Plasma 17β-estradiol levels in the chick embryo

1981 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
James E. Woods ◽  
Dianne M. Brazzill
Pain ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol Publish Ahead of Print ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah D. Linnstaedt ◽  
Matthew C. Mauck ◽  
Esther YeEun Son ◽  
Andrew S. Tungate ◽  
Yue Pan ◽  
...  

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-19
Author(s):  
P. Murali ◽  
J. Radhika ◽  
D. Alwin

Objective: The appropriate function of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis is essential for maintaining proper reproductive function. In female mammals, the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis regulates reproductive changes that take place in the estrus cycle and are necessary for successful reproduction. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of thymectomy on the estrus cycle in neonatally thymectomized guinea pigs.Methods: In this study, 12 female guinea pigs, six thymectomized and six sham-operated, were studied. The effects of neonatal thymectomy at 5–7 days of age on parameters of the reproductive axis were examined in female guinea pigs. Gonadotropin and 17β-estradiol levels were assessed at regular intervals (days 0, 3, 6, 9, 12, and 15) of the estrus cycle, and the time of vaginal opening in the thymectomized and shamoperated guinea pigs was determined.Results: Significant reductions in gonadotropins and 17β-estradiol levels during estrus cycle were found in neonatally thymectomized female guinea pigs compared to sham-operated guinea pigs.Conclusion: The results of this study underscore the importance of the thymus in the neonatal period for normal female reproductive function.


2013 ◽  
Vol 14 (S1) ◽  
Author(s):  
K Chan ◽  
S Labruijere ◽  
I Garrelds ◽  
A Danser ◽  
C Villalón ◽  
...  

1985 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 824-833 ◽  
Author(s):  
Glen Van Der Kraak ◽  
Helen M. Dye ◽  
Edward M. Donaldson ◽  
George A. Hunter

Intraperitoneal injections of des Gly10-(D-Ala6) luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone ethylamide (LH-RHA DAla6) alone and in combination with partially purified chinook salmon gonadotropin (SG-G100) were shown to be highly effective means of inducing ovulation in coho salmon. Two injections of LH-RHA DAla6 72 h apart or LH-RHA DAla6 injected with or 72 h following an injection of SG-G100 induced ovulation in 6–10 days. The induction of ovulation was associated with the duration rather than the initial magnitude of the increase in plasma gonadotropin levels. Plasma 17β-estradiol levels decreased whereas plasma 17α,20β-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one (17α20βP) levels increased in response to elevated plasma gonadotropin levels. The time of ovulation was related to the magnitude and rate of change in plasma 17β-estradiol and 17α20βP levels. Ovulation occurred following a reduction of plasma 17β-estradiol levels to less than 2 ng/mL and this decline preceded or was concomitant with an increase in plasma 17αt20βP levels to 450–500 ng/mL. 17α20βP levels in fish which underwent oocyte maturation but not ovulation were lower (100 ng/mL), suggesting that high levels of 17α20βP may have a direct role in ovulation. Changes in 17β-estradiol production appear to determine the time of ovulation by influencing the magnitude and rate of increase of plasma 17α20βP levels.


Metabolism ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 619-623 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Yamaji ◽  
M. Ishibashi ◽  
K. Kosaka ◽  
T. Yanaihara

2016 ◽  
Vol 242 (6) ◽  
pp. 593-605 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin Ah Ryuk ◽  
Byoung-Seob Ko ◽  
Hye Won Lee ◽  
Da Sol Kim ◽  
Suna Kang ◽  
...  

