scholarly journals Polymer-gas interactions at high pressure: The application of ultrasonic techniques for material testing

1990 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
B.J. Briscoe ◽  
S. Zakaria
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Material Testing ◽  
Ultrasonic Techniques ◽  
Gas Interactions

Polymer-gas interactions at high pressure: the use of ultrasonic probes

Polymer ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 440-447 ◽  
Author(s):  
B.J. Briscoe ◽  
S. Zakaria
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Gas Interactions

Development of New Material Testing Apparatus in High-Pressure Hydrogen and Evaluation of Hydrogen Gas Embrittlement of Metals

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seiji Fukuyama ◽  
Masaaki Imade ◽  
Kiyoshi Yokogawa
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Stainless Steels ◽  
Pressure Vessel ◽  
Austenitic Stainless Steels ◽  
Material Testing ◽  
Hydrogen Gas ◽  
Stage Ii ◽  
Fuel Cell Vehicle ◽  
Stage Iii ◽  
Pressure Hydrogen

A new type of apparatus for material testing in high-pressure gas of up to 100 MPa was developed. The apparatus consists of a pressure vessel and a high-pressure control system that applies the controlled pressure to the pressure vessel. A piston is installed inside a cylinder in the pressure vessel, and a specimen is connected to the lower part of the piston. The load is caused by the pressure difference between the upper room and the lower room separated by the piston, which can be controlled to a loading mode by the pressure valves of the high-pressure system supplying gas to the vessel. Hydrogen gas embrittlement (HGE) and internal reversible hydrogen embrittlement (IRHE) of austenitic stainless steels and iron- and nickel-based superalloys used for high-pressure hydrogen storage of fuel cell vehicle were evaluated by conducting tensile tests in 70 MPa hydrogen. Although the HGE of these metals depended on modified Ni equivalent, the IRHE did not. The HGE of austenitic stainless steels was larger than their IRHE; however, the HGE of superalloys was not always larger than their IRHE. The effects of the chemical composition and metallic structure of these materials on the HGE and IRHE were discussed. The HGE of austenitic stainless steels was examined in 105 MPa hydrogen. The following were identified; SUS304: HGE in stage II, solution-annealed SUS316: HGE in stage III, sensitized SUS316: HGE in stage II, SUS316L: HGE in FS, SUS316LN: HGE in stage III and SUS310S: no HGE.

scholarly journals High-Pressure Sound Velocity Measurements of Liquids Using In Situ Ultrasonic Techniques in a Multianvil Apparatus

Minerals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhicheng Jing ◽  
Tony Yu ◽  
Man Xu ◽  
Julien Chantel ◽  
Yanbin Wang
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Sound Velocity ◽  
Velocity Measurements ◽  
Melting Temperatures ◽  
Technical Developments ◽  
Silicate Liquids ◽  
Ultrasonic Techniques ◽  
Photon Source

Sound velocity and equation of state of liquids provide important constraints on the generation, presence, and transport of silicate and metallic melts in the Earth’s interior. Unlike their solid counterparts, these properties of liquids pose great technical challenges to high-pressure measurements and are poorly constrained. Here we present the technical developments that have been made at the GSECARS beamline 13-ID-D of the Advanced Photon Source for the past several years for determination of sound velocity of liquids using the ultrasonic techniques in a 1000-ton Kawai-type multianvil apparatus. Temperature of the sound velocity measurements has been extended to ~2400 K at 4 GPa and ~2000 K at 8 GPa to enable studies of liquids with very high melting temperatures, such as the silicate liquids.

