scholarly journals PEMANFAATAN LIMBAH PLASTIK SEBAGAI BAHAN BAKU PEMBUATAN BAHAN BAKAR ALTERNATIF

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-67
Author(s):  
Jatmiko Wahyudi ◽  
Hermain Teguh Prayitno ◽  
Arieyanti Dwi Astuti
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Thermal Degradation ◽  
Population Growth ◽  
Water Temperature ◽  
Diesel Oil ◽  
Plastic Waste ◽  
Burning Time ◽  
Waste Generation ◽  
Fuel Pyrolysis

ENGLISHThe amount of waste generation continued to increase in Indonesia due to economic development and population growth. In addition, the diversity of solid waste becomes another problem since products made from plastics became widely used and were discarded in large amounts. Plastic waste can be converted into fuel through pirolisis in order to reduce the amount of plastic waste as well as to produce alternative fuel. Pyrolysis is a process of thermal degradation in the absence of oxygen. The objective of this study is to investigate and to compare the performace of fuel produced by pyrolisys, kerosene and diesel oil. The performance of those fuels is investigated in 4 parameters including density, burning time, temperature of water and the volume of water evaporated. The result of this study are 1) the density 0.8 g/ml; burning time 4.02 minutes; water temperature 75°C and water evaporated 12.6 ml. 2) Compared to kerosene and diesel oil, the quality of the fuel is lower than kerosene and higher than diesel oil in all parameters. INDONESIAPertumbuhan penduduk dan ekonomi menyebabkan terjadinya peningkatan produksi sampah khususnya sampah plastik. Pirolisis merupakan proses perekahan atau pemecahan rantai polimer menjadi senyawa yang lebih sederhana melalui proses thermal (pemanasan/pembakaran) dengan tanpa maupun sedikit oksigen. Sampah plastik bisa diurai dan diubah menjadi bahan bakar yang memiliki nilai kalor yang tinggi melalui proses pirolisis. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan membandingkan kemampuan minyak hasil pirolisis plastik dengan minyak tanah dan solar dalam hal massa jenis, lama pembakaran, temperatur air dan volume air yang hilang (menguap) saat dimasak menggunakan minyak tersebut. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa 1) massa jenis minyak pirolisis adalah 0,8 g/ml. Waktu yang dibutuhkan untuk membakar habis suatu benda adalah 4,02 menit. Pemasakan air menggunakan bahan bakar minyak pirolisis menghasilkan temperatur 75°C pada waktu pemasakan 4 menit dengan volume air yang hilang (menguap) sebesar 12,6 ml. 2) Dari 4 parameter yang diamati, kualitas minyak pirolisis berada di bawah minyak tanah namun di atas minyak solar.

Recent and Prospective Population Trends in Malaysia

1985 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 262-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gavin W. Jones ◽  
P. C. Tan
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Human Resources ◽  
Population Growth ◽  
Regional Development ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Population Policy ◽  
Population Redistribution ◽  
The Third ◽  
Fourth Plan

For many years now, the Malaysian government's population policy has included both a growth component and a distribution component. The growth component, adopted in the Second Malaysia Plan (1971–75) and still in force, was the goal of reducing the rate of population growth from 3 per cent to 2 per cent by 1985. The distribution component, first enunciated in a coherent way in the Mid-Term Review of the Second Malaysia Plan, is a strategy for regional development with direct population redistribution consequences. The Third Malaysia Plan (1976–80) elaborated the population situation and goals in greater detail but their broad thrust remained essentially unchanged. The Fourth Plan (1981–85), while maintaining the target of lowered growth rates, emphasized the quality of human resources and was sanguine about the prospects for economic development far outstripping the rate of population growth. Indeed, earlier concern with unemployment had been replaced by worries about the emergence of labour shortages.

scholarly journals Bali Bebas Sampah Plastik (menuju “Clean and Green Island”)

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-46
Author(s):  
Ekapria Dharana Kubontubuh
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Environmental Problem ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Plastic Waste ◽  
Provincial Government ◽  
Waste Generation ◽  
Waste Production ◽  
Green Island

Waste becomes an environmental problem in Bali and requires attention immediately. Plastic waste is the second largest component in waste generation in Bali, which very harmful to health and threatens Bali tourism. Plastic waste production in Bali reaches 268 tons every day and only 29.4% of plastic waste is disposed of to landfills. While 44.5% of plastic waste is not processed so that pollutes the environment especially the river and the sea. The Bali Provincial Government realize the dangers of plastic waste and tried to limit generations by issuing regulations that limit the generation of plastic waste. Due to the regulation, it is expected to reduce the generation of plastic waste up to 60-70% so that it can improve environmental quality and have a positive impact on the quality of life and public health as well as Bali tourism. One important point is that being free from plastic will lead Bali into a clean and green island. 