Tetragonia tetragonioides (Pall.) Kuntze (TTK) and JakYakGamCho-Tang (JGT) have been used for improving women’s health and treating inflammatory diseases. We determined that the long-term consumption of these herbal extracts alleviates the progression of postmenopausal symptoms in high-fat-diet fed ovariectomized (OVX) rats, and further explored the mechanisms involved. Five groups of OVX rats were fed high fat diets that were supplemented with either 2% dextrin (control), 2% TTK (70% ethanol extract), 2% JGT (water extract), 1% JGT + 1% TTK (JGTT), or 30 µg/kg body weight/day of 17β-estradiol (positive control). After eight weeks of dietary intervention, the herbal treatments did not change the serum concentrations of 17β-estradiol or uterine weight in control rats, but they were higher in the positive-control group. TTK rats exhibited higher daily energy expenditure, particularly fat oxidation, without modifying the energy intake than the controls. TTK lowered the fat mass but lean body mass of the abdomen and leg were increased. JGT decreased periuterine fat mass and lean body mass more than the control but the decrease was not as much as TTK. TTK resulted in substantially lower serum concentrations of the proinflammatory cytokines, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, than the control and JGT had lesser effect than TTK. Insulin resistance, determined by homeostasis model assessment estimate for assessing insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and insulin tolerance test, was reduced in the decreasing order of control, JGT, JGTT, and TTK and the HOMA-IR of TTK was similar to the positive control. TTK, but not JGT, enhanced glucose tolerance compared with the control, although the serum insulin levels in TTK were lower compared to the control. Interestingly, the β-cell masses were much greater in the TTK and JGTT groups than in the control, and they were comparable to the positive control. The increases in β-cell masses in TTK and JGTT groups were associated with enhanced β-cell proliferation and suppressed apoptosis, which was related to the decreased TNF-α and interleukin-1β expressions. In conclusion, JGTT did not improve menopausal symptoms better than TTK itself. TTK itself prevented the OVX-induced impairments in energy, lipid, and glucose metabolism, similar to the positive control, without changing serum 17β-estradiol levels and potentiating insulin signaling and decreasing proinflammatory cytokines. TTK may be a useful intervention to alleviate some menopausal symptoms similar to selective estrogen receptor modulators and should be investigated with further human study. Impact statement Menopause decreases the quality of life in middle-aged women and herbal remedies are sometimes used as alternatives for hormone replacement therapy, which may have detrimental side effects. Although several herbal extracts have been studied, no remedies improve all the menopausal symptoms. In this study, the 70% ethanol extract of Tetragonia tetragonioides (Pall.) Kuntze (TTK) reduced the symptoms of hot flushes and improved energy, glucose, and lipid metabolism in estrogen-deficient animals without increasing serum 17β-estradiol levels. This extract acts like a selective estrogen receptor modulator and it may be a useful intervention for alleviating menopausal symptoms. This is the first study to show that the 70% ethanol extract of TTK has the potential to treat menopause-associated symptoms and metabolic disturbances. It may be a useful intervention for alleviating the symptoms of menopause in women if its efficacy can be confirmed in human studies.


2002 ◽  
Vol 282 (5) ◽  
pp. C1087-C1092 ◽  
Author(s):  
Markus W. Knöferl ◽  
Martin G. Schwacha ◽  
Doraid Jarrar ◽  
Martin K. Angele ◽  
Keith Fragoza ◽  
...  

Hypoxemia depresses cell-mediated immune functions in males, whereas proestrous females do not show such a depression. We hypothesized that elevated systemic estradiol levels in proestrous females prevent hypoxemia-induced immune depression. To study this hypothesis, male C3H/HeN mice were pretreated with 17β-estradiol (E2, 40 μg/kg body wt sc) or vehicle for 3 days before induction of hypoxemia and again immediately before induction of hypoxia. The mice were subjected to hypoxemia (95% N2-5% O2) or sham hypoxemia (room air) for 60 min, and plasma and spleen cells were collected 2 h later. In vehicle-treated mice, splenocyte proliferation and interleukin-2 and interleukin-3 production were depressed after hypoxemia. E2-pretreated animals, however, displayed no such depression in splenic T cell parameters after hypoxemia. Splenic macrophage cytokine production was also depressed in vehicle-treated mice subjected to hypoxia, whereas it was normal in E2-pretreated mice. In summary, these findings indicate that administration of E2 before hypoxemia prevented the depression of cell-mediated immune functions. Thus administration of 17β-estradiol in high-risk patients before major surgery might decrease hypoxemia-induced immune depression under those conditions.


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