Control of reaction temperature by introduction of a cold stream as a means of producing optimal condition for an exothermic reaction

1967 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 203
Author(s):  
A FEDOTOV
Keyword(s):  
Optimal Condition ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Exothermic Reaction ◽  
Cold Stream

Preparation of Tetrasubstituted Bis(3-indolyl)methanes from Indoles and Acetophenes Using 1,3-Dibromo-5,5-dimehtylhydantoin as an Efficient Catalyst

2022 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zubiao Zheng ◽  
Daoxin Zha ◽  
Peng Cui ◽  
Caixia Ye ◽  
Lei Jin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optimal Condition ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Efficient Catalyst ◽  
New Process

Abstract: A new process that could efficiently prepare tetrasubstituted bis(3-indolyl)methanes from various indoles and acetophenones with 1,3-Dibromo-5,5-dimehtylhydantoin(DBDMH) as a catalyst was reported. The effects of catalysts, solvents, and reaction temperature were investigated. Under the optimal condition, most of the tetrasubstituted bis(3-indolyl)methanes were obtained in 90–99% yields.

Precursor and processing effects on BaPbO3 formation kinetics

2006 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 584-596 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun-ichi Tani ◽  
Guerman Popov ◽  
Paul R. Mort ◽  
Richard E. Riman
Keyword(s):  
Phase Boundary ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Formation Rate ◽  
Exothermic Reaction ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Interface Reaction ◽  
Diffusion Controlled ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Lead Oxides ◽  
Nitrate System

The synthesis of BaPbO3 from a wide range of mixtures containing metalorganic precursors, nitrate precursors, lead oxides, barium oxide and peroxide was investigated, and the kinetics was analyzed using the Johnson–Mehl–Avrami (JMA) equation. It was found that Ba and Pb stearate soaps and Pb oxalate that were used as metalorganic precursors formed BaCO3 and PbO or Pb3O4 after firing at 440 °C. The formation rate of BaPbO3 from a metalorganic precursor system is not higher than that from the conventional BaCO3–PbO system and does not depend on mixing methods or the kinds of metalorganic precursors but instead on the synthesis atmosphere. In the case of the BaCO3–PbO system, the Avrami exponent (n) is ∼1, indicating that the reaction is controlled by the phase-boundary-contraction interface reaction. For the BaO2–PbO2 system, n has two values ∼1 and ∼0.3, depending on the reaction temperature and time, indicating that the reaction is either controlled by the phase-boundary-contraction interface reaction or diffusion-controlled reaction. In the Ba nitrate–Pb nitrate system, phase-pure BaPbO3 is obtained at 550 °C, which is 250 °C lower than in the case of the BaCO3–PbO system. The value of n for the nitrate system is ∼1.5, indicating that the reaction is controlled by a three-dimensional (3D) diffusion-controlled nucleation mechanism. In the BaO–PbO system, the formation of BaPbO3 started at 350 °C by an exothermic reaction and the content of BaPbO3 in the product was ∼40 wt%, which is independent of reaction temperature as well as time in the temperature range of 350–500 °C.

Preparation of Foaming Agent by Modification Protein from Pea Meal

2011 ◽  
Vol 396-398 ◽  
pp. 811-816
Author(s):  
Ji Chuan Huo ◽  
Yan Hong Yuan ◽  
Cheng Wang ◽  
Chang Dong Xie
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Optimum Condition ◽  
Optimal Condition ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Foam Stability ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Foaming Agent ◽  
Modification Process ◽  
Protein Foam

Pea meal was used as raw material to prepare protein foam agent. The parameters containing concentration of Ca(OH)2, reaction temperature and time were investigated and optimized by the response surface methodology in the modification process of foam agent. The optimum condition was obtained that the concentration of Ca(OH)2 0.78%, reaction temperature 92°C and 4 hours for extraction time. Under the optimal condition, the maximum forecasting foam stability was 16.2h and the verified value was 16.16h which relative error was 0.25% through confirmative test.

