Metabolic effects of β, α1, and α2 adrenoceptor activation on brown adipocytes isolated from the perirenal adipose tissue of fetal lambs

Metabolism ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 289-294 ◽  
Author(s):  
John N. Fain ◽  
Nina Mohel ◽  
Michael A. Wallace ◽  
Ira Mills
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Metabolic Effects ◽  
Brown Adipocytes ◽  
Perirenal Adipose Tissue ◽  
Α2 Adrenoceptor

scholarly journals Perirenal Adipose Tissue—Current Knowledge and Future Opportunities

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 1291
Author(s):  
Adriana Grigoraș ◽  
Raluca Anca Balan ◽  
Irina-Draga Căruntu ◽  
Simona Eliza Giușcă ◽  
Ludmila Lozneanu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Tumor Progression ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Inflammatory Cells ◽  
Close Correlation ◽  
Renal Diseases ◽  
Brown Adipocytes ◽  
Perirenal Adipose Tissue ◽  
White Adipocytes ◽  
Visceral Adipose

The perirenal adipose tissue (PRAT), a component of visceral adipose tissue, has been recently recognized as an important factor that contributes to the maintenance of the cardiovascular system and kidney homeostasis. PRAT is a complex microenvironment consisting of a mixture of white adipocytes and dormant and active brown adipocytes, associated with predipocytes, sympathetic nerve endings, vascular structures, and different types of inflammatory cells. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge about PRAT and discuss its role as a major contributing factor in the pathogenesis of hypertension, obesity, chronic renal diseases, and involvement in tumor progression. The new perspectives of PRAT as an endocrine organ and recent knowledge regarding the possible activation of dormant brown adipocytes are nowadays considered as new areas of research in obesity, in close correlation with renal and cardiovascular pathology. Supplementary PRAT complex intervention in tumor progression may reveal new pathways involved in carcinogenesis and, implicitly, may identify additional targets for tailored cancer therapy.

scholarly journals Helminth antigens counteract a rapid high-fat diet-induced decrease in adipose tissue eosinophils

2017 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 245-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan M van den Berg ◽  
Andrea D van Dam ◽  
Pascal J H Kusters ◽  
Linda Beckers ◽  
Myrthe den Toom ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Schistosoma Mansoni ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Metabolic Effects ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Brown Adipocytes ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Study Type

Brown adipose tissue (BAT) activation and white adipose tissue (WAT) beiging can increase energy expenditure and have the potential to reduce obesity and associated diseases. The immune system is a potential target in mediating brown and beige adipocyte activation. Type 2 and anti-inflammatory immune cells contribute to metabolic homeostasis within lean WAT, with a prominent role for eosinophils and interleukin (IL)-4-induced anti-inflammatory macrophages. We determined eosinophil numbers in epididymal WAT (EpAT), subcutaneous WAT (ScAT) and BAT after 1 day, 3 days or 1 week of high-fat diet (HFD) feeding in C57Bl/6 mice. One day of HFD resulted in a rapid drop in eosinophil numbers in EpAT and BAT, and after 3 days, in ScAT. In an attempt to restore this HFD-induced drop in adipose tissue eosinophils, we treated 1-week HFD-fed mice with helminth antigens from Schistosoma mansoni or Trichuris suis and evaluated whether the well-known protective metabolic effects of helminth antigens involves BAT activation or beiging. Indeed, antigens of both helminth species induced high numbers of eosinophils in EpAT, but failed to induce beiging. In ScAT, Schistosoma mansoni antigens induced mild eosinophilia, which was accompanied by slightly more beiging. No effects were observed in BAT. To study type 2 responses on brown adipocytes directly, T37i cells were stimulated with IL-4. This increased Ucp1 expression and strongly induced the production of eosinophil chemoattractant CCL11 (+26-fold), revealing that brown adipocytes themselves can attract eosinophils. Our findings indicate that helminth antigen-induced eosinophilia fails to induce profound beiging of white adipocytes.

