Thermal degradation of mixed plastic waste to aromatics and gas

1996 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 189-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Kaminsky ◽  
B. Schlesselmann ◽  
C.M. Simon
2013 ◽  
Vol 465-466 ◽  
pp. 932-936 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.I.T. Noor Hasanah ◽  
Devapriya Chitral Wijeyesekera ◽  
A.J.M.S. Lim ◽  
B. Ismail

Plastic waste is a current major environmental concerns leading to long-term hazards. Recycling concept is the best practice to minimise the amount of plastic waste in the environment. This initiative promotes development of sustainable technology. Recently, plastics are gaining more recognition in construction field and are being applied widely due to its improved performance, versatility, durability and lightweight. In this study, the use of recycled polypropylene (rPP) and recycled high density polyethylene (rHDPE) as an alternative material for construction are investigated. The thermal degradation and mechanical properties were studied using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and tensile testing method respectively. TGA analysis conducted on recycled and virgin PP and HDPE showed that they have a stable composition. Moreover, TGA was also done to compare recycled and virgin material to assess the degradation process with respect to the total weight loss of samples. The results obtained indicate that the composition of rPP gives higher tensile strength. 100% rPP/rHDPE blend gave the best performance in mechanical properties and have a lower degradation temperature which are requirements for the sintering process necessary in this research study, to produce new lightweight product.


Author(s):  
Douglas Da Silva Vallada ◽  
Carlos Alberto Mendes Moraes ◽  
Paulo Ricardo Santos da Silva

Thermoplastics are increasingly present in the daily life of society in the most varied applications. Among the thermoplastics, polyethylene is the one that presents the higher volume of worldwide production and consumption. However, a large part of its applications are for products with a short shelf life, especially the food packaging sector. This way, they become expressive constituents in the composition of urban solid waste, leading to large quantities often being deposited in landfills. Pyrolysis appears as a technology for recycling plastic waste, allowing the recovery of the monomers that originated it. Through this thermochemical process, the waste is converted into three different products: oil or, in some cases wax, non-condensable gases, and a solid fraction named char. Thus, the goal of this study is to contribute for the development of pyrolysis as a technology for the final treatment of low-density polyethylene (LDPE) and linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE) waste from post-consumer packaging, through the analysis of the influence of the pyrolysis temperature in the chemical composition of the oil produced, as well as the discussion of possible applications. For this purpose, the waste was initially characterized through analyses of attenuated total reflectance Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), thermogravimetry (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and X-ray fluorescence (XRF). The characterization experiments showed that the plastic waste is constituted of 4.07% ash, 0.52% fixed carbon, and 95.54% volatile matter, showing its great potential to produce pyrolytic oil. Thermal degradation of the waste initiated at around 410°C and continued through about 530°C, with maximum rate of thermal degradation at about 488°C. The pyrolysis process was carried out with 50g samples of post-consumer LDPE and LLDPE, previously agglutinated, with particle size ranging from 0.001mm to 4mm, in a horizontal quartz reactor, with an inert atmosphere of N2, heating rate of 10°C/min, and residence time of 30 minutes. The experiments were conducted with experimental temperatures of 500°C and 700°C, in order to verify the influence of the temperature in the chemical composition of the oil obtained in the process. The analysis of the oil collected at 500°C by infrared spectroscopy revealed a specter similar to the one of commercial diesel. Through gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry, it was verified a composition constituted mostly by olefins (44%), from 8 to 35 carbon atoms, followed by paraffins (23.8%), and cycloparaffins (10%). There was also a considerable percentage of alpha-olefins, important for the petrochemical industry, and a percentage of aromatic compounds on a trace level. By varying the temperature to 700°C, an increase in the level of aromatic compounds to 16.6% occurred, accompanied by a decrease in the percentage of olefins, paraffins, and cycloparaffins. The oils obtained in both temperatures have potential for application in steam cracking or conventional catalytic cracking processes to obtain the raw materials of the petrochemical industry.


2018 ◽  
Vol 136 ◽  
pp. 132-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linbo Qin ◽  
Jun Han ◽  
Bo Zhao ◽  
Yu Wang ◽  
Wangsheng Chen ◽  
...  

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-67
Author(s):  
Jatmiko Wahyudi ◽  
Hermain Teguh Prayitno ◽  
Arieyanti Dwi Astuti

ENGLISHThe amount of waste generation continued to increase in Indonesia due to economic development and population growth. In addition, the diversity of solid waste becomes another problem since products made from plastics became widely used and were discarded in large amounts. Plastic waste can be converted into fuel through pirolisis in order to reduce the amount of plastic waste as well as to produce alternative fuel. Pyrolysis is a process of thermal degradation in the absence of oxygen. The objective of this study is to investigate and to compare the performace of fuel produced by pyrolisys, kerosene and diesel oil. The performance of those fuels is investigated in 4 parameters including density, burning time, temperature of water and the volume of water evaporated. The result of this study are 1) the density 0.8 g/ml; burning time 4.02 minutes; water temperature 75°C and water evaporated 12.6 ml. 2) Compared to kerosene and diesel oil, the quality of the fuel is lower than kerosene and higher than diesel oil in all parameters. INDONESIAPertumbuhan penduduk dan ekonomi menyebabkan terjadinya peningkatan produksi sampah khususnya sampah plastik. Pirolisis merupakan proses perekahan atau pemecahan rantai polimer menjadi senyawa yang lebih sederhana melalui proses thermal (pemanasan/pembakaran) dengan tanpa maupun sedikit oksigen. Sampah plastik bisa diurai dan diubah menjadi bahan bakar yang memiliki nilai kalor yang tinggi melalui proses pirolisis. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan membandingkan kemampuan minyak hasil pirolisis plastik dengan minyak tanah dan solar dalam hal massa jenis, lama pembakaran, temperatur air dan volume air yang hilang (menguap) saat dimasak menggunakan minyak tersebut. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa 1) massa jenis minyak pirolisis adalah 0,8 g/ml. Waktu yang dibutuhkan untuk membakar habis suatu benda adalah 4,02 menit. Pemasakan air menggunakan bahan bakar minyak pirolisis menghasilkan temperatur 75°C pada waktu pemasakan 4 menit dengan volume air yang hilang (menguap) sebesar 12,6 ml. 2) Dari 4 parameter yang diamati, kualitas minyak pirolisis berada di bawah minyak tanah namun di atas minyak solar.


2012 ◽  
Vol 91 (7) ◽  
pp. 1281-1288 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meshari AL-Harbi ◽  
Ahmad Alshaiban ◽  
Mohamed F. Yassin ◽  
Abdirashid Elmi

1981 ◽  
Vol 42 (C1) ◽  
pp. C1-301-C1-307
Author(s):  
I. T. Ritchie ◽  
J. Spitz
Keyword(s):  

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