Application of PFSC in Seawater Desalination Pretreatment

2014 ◽  
Vol 945-949 ◽  
pp. 3510-3513 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Cheng ◽  
Si Cheng ◽  
Xiao Fan Cao
Keyword(s):  
Optimal Condition ◽  
Ferric Chloride ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Curing Temperature ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Seawater Desalination ◽  
Turbidity Removal ◽  
Molar Ratios

The optimal condition of polysilicon ferric chloride (PFSC) flocculant was established by thinking of the factors , such as Si/Fe molar ratios,the reaction temperature and the pH value of the solution. When the molar ratio of Si and Fe = 1, pH value = 0.6, curing temperature at 30 ~40 °C, poly ferric chloride dosage of 0.75mg/L, the rate of turbidity removal of seawater is up to 96.5%. Experimental results show that poly ferric chloride seawater turbidity removal effect is obvious.

Application of Ozone in the Treatment of Nitric Oxide from Simulated Flue Gas

2013 ◽  
Vol 838-841 ◽  
pp. 2663-2666
Author(s):  
Xu Jie Lu
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Flue Gas ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
No Removal ◽  
Operating Condition ◽  
Molar Ratios

The objective of this work was to study the effect of some operating condition on the removal of NO from simulated flue gas in the lab-scale agitated bubbling reactor. The experimental results showed that NO removal efficiency went up with the increase in the molar ratios of O3/NO and the NO removal efficiency reached 92% at 3 of molar ratio. It can also be found that the average removal efficiency was slightly affected by the reaction temperature and almost retained over 75%.

scholarly journals Chemical Speciation of Aluminum in Wine by LC–ICP–MS

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 1069 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Karaś ◽  
Anetta Zioła-Frankowska ◽  
Marcin Frankowski
Keyword(s):  
Ph Value ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Speciation Analysis ◽  
Gradient Elution ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Molar Ratios ◽  
Icp Ms ◽  
Chemical Equilibrium Modeling ◽  
First Time

Aluminum is very common in the natural environment and in everyday human life. We are living in the “aluminum age.” Its average daily intake should not exceed a few mg/day. Unfortunately, despite the growing number of alarming data about the toxicity of this element, human exposure to aluminum is constantly increasing. The toxicity and bioavailability of aluminum depends mainly on the form in which it occurs. The main variables conditioning the form are the concentration, the type, the molar ratio of aluminum to ligand, the pH value, and the temperature. This research presents a new method for speciation analysis of both inorganic and organic aluminum complexes in model solutions by LC–ICP–MS. Different solutions with variable pH values and different Al/ligand molar ratios (fluorides and several organic ligands, e.g., citrates and oxalates ions) were used. The chromatographic separation process was carried out based on isocratic and gradient elution, using a cation exchange analytical column. All determinations have been confirmed based on chemical equilibrium modeling programs. The new developed method was successfully applied for the first time in speciation analysis of real samples: white and red wine.

Experimental investigation of nitric oxide removal from flue gas using hexamminecobalt(II) solution scrubbing in a pilot-scale facility

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 505-512 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bing Han ◽  
Qinghai Li ◽  
Zhen Liu ◽  
Zhongchao Tan ◽  
Yanguo Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Experimental Investigation ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Optimal Operation ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
No Removal ◽  
Operation Conditions

An experimental investigation of operational parameters, including liquid/gas ratio (L/G), inlet nitric oxide (NO) concentration, reaction temperature, and pH value of absorbing agent, on NO removal efficiency with hexamminecobalt(II) solution scrubbing was conducted on a pilot-scale facility to search optimal operation conditions. The experimental results show that NO removal efficiency increased with the pH value of hexamminecobalt solution, while the improving rate dropped gradually. When the reaction temperature increased, the NO removal efficiency increased first and then decreased. At the same time, NO removal efficiency increased with the increasing of L/G and hexamminecobalt concentration, while the removal efficiency did not change much at low NO concentration. The pH of 10.4 and L/G of 16 L/m3 were close to the optimal operation conditions, and the scrubbing temperature fell within a reasonable operation temperature. The experimental results can be used as a reference for the design and operation of scaled-up industrial devices.