scholarly journals An Overview of Plastic Waste Generation and Management in Food Packaging Industries

Recycling ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 12
Author(s):  
Lindani Koketso Ncube ◽  
Albert Uchenna Ude ◽  
Enoch Nifise Ogunmuyiwa ◽  
Rozli Zulkifli ◽  
Isaac Nongwe Beas
Keyword(s):  
Population Growth ◽  
Food Packaging ◽  
Plastic Waste ◽  
Waste Generation ◽  
Global Demand ◽  
High Population Growth ◽  
Single Use ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Mixed Types ◽  
Land Water

Over the years, the world was not paying strict attention to the impact of rapid growth in plastic use. This has led to unprecedented amounts of mixed types of plastic waste entering the environment unmanaged. Packaging plastics account for half of the global total plastic waste. This paper seeks to give an overview of the use, disposal, and regulation of food packaging plastics. Demand for food packaging is on the rise as a result of increasing global demand for food due to population growth. Most of the food packaging are used on-the-go and are single use plastics that are disposed of within a short space of time. The bulk of this plastic waste has found its way into the environment contaminating land, water and the food chain. The food industry is encouraged to reduce, reuse and recycle packaging materials. A wholistic approach to waste management will need to involve all stakeholders working to achieve a circular economy. A robust approach to prevent pollution today rather than handling the waste in the future should be adopted especially in Africa where there is high population growth.

scholarly journals Assessment of the sustainability of regional socio-ecological-economic systems

2021 ◽  
pp. 47-61
Author(s):  
Galina T. Shkiperova ◽  
◽  
Anna E. Kurilo ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Federal District ◽  
Waste Generation ◽  
Window Analysis ◽  
Production And Consumption ◽  
North Western ◽  
Consumption Waste

Subject/Topic. The formation of tracks of sustainable development of territories remains an important task in the implementation of regional policy. Management decisions should be based on the results of the analysis of the socio-ecological-economic situation and the emerging trends in this area. The application of the method of sustainability window analysis based on the integration of economic, environmental and social components of sustainable development makes it possible to evaluate the quality of economic growth. Goals/Objectives. To explore the boundaries of the window of sustainability of economic development of regions, and to provide a qualitative characteristic of economic growth from a sustainability point of view. Methodology. A review of scientific sources was conducted and approaches to the assessment of sustainable development were considered. Methods of statistical and comparative analysis of data were applied. Comparable indicators that reflect the components of sustainable development of regions were calculated. Calculations were made and the boundaries of sustainable development of the North-Western Federal District (NWFD) regions were quantitatively assessed using the method of sustainability window analysis. Results. The boundaries of the sustainability window were determined for the regions of North-Western Federal District using three environmental indicators. It is revealed that not all regions of the district have the characteristics of qualitative economic growth. Calculations using «atmospheric emissions» as an environmental indicator showed that in most regions of North-Western Federal District there is a tendency to increase the available sustainability window. The calculations for the indicator «volumes of polluted wastewater discharge» also show positive trends. And for the indicator «volumes of production and consumption waste generation» only two out of ten regions have an available sustainability window, which indicates a negative trend in economic development. As a result, the most problematic area, characteristic of most regions of NWFD, has been identified, which is the «formation of production and consumption waste». Conclusions/significance. The study showed the presence of imbalances in economic growth from the perspective of sustainable development in North-Western Federal District. The method of sustainability window analysis allows using various statistical indicators that reflect economic, environmental and social processes in the region and is an accessible analytical tool. Solving the problems of waste generation reduction, waste disposal and recycling will improve the quality of economic development. Application. The method of sustainability window analysis can be used as an analytical tool for assessing the quality of economic growth. The results of the study can be practically applied in the formation of regional policy and managerial decisions of the authorities in the sphere of socio-economic development on the principles of sustainability, taking into account environmental, economic and social factors.

