Theoretical evaluation of three-dimensional elastic constants of native and regenerated celluloses: role of hydrogen bonds

Polymer ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 32 (8) ◽  
pp. 1516-1526 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kohji Tashiro ◽  
Masamichi Kobayashi
2001 ◽  
Vol 56 (10) ◽  
pp. 1052-1062 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oliver Moers ◽  
Karna Wijaya ◽  
Thomas Hamann ◽  
Armand Blaschette ◽  
Peter G. Jones

In order to study hydrogen bonding networks in ionic crystals, low-temperature X-ray structures were determined for three onium salts of general formula BH+(MeSO2)2N- , where BH+ is 2,6-dimethylpyridinium (1; monoclinic, space group P21/c, Z′ = 1), 1-hydroxypyridinium (2; triclinic, P1̅, Z′ = 1), or imidazolium (3; monoclinic, Cc, Z′ = 1). The asymmetric units consist of cation-anion pairs assembled in 1 and 3 by ordinary N+ - H···N hydrogen bonds, in 2 by a very short N+ - O - H···N- bond belonging to the class (+/-)CAHB [H···O 148(3), O···N 253.5(2) pm, O - H···N 175(3)°]. The second N -H donor of the imidazolium ion is involved in a nearly symmetric N - H (···O)2 three-centre bond to two different anions. In the pyridine derivatives, the (MeSO2 )2N- ions are associated via short C(sp3) - H···O contacts to form a three-dimensional framework of corrugated and cross-linked layers (1) or an assembly of discrete corrugated layers (2). As a common feature, these anion substructures are pervaded by hexagonal channels parallel to x, each one accommodating two stacks of cations that are linked to the channel walls by the unique strong hydrogen bond and a set of short Car - H···O contacts; moreover, cations drawn from adjacent stacks in structure 2 create inversion-symmetric dimers based upon a short Car - H···O(H) - N interaction. In contrast, the structure of 3 displays planar anion layers assembled by short C(sp3 ) - H···O contacts, intercalating the cations with their ring planes perpendicular to the layer planes and binding them by means of the strong hydrogen bonds and three Car -H···O interactions. All C - H···O taken into consideration have normalized parameters d( H···O) ≤ 267 pm and θ(C - H···O) ≥ 121°.


1996 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 27
Author(s):  
Sue Yon Shim ◽  
Ki Joon Sung ◽  
Young Ju Kim ◽  
In Soo Hong ◽  
Myung Soon Kim ◽  
...  

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 40
Author(s):  
Miriam Aparicio

This study tests some hypotheses included in the psycho-social-communicational paradigm, which emphasizes the cognitive effects of the media and the role of the psychosocial subject as the recipient


2020 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ji-Yeon Lee ◽  
Myoung Hee Kim

: HOX genes belong to the highly conserved homeobox superfamily, responsible for the regulation of various cellular processes that control cell homeostasis, from embryogenesis to carcinogenesis. The abnormal expression of HOX genes is observed in various cancers, including breast cancer; they act as oncogenes or as suppressors of cancer, according to context. In this review, we analyze HOX gene expression patterns in breast cancer and examine their relationship, based on the three-dimensional genome structure of the HOX locus. The presence of non-coding RNAs, embedded within the HOX cluster, and the role of these molecules in breast cancer have been reviewed. We further evaluate the characteristic activity of HOX protein in breast cancer and its therapeutic potential.


2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. e239286
Author(s):  
Kumar Nilesh ◽  
Prashant Punde ◽  
Nitin Shivajirao Patil ◽  
Amol Gautam

Ossifying fibroma (OF) is a rare, benign, fibro-osseous lesion of the jawbone characterised by replacement of the normal bone with fibrous tissue. The fibrous tissue shows varying amount of calcified structures resembling bone and/or cementum. The central variant of OF is rare, and shows predilection for mandible among the jawbone. Although it is classified as fibro-osseous lesion, it clinically behaves as a benign tumour and can grow to large size, causing bony swelling and facial asymmetry. This paper reports a case of large central OF of mandible in a 40-year-old male patient. The lesion was treated by segmental resection of mandible. Reconstruction of the surgical defect was done using avascular fibula bone graft. Role of three-dimensional printing of jaw and its benefits in surgical planning and reconstruction are also highlighted.


2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrien Fiorucci ◽  
Romain Ruzziconi

Abstract The gravitational charge algebra of generic asymptotically locally (A)dS spacetimes is derived in n dimensions. The analysis is performed in the Starobinsky/Fefferman-Graham gauge, without assuming any further boundary condition than the minimal falloffs for conformal compactification. In particular, the boundary structure is allowed to fluctuate and plays the role of source yielding some symplectic flux at the boundary. Using the holographic renormalization procedure, the divergences are removed from the symplectic structure, which leads to finite expressions. The charges associated with boundary diffeomorphisms are generically non-vanishing, non-integrable and not conserved, while those associated with boundary Weyl rescalings are non-vanishing only in odd dimensions due to the presence of Weyl anomalies in the dual theory. The charge algebra exhibits a field-dependent 2-cocycle in odd dimensions. When the general framework is restricted to three-dimensional asymptotically AdS spacetimes with Dirichlet boundary conditions, the 2-cocycle reduces to the Brown-Henneaux central extension. The analysis is also specified to leaky boundary conditions in asymptotically locally (A)dS spacetimes that lead to the Λ-BMS asymptotic symmetry group. In the flat limit, the latter contracts into the BMS group in n dimensions.


Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 2001
Author(s):  
Greta Baratti ◽  
Angelo Rizzo ◽  
Maria Elena Miletto Petrazzini ◽  
Valeria Anna Sovrano

Zebrafish spontaneously use distance and directional relationships among three-dimensional extended surfaces to reorient within a rectangular arena. However, they fail to take advantage of either an array of freestanding corners or an array of unequal-length surfaces to search for a no-longer-present goal under a spontaneous cued memory procedure, being unable to use the information supplied by corners and length without some kind of rewarded training. The present study aimed to tease apart the geometric components characterizing a rectangular enclosure under a procedure recruiting the reference memory, thus training zebrafish in fragmented layouts that provided differences in surface distance, corners, and length. Results showed that fish, besides the distance, easily learned to use both corners and length if subjected to a rewarded exit task over time, suggesting that they can represent all the geometrically informative parts of a rectangular arena when consistently exposed to them. Altogether, these findings highlight crucially important issues apropos the employment of different behavioral protocols (spontaneous choice versus training over time) to assess spatial abilities of zebrafish, further paving the way to deepen the role of visual and nonvisual encodings of isolated geometric components in relation to macrostructural boundaries.


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