Application of PFSC in Seawater Desalination Pretreatment

2014 ◽  
Vol 945-949 ◽  
pp. 3510-3513 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Cheng ◽  
Si Cheng ◽  
Xiao Fan Cao
Keyword(s):  
Optimal Condition ◽  
Ferric Chloride ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Curing Temperature ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Seawater Desalination ◽  
Turbidity Removal ◽  
Molar Ratios

The optimal condition of polysilicon ferric chloride (PFSC) flocculant was established by thinking of the factors , such as Si/Fe molar ratios,the reaction temperature and the pH value of the solution. When the molar ratio of Si and Fe = 1, pH value = 0.6, curing temperature at 30 ~40 °C, poly ferric chloride dosage of 0.75mg/L, the rate of turbidity removal of seawater is up to 96.5%. Experimental results show that poly ferric chloride seawater turbidity removal effect is obvious.

Nuclear Reactions in Deuterium Titanium

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 134-135
Author(s):  
D.M. Vanderwalker
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Reactions ◽  
Ion Beam ◽  
Exothermic Reaction ◽  
Pure Titanium ◽  
Fundamental Interest ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Iodide Titanium ◽  
A Cell ◽  
After Hours ◽  
Quantity Of Heat

There is a fundamental interest in electrochemical fusion of deuterium in palladium and titanium since its supposed discovery by Fleischmann and Pons. Their calorimetric experiments reveal that a large quantity of heat is released by Pd after hours in a cell, suggesting fusion occurs. They cannot explain fusion by force arguments, nor can it be an exothermic reaction on the formation of deuterides because a smaller quantity of heat is released. This study examines reactions of deuterium in titanium.Both iodide titanium and 99% pure titanium samples were encapsulated in vacuum tubes, annealed for 2h at 800 °C. The Ti foils were charged with deuterium in a D2SO4 D2O solution at a potential of .45V with respect to a calomel reference junction. Samples were ion beam thinned for transmission electron microscopy. The TEM was performed on the JEOL 200CX.The structure of D charged titanium is α-Ti with hexagonal and fee deuterides.

Coke formation on HFAU and HEMT zeolites. Influence of the reaction temperature and propene pressure

1999 ◽  
Vol 96 (2) ◽  
pp. 303-318 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. A. Doka Nassionou ◽  
P. Magnoux ◽  
M. Guisnet
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Coke Formation

The Influence of Reaction Temperature on the Size of the Catalyst Nano-particle and the Carbon Nanotube Diameter Distributions

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enkeleda Dervishi ◽  
Zhongrui Li ◽  
Fumiya Watanabe ◽  
Yang Xu ◽  
Viney Saini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotube ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Nano Particle ◽  
Diameter Distributions

PEMBUATAN SURFAKTAN DARI ASAM OLEAT

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 68
Author(s):  
Puguh Setyopratomo ◽  
Edy Purwanto ◽  
H. Yefrico ◽  
H. Yefrico
Keyword(s):  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Optimum Condition ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Catalyst Concentration ◽  
Acid Number ◽  
Esterification Reaction ◽  
Number Density ◽  
Sample Analysis ◽  
Reaction Conversion ◽  
Glycerol Mono

The synthesis of glycerol mono oleic from oleic acid and glycerol is classified as an esterification reaction. This research is aimed to study the influent of reaction temperature and catalyst concentration on reaction conversion. During the experiment the temperature of reaction mixture was varied as 110 oC, 130 oC, and 150 oC, while the catalyst concentration of 1%, 3 %, and 5% was used. The batch experiment was conducted in a glass reactor equipped with termometer, agitator, and reflux condensor. The oleic acid – glycerol mol ratio of 1 : 2 was used as a mixture feed. To maintain the reaction temperature at certain level, the oil bath was used. After the temperature of reaction mixture was reached the expected value, then H2SO4 catalyst was added to the reactor.  To measure the extent of the reaction, every 30 minutes the sample was drawn out from the reactor vessel. The sample analysis include acid number, density, and viscosity measurement. From this research the optimum condition which is the temperature of reaction of 150 oC and 1% catalyst concentration was obtained. At this optimum condition the convertion reach 86% and the analysis of other physical properties of the product show the acid number of 24.12, the density of 0.922 g/cc, and the viscosity of 118.4 cp.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document