5-HT2A serotonin receptors in the brain of rats and mice hereditarily predisposed to catalepsy

1995 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 383-387 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Kulikov
Keyword(s):  
Serotonin Receptors ◽  
Rats And Mice ◽  
The Brain

Substituted N,N-Dimethyl-3-(phenylthio)- and -4-(phenylthio)benzylamines

1992 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 194-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karel Šindelář ◽  
Vojtěch Kmoníček ◽  
Marta Hrubantová ◽  
Zdeněk Polívka
Keyword(s):  
Serotonin Receptors ◽  
Hydrobromic Acid ◽  
Antidepressant Activity ◽  
Benzoic Acids ◽  
Lithium Aluminium Hydride ◽  
Acid Chlorides ◽  
Activity Inhibition ◽  
Lithium Aluminium ◽  
The Brain

(Arylthio)benzoic acids IIa - IIe and VIb - VId were transformed via the acid chlorides to the N,N-dimethylamides which were reduced either with diborane "in situ" or with lithium aluminium hydride to N,N-dimethyl-(arylthio)benzylamines Ia - Ie and Vb - Vd. Leuckart reaction of the aldehydes IX and X with dimethylformamide and formic acid afforded directly the amines Va and Ve. Demethylation of the methoxy compounds Ia and Ve with hydrobromic acid resulted in the phenolic amines If and Vf. The most interesting N,N-dimethyl-4-(phenylthio)benzylamine (Va) hydrochloride showed affinity to cholinergic and 5-HT2 serotonin receptors in the rat brain and some properties considered indicative of antidepressant activity (inhibition of serotonin re-uptake in the brain and potentiation of yohimbine toxicity in mice).

Regulation of Serotonin Receptors and Responsiveness in the Brain

1988 ◽  
pp. 319-362 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan Frazer ◽  
Steve J. Offord ◽  
Irwin Lucki
Keyword(s):  
Serotonin Receptors ◽  
The Brain

scholarly journals Orexin receptor blockers: A tool for lowering alcohol intake and alcohol addictive behavior in the light of preclinical studies

2021 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 959-969
Author(s):  
Kamila Czora-Poczwardowska ◽  
Radosław Kujawski ◽  
Julia Słyńko-Krzyżostaniak ◽  
Przemysław Ł. Mikołajczak ◽  
Michał Szulc
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Intake ◽  
Selective Reduction ◽  
Optimization Methods ◽  
Sugar Solution ◽  
Behavioral Studies ◽  
Potential Efficacy ◽  
Bioactive Ligands ◽  
Receptor Blockers ◽  
Rats And Mice ◽  
The Brain

Abstract Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is a severe and globally widespread neurological and psychiatric problem. The treatment with currently used drugs often does not bring the expected effect. New optimization methods or directions in pharmacotherapy are still being sought. The group of bioactive ligands, targeted at neuropeptides called orexins (OXs) and their receptors (OXRs), affects a number of functions including ingestion, sleep-wake regulation, as well as the brain reward system which is the basis of addiction. The purpose of this paper is to systematize the knowledge in the field of preclinical behavioral studies on rodents (rats and mice) in several models of alcohol consumption using the OXRs antagonists. The results of the experiments indicated a potential efficacy of particular OXRs antagonists in the AUD treatment, especially those selectively blocking the OX1R. Among them, SB-334867 in the lowest effective dose of 3 mg/kg i.p. was most studied, as shown in the model of two-bottle choice using C57BL/6 mice. Moreover, this compound did not affect the reduction of cognitive functions. GSK1059865 was also involved in the selective reduction of ethanol intake, and simultaneously did not alter the consumption of sugar solution. The other group of selective OX2R antagonists, such as TCS-OX2-29 and LSN2424100, was less efficient. In summary, the OX1R antagonists proved to have the potential in AUD therapy, not only through the reduction of ethanol consumption but also in the treatment of coexisting behavioral and physiological disorders, such as insomnia and anxiety.

Expression Patterns of Serotonin Receptors 1А and 7 in the Brain of Rats with Genetically Determined Fear-Induced Aggressive Behavior or the Lack of Aggression

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 180-186
Author(s):  
T. V. Ilchibaeva ◽  
A. S. Tsybko ◽  
E. M. Kondaurova ◽  
A. I. Kovetskaya ◽  
R. V. Kozhemyakina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aggressive Behavior ◽  
Serotonin Receptors ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Genetically Determined ◽  
The Brain

Tissue cyst tropism in Toxoplasma gondii: a comparison of tissue cyst formation in organs of cats, and rodents fed oocysts

Parasitology ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 115 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. P. DUBEY
Keyword(s):  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Cyst Formation ◽  
Tissue Cyst ◽  
Intermediate Hosts ◽  
Mesenteric Lymph Nodes ◽  
Marked Contrast ◽  
Mesenteric Lymph ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Rats And Mice ◽  
The Brain

