The Effects of Clonidine on Memory Impairment in Rats with Hippocampal Damage

Tao-Hong-Si-Wu decoction (TSD) as a traditional chinese medicine (TCM) has been developed to treat thrombotic diseases for hundreds of years, and vascular dementia (VD) is a cognitive dysfunction syndrome caused by cerebral embolism. In this study, the protective effect of TSD on memory impairment and brain damage in rat model of VD induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) was investigated. The study showed that rats in MCAO treatment with TSD for 14 days significantly improved behavioral function, increased densities of neuron, and induced angiogenesis in the brain compared with model rats. TSD also adjusted the neurotransmitter levels, reduced the content of endothelin-1 (ET-1), and induced the activities of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in hippocampus. Moreover, the immunohistochemical staining and western blotting results also revealed that TSD decreased apoptosis via upregulated B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2)/Bcl-2 associated X protein (Bax) ratio. These results demonstrated TSD possesses neuroprotective and antidementia properties by preventing the loss of neural cells, adjusting brain neurotransmitter, promoting cerebral blood circulation, and decreasing apoptosis. These results suggested that TSD might be developed as an effective drug for the prevention of VD.

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Hippocampal microstructural damage correlates with memory impairment in clinically isolated syndrome suggestive of multiple sclerosis

Multiple Sclerosis Journal ◽

10.1177/1352458516675750 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 23 (9) ◽

pp. 1214-1224 ◽

Cited By ~ 28

Author(s):

Vincent Planche ◽

Aurélie Ruet ◽

Pierrick Coupé ◽

Delphine Lamargue-Hamel ◽

Mathilde Deloire ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Multiple Sclerosis ◽

Verbal Memory ◽

Predictive Value ◽

Memory Impairment ◽

Diffusion Tensor ◽

Memory Performance ◽

Mean Diffusivity ◽

Clinically Isolated Syndrome ◽

Hippocampal Damage ◽

Lesion Load

Objective: We investigated whether diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) could reveal early hippocampal damage and clinically relevant correlates of memory impairment in persons with clinically isolated syndrome (CIS) suggestive of multiple sclerosis (MS). Methods: A total of 37 persons with CIS, 32 with MS and 36 controls prospectively included from 2011 to 2014 were tested for cognitive performances and scanned with 3T-magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to assess volumetric and DTI changes within the hippocampus, whole brain volume and T2-lesion load. Results: While there was no hippocampal atrophy in the CIS group, hippocampal fractional anisotropy (FA) was significantly decreased compared to controls. Decrease in hippocampal FA together with increased mean diffusivity (MD) was even more prominent in MS patients. In CIS, hippocampal MD was correlated with episodic verbal memory performance ( r = −0.57, p = 0.0002 and odds ratio (OR) = 0.058, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.0057–0.59, p = 0.016 adjusted for age, gender, depression and T2-lesion load), but not with cognitive tasks unrelated to hippocampal functions. Hippocampal MD was the only variable discriminating memory-impaired from memory-preserved persons with CIS (area under the curve (AUC) = 0.77, sensitivity = 90.0%, specificity = 70.3%, positive predictive value (PPV) = 52.9%, negative predictive value (NPV) = 95.0%). Conclusion: DTI alterations within the hippocampus might reflect early neurodegenerative processes that are correlated with episodic memory performance, discriminating persons with CIS according to their memory status.

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Effect of Melatonin and Resveratrol against Memory Impairment and Hippocampal Damage in a Rat Model of Vascular Dementia

NeuroImmunoModulation ◽

10.1159/000454681 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 23 (5-6) ◽

pp. 318-331 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Dongfang Shen ◽

Xiaoyan Tian ◽

Wenxu Sang ◽

Rongrong Song

Keyword(s):

Vascular Dementia ◽

Rat Model ◽

Memory Impairment ◽

Hippocampal Damage

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Mulberry Fruit Extract Protects against Memory Impairment and Hippocampal Damage in Animal Model of Vascular Dementia

Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine ◽

10.1155/2012/263520 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 2012 ◽

pp. 1-9 ◽

Cited By ~ 25

Author(s):

Pratchaya Kaewkaen ◽

Terdthai Tong-un ◽

Jintanaporn Wattanathorn ◽

Supaporn Muchimapura ◽

Wiroje Kaewrueng ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Animal Model ◽