Evaluation of polyaluminium ferric chloride (PAFC) as a composite coagulant for water and wastewater treatment

2003 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 127-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Gao ◽  
Q. Yue ◽  
J. Miao
Keyword(s):  
Zeta Potential ◽  
Ferric Chloride ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Color Removal ◽  
Petrochemical Plant ◽  
Water And Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Turbidity Removal ◽  
Iron And Steel ◽  
Composite Coagulant

Coal gangue is a kind of waste from coal mine processing. Polyaluminium ferric chloride (PAFC), a new type of inorganic composite coagulant, was prepared by using the waste from the Mineral Bureau of Yanzhou, China, hydrochloric acid and calcium carbonate as raw materials. The relationship between the stability of ferric ion and the ionic strength of solution was investigated. The zeta potential of PAFC hydrolysis products of PAFC and the coagulation performances under different pH value were discussed. The turbidity removal properties of PAFC, polyaluminium (PAC) and polyferric sulfate (PFS) were compared, and the color removal effect of PAFC for the wastewater containing suspended dyes was also tested. In addition, the coagulation performance of PAFC for actual wastewaters from petrochemical plant, iron and steel plant, and coal mining processing was evaluated. The experimental results suggest that PAFC took a maximum value of zeta potential at about pH 5.8 on the positive side. Compared with PAC, PAFC gives better turbidity removal performance in the range of pH from 7.0 to 8.4. PAFC gives good color removal performance on suspension dyes. PAFC also gives good wastewater purifying results for the actual wastewater. Therefore, PAFC is a high-effect and stable water treatment agent.

Synthesis of Benzaldehyde 1, 2-Propanediol Acetal by Using Ionic Liquid [Hmim]HSO4 as Catalyst

2012 ◽  
Vol 550-553 ◽  
pp. 400-403 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xue Nan Sun ◽  
Li Cui ◽  
Tong Kuan Xu ◽  
Da Zhi Wang
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquid ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Product Yield ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Good Catalyst ◽  
Optimal Reaction

Benzaldehyde 1, 2-propanediol acetal was synthesized from benzaldehyde and 1, 2-propanediol in the presence of ionic liquid [HMIM]HSO4. The effect of the amount of catalyst, reaction time, reaction temperature, and the molar ratio of raw materials agent on the product yield was investigated respectively. Experimental results demonstrate that ionic liquid [HMIM]HSO4is a good catalyst for preparation of benzaldehyde 1, 2-propanediol acetal. Results showed the optimal reaction conditions are as follows: the mole ratio of benzaldehyde to 1, 2-propanediol is 1：1.3, the amount of catalyst is 3.0g, the reaction temperature is 343K, and the reaction time is 4h. The achieved yield of acetal is 78. 7%.

Effect of Pre-Polymerization Conditions on the Performance of UF/Low Melting Point Paraffin Microcapsules

2013 ◽  
Vol 321-324 ◽  
pp. 163-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chang Zheng Xin ◽  
Li Na Wang ◽  
Xian Gan Huang ◽  
Zhi Shan Fan
Keyword(s):  
Melting Point ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Storage Capacity ◽  
In Situ Polymerization ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Urea Formaldehyde ◽  
Thermal Storage ◽  
Polymerization Process ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Formaldehyde Resin

The reaction mole ratio of monomers, pH value, reaction temperature and time factors directly affect the properties of urea-formaldehyde resin (UF)/low melting point paraffin wax microcapsules during in situ polymerization process. The effects of these factors on the thermal storage capacity, particle size and distribution were systematically discussed. When the reaction conditions were formaldehyde and urea molar ratio of 1.8:1, the prepolymerization system pH controlled at 8.5, the reaction temperature of 60 °C, the reaction time of 60 min, the synthetic phase change materials microcapsules have good morphology and thermal storage capacity.

scholarly journals Synthesis and electrical properties of silver nanoplates for electronic applications

2015 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 242-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nana Xiong ◽  
Zhili Li ◽  
Hui Xie ◽  
Yuzhen Zhao ◽  
Mei Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Ferric Chloride ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Curing Temperature ◽  
Sintering Behavior ◽  
Conductive Adhesives ◽  
Silver Nanoplates ◽  
Vis Spectroscopy ◽  
Silver Flakes

