Effect of soil compaction on growth, yield and root rots of white beans in clay loam and sandy loam soil

1991 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 233-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.C. Tu ◽  
C.S. Tan
Keyword(s):  
Soil Compaction ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Sandy Loam Soil ◽  
Clay Loam ◽  
Root Rots ◽  
Loam Soil

THE EFFECT OF K AND Cl FERTILIZER ADDITIONS ON BARLEY HERBAGE YIELD AND NUTRIENT CONTENT IN UNDISTURBED AND ARTIFICIALLY COMPACTED SOIL CORES

1989 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 729-739
Author(s):  
C. A. GRANT
Keyword(s):  
Soil Compaction ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Soil Disturbance ◽  
Sandy Loam Soil ◽  
Soil Cores ◽  
Clay Loam ◽  
Clay Loam Soil ◽  
Disturbed Soil ◽  
Zn Content ◽  
Loam Soil

Disturbed soil cores, at two bulk densities, and undisturbed soil cores were collected from two fields which had been maintained under reduced tillage management. Dry matter yield of growth chamber-grown barley in the disturbed soil cores was equal to or lower than that produced in the undisturbed cores but was unaffected by degree of soil compaction. Increase in dry matter yield in response to K or Cl fertilization was greater in disturbed than undisturbed soils. Compaction did not generally influence response to KCl fertilization. Soil disturbance did not consistently influence concentration of N, K or Cl in barley tissue. Tissue content of Zn was increased by soil disturbance in the clay loam soil and decreased by soil disturbance in the sandy loam soil. Compaction did not influence tissue content of N or Cl. Compaction did not influence K content of plants grown on the clay loam soil, which initially had high levels of plant-available K, but reduced K content of plants grown on K-deficient sandy loam soil. Increased compaction also reduced the Zn content of plants in the sandy loam soil but increased Zn content of plants in the clay loam soil. Application of KCl or CaCl2 increased Cl content of barley tissue and tended to reduce the N content of the tissue, particularly in the clay loam soil. Application of KCl or KNO3 increased K concentration in barley tissue grown on the K-deficient sandy loam soil but not on the higher K clay loam soil.Key words: Potassium, chloride, zinc, compaction, bulk density, barley

Leaching and mobility of carbofuran from granular and alginate controlled release formulations

2000 ◽  
Vol 134 (4) ◽  
pp. 405-412 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. S. MAREI ◽  
H. R. SOLTAN ◽  
A. MOUSA ◽  
A. KHAMIS
Keyword(s):  
Controlled Release ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Soil Column ◽  
Sandy Loam Soil ◽  
Flooded Soil ◽  
Clay Loam ◽  
Sandy Clay Loam ◽  
Sandy Clay ◽  
Controlled Release Formulations ◽  
Loam Soil

Controlled release (CR) formulations can significantly influence the fate of carbofuran in the environment. The influence of three alginate-encapsulated CR formulations compared with the granular formulation (G10%) on the mobility of carbofuran in sandy clay loam soil and sandy loam soil was investigated. In flooded soil the leaching potential of the three alginate controlled release formulations tested was decreased more than nine times (not more than 3%) compared with the G10% (28%). Most of the released carbofuran was confined to the top 0–5 cm of the soil column followed by the second 5–10 cm layer and the least was found in the fourth section (15–20 cm). The data obtained for a sandy loam soil irrigated by drip irrigation showed that the greatest proportion of carbofuran leached through the columns was from the G10% (52%) compared with 3–4% from CR formulations over a 30-day period. The carbofuran concentrations found in different soil depths showed similar trends to those for the flooded soil. Based on the residue levels recorded within the 20 cm depth, the relative retention ratio of carbofuran in sandy clay loam versus sandy loam soil was 1·2[ratio ]1 for the controlled release formulations and 1·9[ratio ]1 for the G10%.

Acetylene reduction by non-symbiotic bacteria in artificial soil aggregates amended with glucose

1974 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 877-881 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. I. Mayfield ◽  
R. L. Aldworth
Keyword(s):  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Soil Aggregates ◽  
Peripheral Zone ◽  
Sandy Loam Soil ◽  
Artificial Soil ◽  
Clay Loam ◽  
Sandy Clay Loam ◽  
Sandy Clay ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
Soil Activity

The C2H2-reduction assay was used to study the activity of non-symbiotic N2-fixing bacteria in glucose-amended artificial soil aggregates prepared from a sandy clay loam and a sandy loam soil. Anaerobic incubation under nitrogen resulted in significantly higher rates and greater total quantities of C2H2 reduction than did incubation in air. In the sandy clay loam soil activity under both incubation conditions was due to anaerobic N2-fixing bacteria, whereas in the sandy loam soil aerobic N2-fixing bacteria also proliferated in the aggregates. Direct observation of sectioned aggregates by fluorescence microscopy showed that peripheral zone 1 mm thick sup ported the growth of aerobic microorganisms. The anaerobic microsites in the interior of the aggregates were well protected since disruption procedures involving vigorous shaking with aerated water were required to allow O2 to penetrate and inhibit the anaerobic activity.