Defective metabolic effects of norepinephrine and insulin in obese Zucker rat brown adipose tissue

1990 ◽  
Vol 258 (2) ◽  
pp. E320-E328
Author(s):  
A. Marette ◽  
A. Geloen ◽  
A. Collet ◽  
L. J. Bukowiecki
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Glucose Transport ◽  
Metabolic Effects ◽  
Brown Adipocyte ◽  
Zucker Rats ◽  
Maximal Velocity ◽  
Brown Adipocytes ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Obese Rats

The effects of insulin and norepinephrine on oxygen consumption, lipolysis, and glucose transport were investigated in adipocytes isolated from brown adipose tissue (BAT) of adult (4-5 mo) lean (Fa/?) and obese (fa/fa) Zucker rats. Total BAT protein content and cytochrome oxidase activity were similar in both phenotypes, suggesting that obese rats have a normal mitochondrial content. Light and electron micrographs revealed that brown adipocytes from obese rats contained very large multilocular triglyceride droplets, but their mitochondrial ultrastructure was normal. Norepinephrine, when added in excess (1 microM), stimulated brown adipocyte respiration 8-10 times above basal levels both in lean and obese animals. However, dose-response experiments disclosed that the 50% effective concentration (EC50) was significantly higher in cells isolated from obese rats compared with lean ones (EC50 115 vs. 43 nM, P less than 0.05). The lipolytic sensitivity to norepinephrine was also reduced in adipocytes isolated from obese animals (EC50 83 vs. 12 nM, P less than 0.05). Addition of dibutyryl adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate to respiring obese rat brown adipocytes restored to normal the defective response to norepinephrine, suggesting that the reduction in catecholamine sensitivity resulted from a deactivation of the receptor-adenylate cyclase complex. On the other hand, the antilipolytic and antithermogenic actions of physiological concentrations of insulin were significantly reduced in obese BAT cells. The sensitivity and responsiveness of obese rat brown adipocytes for insulin-stimulated glucose transport were also markedly decreased (EC50 1 vs. 0.3 nM, P less than 0.05; maximal velocity 3-fold vs. 7-fold).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

scholarly journals Effects of dietary roughage on organic pig performance, behaviour and antioxidants accretion in perirenal adipose tissue

2020 ◽  
Vol 241 ◽  
pp. 104255
Author(s):  
I. Argemí-Armengol ◽  
D. Villalba ◽  
Marc Tor ◽  
Juan Ramón Bertolín ◽  
M.A. Latorre ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Perirenal Adipose Tissue ◽  
Pig Performance

Metabolic Effects of Acute Hyperketonaemia in Man before and during An Hyperinsulinaemic Euglycaemic Clamp

1994 ◽  
Vol 86 (6) ◽  
pp. 677-687 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Webber ◽  
E. Simpson ◽  
H. Parkin ◽  
I. A. MacDonald
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Glucose Uptake ◽  
Glucose Oxidation ◽  
Respiratory Exchange Ratio ◽  
Saline Infusion ◽  
Metabolic Effects ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Glucose Storage ◽  
Adipose Tissue Lipolysis ◽  
Subcutaneous Abdominal Adipose Tissue

1. The effects of acutely raising blood ketone body levels to those seen after 72 h of starvation were examined in 10 subjects after an overnight fast. Metabolic rate and respiratory exchange ratio were measured with indirect calorimetry before and during an insulin—glucose clamp. Arteriovenous differences were measured across forearm and subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue. 2. In response to the clamp the respiratory exchange ratio rose from 0.82 to 0.83 during 3-hydroxybutyrate infusion and from 0.83 to 0.94 during control (saline) infusion (P < 0.001). 3. Forearm glucose uptake at the end of the clamp was 4.02 ± 0.95 (3-hydroxybutyrate infusion) and 7.09 ± 1.24 mmol min−1 100 ml−1 forearm (saline infusion). Whole body glucose uptake at the end of the clamp was 72.8 ± 7.9 (3-hydroxybutyrate infusion) and 51.0 ± 3.0 (saline infusion) mmol min−1 kg−1 body weight−1. 4. 3-Hydroxybutyrate infusion reduced the baseline abdominal venous—arterialized venous glycerol difference from 84 ± 28 to 25 ± 12 mmol/l and the non-esterified fatty acid difference from 0.60 ± 0.17 to 0.02 ± 0.09 mmol/l (P < 0.05 versus saline infusion). 5. Hyperketonaemia reduces adipose tissue lipolysis and decreases insulin-mediated forearm glucose uptake. Hyperketonaemia appears to prevent insulin-stimulated glucose oxidation, but does not reduce insulin-mediated glucose storage.