AbstractIn this paper, silver nanoplates of 100 to 500 nm size were synthesized by reduction of silver nitrate with N,Ndimethylformamide, using poly(vinylpyrolidone) as a surfactant and ferric chloride as a controlling agent, at 120 to 160 °C for 5 to 24 hours. The influence of the concentration of ferric chloride, the reaction temperature and reaction time on the morphology of the product has been investigated by transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and UV-Vis spectroscopy. The results indicated that the products obtained at the low reaction temperature and short reaction time in the presence of FeCl3 in the reaction solution were in the form of silver nanoplates, whose morphology was mainly triangular and hexagonal. In addition, the size and thickness of the nanoplates increased with increasing of the FeCl3 concentration. At a high reaction temperature and long reaction time, the truncated triangle and hexagonal nanoplates were mainly produced. Furthermore, the sintering behavior of nanoplates was studied and the results showed that sintering of the silver nanoplates started at 180 °C, and a typical sintering behavior was observed at higher temperatures. The incorporation of the silver nanoplates into the polymer matrix with micro-sized silver flakes led to an increase in the matrix resistivity in almost all cases, especially at high fractions and low curing temperatures. The curing temperature had an influence on the resistivity of the conductive adhesives filled with micro-sized silver flakes and silver nanoplates due to sintering of the silver nanoplates.

Kerosene Based Magnetic Fluid Used in Magnetic Fluid Inclination Sensor

2011 ◽  
Vol 211-212 ◽  
pp. 411-415 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hai Rong Cui ◽  
Ming Li Sun ◽  
Xue Feng Wang
Keyword(s):  
Saturation Magnetization ◽  
Ferric Chloride ◽  
Magnetic Fluid ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Physical Property ◽  
Nano Particles ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Iron Ion ◽  
Ferrous Chloride ◽  
Magnetic Nano Particles

Kerosene based magnetic fluid which use kerosene as carrier liquid is characterized by better liquidity and higher magnetization which is qualified enough to use in magnetic fluid based inclination sensor. This paper provides several preparative parameters to control the physical property of kerosene based magnetic fluid during manufacture processing which use ferrous chloride and ferric chloride as forerunner reaction mass. The results show that the proper consistency of ferrous chloride and ferric chloride is 0.6mol/L. Secondly, the saturation magnetization of magnetic nano-particles is highest when the molar ratio between trivalent iron ion and bivalent iron ion is equal to 1.75. Thirdly, the proper reacted temperature is between 60~80°C and pH value should be controlled in a weak alkaline situation while six hours should be necessary for surfactant encapsulated enough around the magnetic nano-particles surface. At last, the saturation magnetization of kerosene based magnetic fluid increases with the increment of density and viscosity of magnetic fluid.

Application of Modified Chitosan for Treatment of Silk Degumming Wastewater

2012 ◽  
Vol 441 ◽  
pp. 573-577
Author(s):  
Lei Wang ◽  
Lan Wang ◽  
Jun Xiong Lin ◽  
Duan Ni
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Ammonium Chloride ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Water Solubility ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Optimum Process ◽  
Trimethyl Ammonium Chloride ◽  
Modified Chitosan

Chitosan was modified by 2,3-epoxypropyl trimethyl ammonium chloride (ETA) to prepare 2-hydroxypropyltrimethyl ammonium chloride chitosan (HACC) with good water-solubility. The optimum process of modification was studied. Then the HACC was used as coagulant to treat silk degumming wastewater and recycle sericin. The result showed that the HACC with over 90% degree of substitution had high performance for treating the wastewater, which could be prepared by controlling the reaction temperature at 70°C, molar ratio of ETA to chitosan at 3:1, reaction time for 8 hours and pH at 8. When it was used to treat the degumming wastewater, the optimum treating process was 8 for pH value and 1 g/L of coagulant.

Synthesis and Properties of Waterborne Polyurethane Emulsions Using in Printing Ink

2012 ◽  
Vol 554-556 ◽  
pp. 115-121
Author(s):  
Fei Liang ◽  
Jun Feng Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Water Absorption ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Waterborne Polyurethane ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Toluene Diisocyanate ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Neutral Temperature ◽  
R Value ◽  
Printing Ink

Taking polyether dihydroxy alcohol, toluene diisocyanate (TDI) and dimethylolpr- opionic acid (DMPA) as raw materials, aromatic polyether waterborne polyurethane emulsion was synthesized. And then the effects of isocyanate/macroglycol molar ratio(R value), amount of DMPA, neutral degree and temperature on the properties of emulsion such as appearance, viscosity, water absorption and stability were studied. The experimental results showed that when R value is 2~2.5, amount of DMPA used is 5.0%, reaction temperature is 80°C and neutral temperature is 40°C, the waterborne polyurethane emulsion synthesized meet the requirement of printing ink.

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