Cultural Aspects of Disposable Diaper Waste and Sanitary Napkins in Indonesia

The cultural aspect of managing disposable diapers and sanitary napkins in Indonesia is very important. The purpose of this study was to obtain an overview of the cultural aspects of the waste management process. The method used literature review. The data analysis used thematic analysis. The articles obtained from the selection were 18 titles. The results of the review show that the culture that is most discussed in the issue of disposable diapers and sanitary napkin waste management is the culture of industrial society, then Javanese society, and the last one is colonial. Culture is discussed in the realm of practice and reasons for use as well as practices and reasons for waste management. Things that need to be deepened are culture in the form of (1) cultural engineering and cultural environment and (2) the realm of the impact of using and managing disposable diapers and sanitary napkins. Another suggestion is to expand database searches and perform SLRs for more detailed results.

Disposable diapers problem and its regulations in Mexico

Disposable diapers are the modern solution to keep babies' skin dry and clean since they are efficient, a single diaper can keep a baby clean and dry for up to eight hours and they are effective due to the manufacturing materials that are waterproof, flexible, resistant and highly absorbent. While these are advantages to the layered design of the disposable diaper, they become barriers that prevent degradation. In Mexico, 14% of the solid waste generated corresponds to this waste. In the present work, a systematic and exhaustive review is made of the trends, regulations, and regulations that govern the commercialization and possible improvements to the disposable diaper considered a product whose usability is highly accepted and disseminated. The foregoing to prospect the development of this product and orient it towards a more sustainable future to manage the relevant innovations and changes in the regulations that correspond to disposable diapers in the framework of development: social, economic, and environmental that raises the 2030 agenda.

Characterisation Study of Various Disposable Diaper Brands

Seven disposable diaper brands that are commonly used in Clermont, Kwa-Zulu Natal (South Africa) and some frequently found along river bodies (due to illegal dumping) were characterised through proximate analysis, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), ultimate analysis and analytical pyrolysis–gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (Py–GC/MS). A novel approach entailing separation of the diapers into two fractions, interior (constituting mainly biomass fibres) and exterior (mainly constituting non-biomass polyethylene), assisted in assessing thermochemical conversion of the disposable diaper’s potential as well as likely threats to the environment. In a comparison of the volatile matter between the two fractions, the exterior fraction is more combustible (due to a higher volatile fraction). Hence, it is more suitable for energy recovery. The present study investigates the use of pyrolysis to manage disposable diapers to potentially recover pyro-oil, pyro-gas and pyro-char. In this primary investigation, it was observed that each disposable diaper brand reacts differently to constant heating. However, the proximate and elemental analysis also highlights the likely negative environmental threats, such as that the high volatile content can potentially release dangerous permanent gases such as chlorine and cobalt into the atmosphere after the diaper is disposed of illegally and in landfill.

THERMAL CHARACTERISATION STUDY OF TWO DISPOSABLE DIAPER BRANDS

Disposable diapers have become a prominent feature of solid waste dumped in landfills. It is estimated that disposable diapers take anywhere between 300 to 500 years to decompose. Despite the associated environmental challenges, a plethora of studies show that disposable diapers have become a popular choice for parents when compared with cloth diapers. Disposable diapers are argued to be more convenient for parents because of their once-off use and super-absorbent ability, of which they are able to absorb 200-300 times the weight as compared to the cloth diapers. This study investigates thermal devolatilisation profiles of disposable diapers as well as their iso-conventional kinetic parameters, elemental and fractional composition. In this study, the two most dominant disposable diaper brands were sampled and analysed qualitatively and quantitatively. It was observed that the exterior fraction of both diapers showed a single peak devolatilisation at a temperature of around 500°C, while the interior fraction showed two distinctive devolatilisation peaks observed below 400°C and above 500°C. However, the pyrolysis heating rate produced no effect on the pyro-char fraction. Furthermore, the devolatilisation pathways of different types of disposable diaper fractions showed that there is a potential for conducting stepwise pyrolysis to promote fractional recovery of valuable products. Disposable diapers waste conversion can be better handled by separating the outer fraction (mainly fossil-based plastics and rubbery materials) from the inner fraction (mainly bio-based fibers and absorbents). It is further illustrated that the kinetic parameters, Ea and k0 are different for each disposable diaper fraction.