scholarly journals Oestrogen replacement fails to fully revert ovariectomy-induced changes in adipose tissue monoglycerides, diglycerides and cholesteryl esters of rats fed a lard-enriched diet

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Valter Tadeu Boldarine ◽  
Ellen Joyce ◽  
Amanda Paula Pedroso ◽  
Mônica Marques Telles ◽  
Lila Missae Oyama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Neutral Lipids ◽  
Saturated Fat ◽  
Metabolic Effects ◽  
Cholesteryl Esters ◽  
Ovx Rats ◽  
Lipid Species ◽  
Retroperitoneal White Adipose Tissue ◽  
Induced Changes

AbstractMenopause may be accompanied by abdominal obesity and inflammation, conditions accentuated by high-fat intake, especially of saturated fat (SFA)-rich diets. We investigated the consequences of high-SFA intake on the fatty acid (FA) profile of monoglycerides, diglycerides and cholesteryl esters from retroperitoneal white adipose tissue (RET) of rats with ovariectomy-induced menopause, and the effect of oestradiol replacement. Wistar rats were either ovariectomized (Ovx) or sham operated (Sham) and fed either standard chow (C) or lard-enriched diet (L) for 12 weeks. Half of the Ovx rats received 17β-oestradiol replacement (Ovx + E2). Body weight and food intake were measured weekly. RET neutral lipids were chromatographically separated and FAs analysed by gas chromatography. Ovariectomy alone increased body weight, feed efficiency, RET mass, leptin and insulin levels, leptin/adiponectin ratio, HOMA-IR and HOMA-β indexes. OvxC + E2 showed attenuation in nearly all blood markers. HOMA-β index was restored in OvxL + E2. OvxC showed significantly disturbed SFA and polyunsaturated FA (PUFA) profile in RET cholesteryl esters (CE). OvxC also showed increased monounsaturated FA (MUFA) in the monoglyceride diglyceride (Mono–Di) fraction. Similar changes were not observed in OvxL, although increased SFA and decreased PUFA was observed in Mono–Di. Overall, HRT was only partially able to revert changes induced by ovariectomy. There appears to be increased mobilization of essential FA in Ovx via CE, which is a dynamic lipid species. The same results were not found in Mono–Di, which are more inert. HRT may be helpful to preserve FA profile in visceral fat, but possibly not wholly sufficient in reverting the metabolic effects induced by menopause.

Sympathetic Innervation of White Adipose Tissue: to Beige or Not to Beige?

Physiology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 246-255
Author(s):  
Heike Münzberg ◽  
Elizabeth Floyd ◽  
Ji Suk Chang
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
White Adipose Tissue ◽  
Metabolic Regulation ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Sympathetic Innervation ◽  
Neuronal Circuits ◽  
Brown Adipocytes ◽  
White Adipocyte ◽  
Obesity Research ◽  
Neuronal Regulation

Obesity research progresses in understanding neuronal circuits and adipocyte biology to regulate metabolism. However, the interface of neuro-adipocyte interaction is less studied. We summarize the current knowledge of adipose tissue innervation and interaction with adipocytes and emphasize adipocyte transitions from white to brown adipocytes and vice versa. We further highlight emerging concepts for the differential neuronal regulation of brown/beige versus white adipocyte and the interdependence of both for metabolic regulation.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document