scholarly journals Ziziphus jujuba (Rhamnaceae) Alleviates Working Memory Impairment and Restores Neurochemical Alterations in the Prefrontal Cortex of D-Galactose-Treated Rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Antoine K. Kandeda ◽  
Danide Nguedia ◽  
Espoir R. Ayissi ◽  
Jonas Kouamouo ◽  
Théophile Dimo
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Spontaneous Alternation ◽  
Memory Impairment ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Novel Object ◽  
Y Maze ◽  
Ziziphus Jujuba

Alzheimer’s disease is a progressive cognitive dysfunction. However, pharmacological treatments are symptomatic and have many side effects, opening the opportunity to alternative medicine. This study investigated the antiamnesic effect of the aqueous extract of Ziziphus jujuba on D-galactose-induced working memory impairment in rats. Impairment of working memory was induced by subcutaneous (s.c.) injection of D-galactose (350 mg/kg/day) to rats for 21 days. These animals were then subjected to object recognition and Y-maze tests. Rats with confirmed memory impairment were treated per os (p.o.) with tacrine (10 mg/kg), aspirin (20 mg/kg, p.o.), extract (41.5, 83, and 166 mg/kg, p.o.), and distilled water (10 mL/kg, p.o.) daily for 14 days. At the end of the treatments, alteration in working memory was assessed using the above paradigms. Afterward, these animals were euthanized, and cholinergic, proinflammatory, and neuronal damage markers were analyzed in the prefrontal cortex. Rats administered D-galactose and treated with distilled water had impaired working memory (evidenced by decreased time spent on the novel object and discrimination index) and decreased spontaneous alternation in the Y-maze. D-galactose also decreased the levels of acetylcholinesterase and acetylcholine and increased the level of glial fibrillary acidic protein, ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β), interleukin 6 (IL-6), and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ). Treatment with the extract (166 mg/kg) reversed the time spent on the novel object and the discrimination index. It equally increased the percentage of spontaneous alternation. Neurochemical analysis revealed that the extract markedly alleviated acetylcholinesterase activity and neuroinflammation. These observations were corroborated by the reduction in neuronal loss. Taken together, these results suggest that Ziziphus jujuba aqueous extract possesses an antiamnesic effect. This effect seems to involve cholinergic and anti-inflammatory modulations. This, therefore, claims using this plant in the treatment of dementia in Cameroon subject to further studies and trials.

scholarly journals Anti-Amnesic and Neuroprotective Effects of Ziziphus Jujuba Aqueous Extract on Scopolamine-Induced Cognitive Impairments in Rats

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Etienne Djeuzong ◽  
Antoine Kandeda ◽  
Sefirin Djiogue ◽  
Danide Nguedia ◽  
Stephanie Lewale ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Cognitive Impairments ◽  
Folk Medicine ◽  
Neuronal Loss ◽  
Neuroprotective Effects ◽  
Memory Impairments ◽  
Y Maze ◽  
Ziziphus Jujuba

Abstract Background: Alzheimer's disease is a neurological condition that affects more than 44 million people worldwide. The available treatments target the symptoms rather than underlying causes. Ziziphus jujuba (Rhamnaceae) is used in traditional Cameroonian medicine to treat many disorders including memory impairments. The study aimed to evaluate the anti-amnesic and neuroprotective effects of Z. jujuba aqueous extract on scopolamine-induced memory disorders in rats. Methods: Learning and memory impairments were induced in rats by scopolamine (1mg/kg, i.p.) for 15 days. Rats that developed cognitive impairments were divided as follows: two positive control groups received piracetam (200 mg/kg, p.o.) or tacrine (1 mg/kg, p.o.); three test groups received the extract (29, 57, and 114 mg/kg, p.o., respectively) daily for 15 days. At the end of treatments, memory impairments were assessed by Morris water maze and Y-maze tests. Thereafter, animals were sacrificed and some biochemical parameters (oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis) were estimated in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex.Results: Z. jujuba decreased the time to reach the platform and increased the time in the target quadrant. However, it failed to affect spontaneous alternation in the Y-maze. Furthermore, the extract reversed scopolamine-induced oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis. This was confirmed with the prevention of neuronal loss in the hippocampus or prefrontal cortex. Conclusions: These findings suggest that Z. jujuba extract possesses ant-amnesic and neuroprotective effects. It seems that these effects are mediated in part by antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic activities. This, therefore, justify its use to treat dementia and psychiatric disorders in Cameroon’s folk medicine.

scholarly journals Aqueous Extract of Black Maca (Lepidium meyenii) on Memory Impairment Induced by Ovariectomy in Mice

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julio Rubio ◽  
Wang Qiong ◽  
Xinmin Liu ◽  
Zhen Jiang ◽  
Haixia Dang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Monoamine Oxidase ◽  
Learning And Memory ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Memory Impairment ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Lepidium Meyenii ◽  
Inhibitory Activities ◽  
Step Down ◽  
Different Doses ◽  
Morris Maze

The present study aims to test two different doses of aqueous extract of black maca on learning and memory in ovariectomized (OVX) mice and their relation with malonalehyde (MDA), acetylcholinesterase (Ache) and monoamine oxidase (MAO) brain levels. Female mice were divided into five groups: (i) naive (control), (ii) sham, (iii) OVX mice and OVX mice treated with (iv) 0.50 g kg−1and (v) 2.00 g kg−1black maca. Mice were orally treated with distilled water or black maca during 35 days starting 7 days after surgery. Memory and learning were assessed using the water Morris maze (from day 23–27) and the step-down avoidance test (days 34 and 35). At the end of each treatment, mice were sacrificed by decapitation and brains were dissected out for MDA, Ache and MAO determinations. Black maca (0.5 and 2.0 g/kg) increased step-down latency when compared to OVX control mice. Black maca decreased MDA and Ache levels in OVX mice; whereas, no differences were observed in MAO levels. Finally, black maca improved experimental memory impairment induced by ovariectomy, due in part, by its antioxidant and Ache inhibitory activities.