PEMBERDAYAAN ANGGOTA ‘AISYIYAH SE-DAERAH ISTIMEWA YOGYAKARTA DALAM PENGOLAHAN DIAPER BEKAS SEBAGAI CAMPURAN MEDIA TANAM

Ratusan diaper atau popok sekali pakai bekas memenuhi sungai-sungai yang melintasi Provinsi DI. Yogyakarta (Tribun Jogya, 2018). Permasalahan tersebut memerlukan penyelesaian bersama dimulai dari sumber sampah di tingkat rumah tangga. Tujuan pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini adalah memberikan edukasi dan pelatihan kepada anggota Aisyiyah DI.Yogyakarta dalam mengelola diaper bekas menjadi bahan campuran media tanam. Kegiatan ini diikuti oleh 25 orang pengurus Lembaga Lingkungan Hidup dan Penanggulangan Bencana (LLHPB) Aisyiyah dimana sebagian besar peserta adalah pengurus bank sampah yang tersebar di Provinsi DIY dan belum pernah mendapatkan pelatihan serupa. Hasil kegiatan ini adalah terjadi peningkatan pengetahuan dan keterampilan dari peserta dalam mengelola diaper bekas menjadi campuran media tanam untuk pertumbuhan tanaman tomat. Melalui pelatihan ini peserta yang sebagian besar pengurus bank sampah dapat saling mengajarkan kepada warga RW atau warga desa binaannya di area DIY sehingga jumlah sampah diaper di sungai-sungai dapat berkurang dan langsung terolah di tingkat rumah tangga. Kata kunci: Diaper, Hidrogel, Media tanam ABSTRACT Hundreds of used disposable diapers are wasted in rivers that pass through the DI. Yogyakarta Province (Tribun Jogya, 2018). This problem has to be solved together starting from the source of waste, which is household level. The aim of community service activity is to provide education and training to members of Aisyiyahin DI.Yogyakarta managing used disposable diaper as a mixture of planting media. This activity was attended by 25 members of Lembaga Lingkungan Hidup dan Penanggulangan Bencana (LLHPB) ‘AisyiyahDI. Yogyakarta, where most of the participants were Bank Sampah administrators and had never received similar training. After this training was completed, there was an increase in knowledge and skills of the participants for manage hydrogel became mixed-planting media to growup Tomato plants. Through this training, participants who are mostly Bank Sampahadministrators can interact with local residents or their target’s villager to make the amount of diaper waste in the DIY’s river can be reduced and immediately processed at the household level. Keywords: Diapers, Hydrogel, Planting media

PEMANFAATAN LIMBAH POPOK SEBAGAI SARANA PENDIDIKAN KARAKTER PEDULI LINGKUNGAN ANAK USIA DINI

TK Wiji is a nursery school which was built at Jl. Untung Suropati no. 10 kelurahan Tegalrejo kota Pekalongan based on NPSN 69879295 of 2005 by Yayasan 99. TK Wiji is growing fast due to its education system which is in line to the 2013 national curriculum with the vision of toodler characteristic development. The most fundamental of character education is environment education. Considering to this situation, we have found that the most common litter of the nursery is disposable diaper. This kind of diaper is hardly degraded into its monomer. Colon’s research in 2013 has found a strategy to use this diaper as compost. Based on <strong>the problem of disposable diaper wastes</strong> in the nursery and also the result of the background research about <strong>exploiting the waste as compost</strong>, then the environment education for toodler of TK Wiji by using diaper waste as a material for hidroponic cultivation was done. In the beginning, guidances were given to the teacher in 2 phases which are making diaper waste composite into organic fertilizer and making hidrogel for interior plant cultivation by using the gel of the waste. In the next step, the teachers were asked to make improvisation regarding toodler environment education by using the skills. In spite of this, there was still an argument about the time management in the learning process by using diaper waste as the material. Thus an implementation of the skill for toodler extracuricular was stated.