD) was even more prominent in MS patients. In CIS, hippocampal MD was correlated with episodic verbal memory performance ( r = −0.57, p = 0.0002 and odds ratio (OR) = 0.058, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.0057–0.59, p = 0.016 adjusted for age, gender, depression and T2-lesion load), but not with cognitive tasks unrelated to hippocampal functions. Hippocampal MD was the only variable discriminating memory-impaired from memory-preserved persons with CIS (area under the curve (AUC) = 0.77, sensitivity = 90.0%, specificity = 70.3%, positive predictive value (PPV) = 52.9%, negative predictive value (NPV) = 95.0%). Conclusion: DTI alterations within the hippocampus might reflect early neurodegenerative processes that are correlated with episodic memory performance, discriminating persons with CIS according to their memory status.

Effect of Melatonin and Resveratrol against Memory Impairment and Hippocampal Damage in a Rat Model of Vascular Dementia

2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 318-331 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dongfang Shen ◽  
Xiaoyan Tian ◽  
Wenxu Sang ◽  
Rongrong Song
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Dementia ◽  
Rat Model ◽  
Memory Impairment ◽  
Hippocampal Damage

scholarly journals Mulberry Fruit Extract Protects against Memory Impairment and Hippocampal Damage in Animal Model of Vascular Dementia

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pratchaya Kaewkaen ◽  
Terdthai Tong-un ◽  
Jintanaporn Wattanathorn ◽  
Supaporn Muchimapura ◽  
Wiroje Kaewrueng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Animal Model ◽  
Vascular Dementia ◽  
Memory Impairment ◽  
Neuroprotective Effect ◽  
Hippocampal Damage ◽  
Preventive Strategy ◽  
Fruit Extract ◽  
Mulberry Fruit ◽  
Male Wistar Rats

Nowadays, the preventive strategy of vascular dementia, one of the challenge problems of elderly, has received attention due to the limitation of therapeutic efficacy. In this study, we aimed to determine the protective effect and possible mechanism of action of mulberry fruit extract on memory impairment and brain damage in animal model of vascular dementia. Male Wistar rats, weighing 300–350?g, were orally given mulberry extract at doses of 2, 10 and 50?mg/kg at a period of 7 days before and 21 days after the occlusion of right middle cerebral artery (Rt.MCAO). It was found that rats subjected to mulberry fruits plus Rt.MCAO showed the enhanced memory, the increased densities of neuron, cholinergic neuron, Bcl-2-immunopositive neuron together with the decreased oxidative stress in hippocampus. Taken all data together, the cognitive enhancing effect of mulberry fruit extract observed in this study might be partly associated with the increased cholinergic function and its neuroprotective effect in turn occurs partly via the decreased oxidative stress and apoptosis. Therefore, mulberry fruit is the potential natural cognitive enhancer and neuroprotectant. However, further researches are essential to elucidate the possible active ingredient.

scholarly journals Spared Perception of the Structure of Scenes after Hippocampal Damage

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (8) ◽  
pp. 1260-1269
Author(s):  
Zhisen J. Urgolites ◽  
Ramona O. Hopkins ◽  
Larry R. Squire
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Lobe ◽  
Medial Temporal Lobe ◽  
Memory Impairment ◽  
Hippocampal Damage ◽  
Spatial Tasks ◽  
Structural Coherence ◽  
Temporal Lobe Lesions

To explore whether the hippocampus might be important for certain spatial operations in addition to its well-known role in memory, we administered two tasks in which participants judged whether objects embedded in scenes or whether scenes themselves could exist in 3-D space. Patients with damage limited to the hippocampus performed as well as controls in both tasks. A patient with large medial-temporal lobe lesions had a bias to judge objects in scenes and scenes themselves as possible, performing well with possible stimuli but poorly with impossible stimuli in both tasks. All patients were markedly impaired at remembering the tasks. The hippocampus appears not to be essential for judging the structural coherence of objects in scenes or the coherence of scenes. The findings conform to what is now a sizeable literature emphasizing the importance of the hippocampus for memory. We discuss our results in light of findings that other patients have sometimes been reported to be disadvantaged by spatial tasks like the ones studied here, despite less hippocampal damage and milder memory impairment.

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