scholarly journals Antiamnesic Effects of a Hydroethanolic Extract of Crinum macowanii on Scopolamine-Induced Memory Impairment in Mice

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew T. Mugwagwa ◽  
Louis L. Gadaga ◽  
William Pote ◽  
Dexter Tagwireyi
Keyword(s):  
Object Recognition ◽  
Memory Impairment ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Novel Object Recognition ◽  
Significant Activity ◽  
Novel Object ◽  
Y Maze ◽  
Hydroethanolic Extract ◽  
Dose Dependent Increase ◽  
Dose Dependent

Crinum macowanii has been found to contain alkaloids that have activity against acetylcholinesterase enzyme in vitro. The present study was undertaken to investigate the in vivo ability of hydroethanolic crude extract of Crinum macowanii to ameliorate memory impairment induced by scopolamine. Thirty-six male Balb/c mice weighing around 25–35 g were employed in the present investigation. Y-maze and novel object recognition apparatus served as the exteroceptive behavioural models, and scopolamine-induced amnesia served as the interoceptive behavioural model. C. macowanii (10, 20, and 40 mg/kg p.o.) was administered in single doses to the mice. Donepezil (3 mg/kg p.o.) was used as a positive control agent. C. macowanii extract reversed the amnesia induced by scopolamine as indicated by a dose-dependent increase in spontaneous alternation performance in the Y-maze task. C. macowanii 40 mg/kg showed significant activity (p<0.05 versus negative control), comparable to that of the positive control. C. macowanii also showed memory-enhancing activity against scopolamine-induced memory deficits in the long-term memory novel object recognition performance as indicated by a dose-dependent increase in the discrimination index. The results indicate that the hydroethanolic extract of C. macowanii may be a useful memory restorative mediator in the treatment of cognitive disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease.

Prefrontal cortex and mediodorsal thalamus reduced connectivity is associated with spatial working memory impairment in rats with inflammatory pain

Pain ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 154 (11) ◽  
pp. 2397-2406 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helder Cardoso-Cruz ◽  
Mafalda Sousa ◽  
Joana B. Vieira ◽  
Deolinda Lima ◽  
Vasco Galhardo
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Inflammatory Pain ◽  
Memory Impairment ◽  
Spatial Working Memory ◽  
Mediodorsal Thalamus

scholarly journals ENHANCING COGNITIVE FUNCTION OF HEALTHY WISTAR RATS WITH AQUEOUS EXTRACT OF Centella asiatica

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 37-45
Author(s):  
Ayeshah A Rosdah ◽  
Evi Lusiana ◽  
Muhammad Reagan ◽  
Abdurrahman Akib ◽  
Fadhila Khairunnisa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Centella Asiatica ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Novel Object ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Acetylcholine Content ◽  
High Preference ◽  
Brain Acetylcholine

Background: Centella asiatica (L.) Urb is a native herb from Asian countries such as India, China, and Indonesia. This herb has been widely used as a cure for various diseases. However, studies investigating the aqueous extract of Centella asiatica as a nootropic in healthy individuals are still very limited.Objective: This study aims to investigate the potential of aqueous extract of Centella asiatica in enhancing cognitive function of healthy male Wistar rats.Methods: Rats were randomly allocated to four treatment groups, i.e. without treatment and aqueous Centella asiatica extract at doses of 200, 400 and 800 mg/kg. To determine enhancement of cognitive function, novel object recognition (NOR) test was conducted after the course of treatment. Acetylcholine content was assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.Results: There was a significantly high preference index towards the novel object in the NOR test in groups treated with 200 mg/kg and 800 mg/kg of the aqueous extract compared to control. This was further confirmed by a significant increase of brain acetylcholine content in rats treated with 200 mg/kg of the extract.Conclusion: Therefore, this study confirms that the aqueous extract is effective in enhancing cognitive performance of healthy Wistar rats.

scholarly journals Enriched environment improves working memory impairment of mice with traumatic brain injury by enhancing histone acetylation in the prefrontal cortex

PeerJ ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. e6113
Author(s):  
Xin Wang ◽  
Zhaoxiang Meng ◽  
Jibing Wang ◽  
Hongyu Zhou ◽  
Yi Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Working Memory ◽  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Cognitive Functions ◽  
Cholinergic System ◽  
Memory Impairment ◽  
Gene Promoter ◽  
Contralateral Side ◽  
H3 Acetylation

Working memory impairment is a common cognitive dysfunction after traumatic brain injury (TBI), which severely affects the quality of life of patients. Acetylcholine is a neurotransmitter which is closely related to cognitive functions. In addition, epigenetic modifications are also related to cognitive functions. A neurorehabilitation strategy, enriched environment (EE) intervention, has been widely used to improve cognitive impairment. However, studies of the mechanism of EE on cholinergic system and epigenetic modifications in mouse with TBI have not been reported yet. In this paper, a mouse model with traumatic frontal lobe injury was established, and the mechanism on EE for the mice with TBI was explored. It was found that EE could improve Y-maze performance of mice with TBI, the function of cholinergic system, and the imbalance of acetylation homeostasis in the prefrontal cortex of contralateral side of TBI. In addition, EE also could increase the level of CREB binding protein and histones H3 acetylation at ChAT gene promoter region in the prefrontal cortex of contralateral side of TBI. These indicate that EE has an important effect on the improvement of working memory impairment and the underlying mechanism may involve in histones H3 acetylation at ChAT gene promoter regions in the prefrontal cortex.

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