Effect of Commonly used Turfgrass Herbicides on Bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon) Root Growth

Weed Science ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 641-647 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frederick M. Fishel ◽  
G. Euel Coats
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Sandy Loam Soil ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Clay Loam ◽  
Soil Layers ◽  
Sandy Clay Loam ◽  
Fine Sandy Loam ◽  
Sandy Clay ◽  
Loam Soil

Experiments were conducted in 1990 and 1991 to determine bioavailability of PRE herbicides at three soil profile depths and two soil types in established common bermudagrass sods. Prodiamine and oryzalin reduced ‘Tifgreen’ bermudagrass root growth in the 5- to 7.5-cm layer of a Bosket very fine sandy loam soil at 2 and 4 wk after treatment in 1991. These herbicides decreased bermudagrass root weight in both the Bosket and Marietta sandy clay loam both years in samples taken from the 2.5- to 5-cm depth layer. In the 0- to 2.5-cm soil layer, all herbicides reduced root weight in 1990. In a bioassay, prodiamine caused decreased Tifgreen bermudagrass root growth at concentrations as low as 4 ppb by wt in the very fine sandy loam soil, while 8 ppb was necessary in the sandy clay loam soil. Prodiamine was detected in the very fine sandy loam at 4 wk after treatment at all depths in 1991 (65, 45, and 39 ppb in the 0- to 2.5-, 2.5- to 5-, and 5- to 7.5-cm soil layers, respectively). Oryzalin was also detected at all depths in 1991 when sampled at 2 and 4 wk after treatment in the very fine sandy loam. Pendimethalin was present in concentrations of 38, 39, and 37 ppb in the sandy clay loam at 2 wk after treatment in the 0- to 2.5-, 2.5- to 5-, and the 5- to 7.5-cm soil layers, respectively. Pendimethalin was also detected in the very fine sandy loam at 2 wk after treatment at concentrations of 55, 69, and 36 ppb in the 0- to 2.5-, 2.5- to 5-, and 5- to 7.5-cm soil layers, respectively.

Persistence of Chlorsulfuron and BAY SMY 1500 in Air Dry Soil at Room Temperature

1993 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-32
Author(s):  
Birhanu Kinfe ◽  
Thomas F. Peeper
Keyword(s):  
Room Temperature ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Sandy Loam Soil ◽  
Clay Loam ◽  
Clay Loam Soil ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
Dry Soil

Persistence of BAY SMY 1500 and chlorsulfuron during storage for 0 to 6 mo at room temperature in air-dry clay loam soil with pH 7.6 and sandy loam soil with pH 6.6 was determined with conventional wheat bioassay procedures. BAY SMY 1500 had predicted half-lives greater than 6 mo in both soils. Half-lives of chlorsulfuron were 6.0 and 3.2 mo in the clay loam soil and sandy loam soil, respectively.

scholarly journals Early potato cultivation using synthetic and biodegradable covers

2019 ◽  
Vol 65 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 97-103
Author(s):  
Marek Kołodziejczyk ◽  
Andrzej Oleksy ◽  
Bogdan Kulig ◽  
Andrzej Lepiarczyk
Keyword(s):  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Synthetic Polymers ◽  
Woven Fabrics ◽  
Sandy Loam Soil ◽  
Silty Clay ◽  
Clay Loam ◽  
Clay Loam Soil ◽  
Silty Clay Loam ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
Full Maturity

The cultivation of plants under the covers made of synthetic polymers brings many benefits, however, it is associated with the need to utilize or recycle these materials after the period of their use. Such problems are not caused by the covers made of natural polymers. The aim of the study carried out in the years 2013–2014 was to determine an effect of covers made of biopolymers and synthetic polymers on thermal conditions and potato yield. Field study was carried out under sandy loam and silty clay loam soils conditions. The temperature of silty clay loam soil under the covers was on average by 2.9°C higher than in the unprotected area, whereas sandy loam soil had the temperature higher by 2.5°C under biodegradable foil and by 2.7°C under standard foil. Temperature increase under non-woven fabrics was lower than under foils. The highest increase in marketable tuber yield after 40 days from emergence and in full maturity of potato plants was found after at application of standard non-woven fabric P17 (7.2 and 7.4 t/ha, respectively) and the lowest, i.e., 3.0 and 3.4 t/ha, respectively, under biodegradable foil. Cover type had no effect on the number of tubers formed on the first harvest date, whereas a significantly higher number of tubers was recorded in the full maturity of plants in the year characterized by a longer growing period of potato under non-woven P17 on sandy loam soil, and under biodegradable foil on silty clay loam soil conditions. A significant influence of cover on the average tuber weight on the first harvest date was found only on sandy loam soil under non-woven fabrics in 2013, as compared to full maturity of plants under biodegradable covers on sandy loam soil in 2013 and on silty clay loam soil under all covers in 2014.

Dissipation and Leaching of Pyroxasulfone andS-Metolachlor

2014 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 72-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric P. Westra ◽  
Dale L. Shaner ◽  
Philip H. Westra ◽  
Phillip L. Chapman
Keyword(s):  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Sandy Loam Soil ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Clay Loam ◽  
Clay Loam Soil ◽  
Fine Sandy Loam ◽  
Northern Colorado ◽  
Fine Clay ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
Dry Soil

Pyroxasulfone dissipation and mobility in the soil was evaluated and compared toS-metolachlor in 2009 and 2010 at two field sites in northern Colorado, on a Nunn fine clay loam, and Olney fine sandy loam soil. Pyroxasulfone dissipation half-life (DT50) values varied from 47 to 134 d, and those ofS-metolachlor ranged from 39 to 63 d. Between years, herbicide DT50values were similar under the Nunn fine clay loam soil. Under the Olney fine sandy loam soil, dissipation in 2009 was minimal under dry soil conditions. In 2010, under the Olney fine sandy loam soil,S-metolachlor and pyroxasulfone had half-lives of 39 and 47 d, respectively, but dissipation rates appeared to be influenced by movement of herbicides below 30 cm. Herbicide mobility was dependent on site-year conditions, in all site-years pyroxasulfone moved further downward in the soil profile compared toS-metolachlor.

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