Vascular Dementia ◽

Memory Impairment ◽

Neuroprotective Effect ◽

Hippocampal Damage ◽

Preventive Strategy ◽

Fruit Extract ◽

Mulberry Fruit ◽

Male Wistar Rats

Nowadays, the preventive strategy of vascular dementia, one of the challenge problems of elderly, has received attention due to the limitation of therapeutic efficacy. In this study, we aimed to determine the protective effect and possible mechanism of action of mulberry fruit extract on memory impairment and brain damage in animal model of vascular dementia. Male Wistar rats, weighing 300–350?g, were orally given mulberry extract at doses of 2, 10 and 50?mg/kg at a period of 7 days before and 21 days after the occlusion of right middle cerebral artery (Rt.MCAO). It was found that rats subjected to mulberry fruits plus Rt.MCAO showed the enhanced memory, the increased densities of neuron, cholinergic neuron, Bcl-2-immunopositive neuron together with the decreased oxidative stress in hippocampus. Taken all data together, the cognitive enhancing effect of mulberry fruit extract observed in this study might be partly associated with the increased cholinergic function and its neuroprotective effect in turn occurs partly via the decreased oxidative stress and apoptosis. Therefore, mulberry fruit is the potential natural cognitive enhancer and neuroprotectant. However, further researches are essential to elucidate the possible active ingredient.

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Spared Perception of the Structure of Scenes after Hippocampal Damage

Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience ◽

10.1162/jocn_a_01416 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 31 (8) ◽

pp. 1260-1269

Author(s):

Zhisen J. Urgolites ◽

Ramona O. Hopkins ◽

Larry R. Squire

Keyword(s):

Temporal Lobe ◽

Medial Temporal Lobe ◽

Memory Impairment ◽

Hippocampal Damage ◽

Spatial Tasks ◽

Structural Coherence ◽

Temporal Lobe Lesions

To explore whether the hippocampus might be important for certain spatial operations in addition to its well-known role in memory, we administered two tasks in which participants judged whether objects embedded in scenes or whether scenes themselves could exist in 3-D space. Patients with damage limited to the hippocampus performed as well as controls in both tasks. A patient with large medial-temporal lobe lesions had a bias to judge objects in scenes and scenes themselves as possible, performing well with possible stimuli but poorly with impossible stimuli in both tasks. All patients were markedly impaired at remembering the tasks. The hippocampus appears not to be essential for judging the structural coherence of objects in scenes or the coherence of scenes. The findings conform to what is now a sizeable literature emphasizing the importance of the hippocampus for memory. We discuss our results in light of findings that other patients have sometimes been reported to be disadvantaged by spatial tasks like the ones studied here, despite less hippocampal damage and milder memory impairment.

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Domoic acid, an environmental toxin, produces hippocampal damage and severe memory impairment

Neuroscience Letters ◽

10.1016/0304-3940(90)90043-9 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 120 (2) ◽

pp. 221-223 ◽

Cited By ~ 53

Author(s):

R.J. Sutherland ◽

J.M. Hoesing ◽

I.Q. Whishaw

Keyword(s):

Memory Impairment ◽

Domoic Acid ◽

Hippocampal Damage ◽

Environmental Toxin

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Memantine Protects against Paclitaxel-Induced Cognitive Impairment through Modulation of Neurogenesis and Inflammation in Mice

Cancers ◽

10.3390/cancers13164177 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (16) ◽

pp. 4177

Author(s):

Pi-Shan Sung ◽

Pei-Wen Chen ◽

Chia-Jui Yen ◽

Meng-Ru Shen ◽

Chih-Hung Chen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cognitive Impairment ◽

Memory Impairment ◽

Treatment Strategies ◽

Nmda Receptor Antagonist ◽

Adverse Side Effect ◽

Hippocampal Damage ◽

The Impact ◽

The Relationship ◽

Paclitaxel Treatment ◽

Impaired Neurogenesis

Chemotherapy-induced cognitive impairment (CICI) is an adverse side effect of cancer treatment with increasing awareness. Hippocampal damage and related neurocognitive impairment may mediate the development of CICI, in which altered neurogenesis may play a role. In addition, increased inflammation may be related to chemotherapy-induced hippocampal damage. Memantine, an uncompetitive N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist that may enhance neurogenesis and modulate inflammation, may be useful for treating CICI. To test this hypothesis, paclitaxel was administered to eight-week-old male B6 mice to demonstrate the relationship between CICI and impaired neurogenesis, and then, we evaluated the impact of different memantine regimens on neurogenesis and inflammation in this CICI model. The results demonstrated that both the pretreatment and cotreatment regimens with memantine successfully reversed impaired neurogenesis and spatial memory impairment in behavior tests. The pretreatment regimen unsuccessfully inhibited the expression of peripheral and central TNF- and IL-1 and did not improve the mood alterations following paclitaxel treatment. However, the cotreatment regimen led to a better modulatory effect on inflammation and restoration of mood disturbance. In conclusion, this study illustrated that impaired neurogenesis is one of the mechanisms of paclitaxel-induced CICI. Memantine may serve as a potential treatment for paclitaxel-induced CICI, but different treatment strategies may lead to variations in the treatment efficacy.

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