Plastic Packaging Material Value Conservation and Evident of the Consumers’ Acceptance

2018 ◽  
Vol 773 ◽  
pp. 390-395 ◽  
Author(s):  
Djoko Sihono Gabriel ◽  
Dadang Isnandar ◽  
Andreanos Jeremia
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Factor Loading ◽  
Plastic Waste ◽  
Waste Generation ◽  
Plastic Packaging ◽  
Current Design ◽  
Plastic Pellets

Virgin plastic pellets are widely used as raw materials in flexible plastic packaging which generate abundant postconsumer plastic waste. The widespread use of recycled plastic pellets as raw materials will reduce plastic waste generation significantly. However, substitution of virgin materials need high quality of recycled plastic pellets which produced from good quality of plastic waste. Design for material value conservation in this case study was a trial implementation of design principles of plastic bag in order to minimize its value degradation of plastic waste, and therefore increase its acceptance by plastic recycling industries. A Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) with Lisrel 8.8 software used as tool of analysis in evaluating consumer acceptance of the two types of design paradigm, current design and material value conservation based design. The results indicated that consumers accepted both type of packaging. With final standard factor loading, the proposed design indicated slightly better correlation coefficients: 0.46 for Ease of Information Delivery and 0.74 for Informational Content variables, better than current design with 0.44 and 0.73 coefficients. Widespread implementation of design for material value conservation will save virgin plastic consumption for plastic packaging production, reduce plastic waste generation as well as support material resource conservation in a better condition of environment. The social and economic benefit will also be obtained as multiplier effect of material value conservation.

scholarly journals The effect of plastic type on the yield and quality of lignite and plastic waste pyrolysis products

2022 ◽  
Vol 1212 (1) ◽  
pp. 012017
Author(s):  
H Wijayanti ◽  
A Tuhuloula ◽  
L Subekti ◽  
M Aisyah ◽  
I D Pitaloka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plastic Waste ◽  
Low Rank ◽  
Pure Hydrogen ◽  
Pyrolysis Products ◽  
Heating Value ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Plastic Type ◽  
Pyrolysis Liquid ◽  
Fuel Pyrolysis

Abstract Lignite is a low rank coal which has great potential in South Kalimantan. However, it has not been used optimally due to its low quality. One of the ways to improve it is pyrolysis. Pyrolysis is the thermal decomposition of organic material in the absence of oxygen which will produce three products (char, tar and gas). Pyrolysis can make lignite into liquid fuel (pyrolysis liquid), but it still requires improvement due to the need for pure hydrogen donors. Plastic waste has a higher hydrogen/carbon ratio than coal. This material can be used as an additive in the pyrolysis process because it is rich in hydrogen. The samples of plastic waste used were ppolyethylene (PE), ppolypropylene (PP), and polystyrene (PS). Samples of lignite and plastic (plastic composition was 25 wt%) were used for every experiment, and pyrolysis was carried out with a holding time of 60 minutes at 500°C. The pyrolysis liquid obtained is then analyzed for its yields and properties (density, kinematic viscosity, heating value). The most feasible result for fuel alternative was obtained with the addition of PE.

Manajemen Ekonomi Outopilot: Kegagalan Negara Mencari Identitas?

Liquidity ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 142-152
Author(s):  
Mukhaer Pakkanna
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
National Economy ◽  
The State ◽  
Political Democracy ◽  
Economic Democracy ◽  
Quality Of Democracy ◽  
Economic Disparities ◽  
National Economic ◽  
Production And Distribution

Political democracy should be equivalent to the economic development of the quality of democracy, economic democracy if not upright, even the owner of the ruling power and money, which is parallel to force global corporatocracy. Consequently, the economic oligarchy preservation reinforces control of production and distribution from upstream to downstream and power monopoly of the market. The implication, increasingly sharp economic disparities, exclusive owner of the money and power become fertile, and the end could jeopardize the harmony of the national economy. The loss of national economic identity that makes people feel lost the “pilot of the state”. What happens then is the autopilot state. Viewing unclear direction of the economy, the national economy should clarify the true figure.

Investment climate and government turnover in russian regions

2014 ◽  
pp. 88-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Syunyaev ◽  
L. Polishchuk
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Theoretical Model ◽  
Private Sector ◽  
Authoritarian Regimes ◽  
Russian Regions ◽  
Investment Climate ◽  
Regional Data ◽  
Endogenous Property Rights ◽  
The Impact

We study the impact of Russian regional governors’ rotation and their affiliation with private sector firms for the quality of investment climate in Russian regions. A theoretical model presented in the paper predicts that these factors taken together improve “endogenous” property rights under authoritarian regimes. This conclusion is confirmed empirically by using Russian regional data for 2002—2010; early in that period gubernatorial elections had been canceled and replaced by federal government’s appointments. This is an indication that under certain conditions government rotation is beneficial for economic development even when democracy is suppressed.

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