The persistence of Toxoplasma gondii tissue cysts in organs of cats (definitive host) and rodents (intermediate hosts) was studied. Nine cats, 12 rats, and 12 mice were fed T. gondii oocysts and their organs were digested in pepsin and then bioassayed for bradyzoites in mice. Of 9 cats killed 37 or 51 days after feeding 102 (2 cats), 103 (3 cats) or 104 (4 cats) oocysts of the VEG strain, tissue cysts were found in each cat; in the tongue of 9, in the heart of 5, in the brain of 4, and in the eyes of 1 cat. The dose had no effect on the distribution of tissue cysts in cats. Twelve rats were each fed 105 oocysts of the VEG strain of T. gondii and killed 21, 29, 64 or 237 days later. At each time-period, 11 tissues of 3 rats were pooled and bioassayed in mice. Tissue cysts were found in the brain, skeletal muscle, heart and kidneys of rats at each killing time; in the lungs, intestines, and mesenteric lymph nodes in 3 of 4 instances; in the tongue, liver, and eyes in 2 instances and in the spleen in 1 instance. Also, using the same procedures and sampling the same 11 tissues as used for rats, tissue cysts were seen in all organs except in the tongue and liver of 3 mice killed on day 82 after feeding the VEG strain. In 9 mice (3 with each strain) fed oocysts of the ME-49, GT-1, or P89 T. gondii strain and killed 62–130 days later, tissue cysts were found consistently only in the brain. Thus, in rats and mice, most tissue cysts were found in the brain and rarely in the tongue. This was in marked contrast to the distribution of tissue cysts in cats.

scholarly journals Two-Photon Microscopy as a Tool to Study Blood Flow and Neurovascular Coupling in the Rodent Brain

2012 ◽  
Vol 32 (7) ◽  
pp. 1277-1309 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andy Y Shih ◽  
Jonathan D Driscoll ◽  
Patrick J Drew ◽  
Nozomi Nishimura ◽  
Chris B Schaffer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Vascular System ◽  
Neurovascular Coupling ◽  
Laser Scanning Microscopy ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Two Photon Microscopy ◽  
Two Photon ◽  
Rats And Mice ◽  
The Brain

The cerebral vascular system services the constant demand for energy during neuronal activity in the brain. Attempts to delineate the logic of neurovascular coupling have been greatly aided by the advent of two-photon laser scanning microscopy to image both blood flow and the activity of individual cells below the surface of the brain. Here we provide a technical guide to imaging cerebral blood flow in rodents. We describe in detail the surgical procedures required to generate cranial windows for optical access to the cortex of both rats and mice and the use of two-photon microscopy to accurately measure blood flow in individual cortical vessels concurrent with local cellular activity. We further provide examples on how these techniques can be applied to the study of local blood flow regulation and vascular pathologies such as small-scale stroke.

scholarly journals Clinical potential of psilocybin as a treatment for mental health conditions

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeremy Daniel ◽  
Margaret Haberman
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Serotonin Receptors ◽  
Alcohol Use Disorder ◽  
Health Conditions ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Tobacco Use Disorder ◽  
Disease States ◽  
Clinical Potential ◽  
The Brain

Abstract Psilocybin, a classic hallucinogen, is a chemical produced by more than 100 species of mushrooms worldwide. It has high affinity for several serotonin receptors, including 5-HT1A, 5-HT2A, and 5-HT2C, located in numerous areas of the brain, including the cerebral cortex and thalamus. With legislation introduced in 1992, more work is being done to further understand the implications of psilocybin use in a number of disease states. Certain mental health disease states and symptoms have been studied, including depressed mood, anxiety disorders, obsessive-compulsive disorder, alcohol use disorder, and tobacco use disorder. This article provides an in-depth review of the study design and results of psilocybin in each of these conditions and discusses the clinical potential for use.

scholarly journals Study of troponin, creatine kinase biomarkers, and histopathological lesions in experimental Nerium oleander toxicity in rats and mice

2018 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monireh Khordadmehr ◽  
Saeed Nazifi
Keyword(s):  
Creatine Kinase ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Inflammatory Cells ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Nerium Oleander ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Histopathological Lesions ◽  
Control Serum ◽  
Rats And Mice ◽  
The Brain

AbstractIntroductionNerium oleander is a plant of the Apocynaceae family toxic to humans, animals, and insects. This study was performed to determine the cardiac and neurotoxicity of the plant extract by oral administration in Wistar rats and Balb/c mice and to compare the susceptibility of these animal models to oleander toxicity.Material and MethodsFour groups of eight mice and eight rats received N. oleander extract orally while a fifth group was the control. Serum concentrations of the biochemical toxicity indicators, namely troponin and creatine kinase (CK), were determined and histopathological evaluation of the heart and brain was performed.ResultsIn mice, CK and troponin concentrations were respectively 1.5 and 7 times higher than in the control group (P < 0.05), while in rats, they were 6–7 and 11 times higher. Hyperaemia, haemorrhage, and myofibrolysis, without infiltration of inflammatory cells, were observed in the heart. In the brain the authors observed hyperaemia associated with perivascular and perineuronal oedema, and in higher-dosed rats multifocal haemorrhagic and liquefactive necrotic lesions.ConclusionOleander can affect serum levels of CK and troponin due to nervous and cardiac injuries. Rats showed more severe changes in the biochemical indicators and histopathological lesions than mice. Therefore, biochemical and pathological findings indicate that Wistar rats are more susceptible to the cardiac toxicity and neurotoxicity effects of N. oleander poisoning than Balb/c mice.

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