Methods of Material Testing in High-Pressure Hydrogen Environment and Evaluation of Hydrogen Compatibility of Metallic Materials: Current Status in Japan

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hideo Kobayashi ◽  
Hiroshi Kobayashi ◽  
Takeru Sano ◽  
Takashi Maeda ◽  
Hiroaki Tamura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Material Testing ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Metallic Materials ◽  
Testing Methods ◽  
Hydrogen Environment ◽  
The Status ◽  
Compatibility Of Materials ◽  
Pressure Hydrogen

In Japan, with regards to the widespread commercialization of 70 MPa-class hydrogen refueling stations and fuel cell vehicles, two national projects have been promoted on both the infrastructure and the automobile sides. These projects have been promoted to establish the criteria for determining hydrogen compatibility of materials and to expand the usable materials for high-pressure hydrogen environment. For these projects, establishing test methods to evaluate the hydrogen compatibility of materials is one of the most important tasks. This paper describes the status of common standardization of testing methods. Two projects share a common database for the testing results, which is currently put to practical use.

scholarly journals Gas hydrates at high pressure

2014 ◽  
Vol 70 (a1) ◽  
pp. C900-C900
Author(s):  
J. Loveday ◽  
C. Bull ◽  
A. Frantzana ◽  
C. Wilson ◽  
D. Amos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
High Pressure ◽  
Gas Hydrates ◽  
Water System ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Ammonia Water ◽  
Fundamental Insight ◽  
Gas Interactions ◽  
Water Gas ◽  
And Storage

The behaviour of gas hydrates at high pressure is of wide interest and importance. Gas hydrates are stablised by water-gas repulsive interactions. Information on the effect of changing density on these water-gas interactions provides fundamental insight into the nature of the water potential. Gas hydrates are also widely found in nature and systems like the ammonia-water and methane-water systems form the basis of 'mineralogy' of planetary bodies like Saturn's moon Titan. Finally, gas hydrates offer the possibility of cheap environmentally inert transportation and storage for gases like carbon dioxide and hydrogen. We have been carrying out investigations of a range of gas hydrates at high pressure using neutron and x-ray diffraction as well as other techniques. Results from these studies including; the phase diagram of the ammonia water system, the occupancies of hexgonal clathrate structures, and new structures in the carbon dioxide water system, will be presented.

3501 Installation of material testing facilities in high pressure gaseous hydrogen

2006 ◽  
Vol 2006.1 (0) ◽  
pp. 617-618
Author(s):  
Shinichi Ohmiya ◽  
Hideki Fujii ◽  
Yasuo Manabe ◽  
Takao Fujikawa ◽  
Toshikatsu Naoi
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Material Testing ◽  
Gaseous Hydrogen

Application of Ultrasonic Techniques to Study the Properties of Silicone Elastomers in High Pressure Gas Media

1988 ◽  
Vol 142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian J. Briscoe ◽  
Salman Zakaria
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
High Pressure ◽  
Material Selection ◽  
Volumetric Strain ◽  
Nitrogen Gas ◽  
Progressive Development ◽  
Pdms Elastomer ◽  
System Data ◽  
Ultrasonic Techniques ◽  
Hostile Environments

AbstractPolymers absorb large quantities of gas under high pressure. This process is usually accompanied by a significant volumetric strain and also by changes in the mechanical properties of the sample. We will describe how these properties may be studied by using an ultrasonic technique. The sorption and volumetric changes are progressive in nature following the application of an incremental increase or decrease in ambient pneumatic stress. These techniques are also used to follow the time dependent changes in both the linear strain and the mechanical properties of the system. Data will be cited for a range of nitrogen gas pressures up to 27 MPa at 20°C for a virgin Poly-dimethylsiloxane (PDMS) elastomer and for its composite with glass filler to exemplify the experimental and analytical procedures. The final section of the paper shows how the same techniques may be used to monitor the inception and progressive development of internal cracks during certain ambient gas decompression profiles.The information obtained provides a basis for better material selection and for the specification of the service life of particular materials in hostile environments.

High-pressure freezing of cells in suspension for low-voltage scanning electron microscopy (LVSEM)

1991 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
pp. 64-65
Author(s):  
Marek Malecki ◽  
James Pawley ◽  
Hans Ris
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
High Pressure ◽  
Low Voltage ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Cell Structure ◽  
Freeze Substitution ◽  
Ice Crystal ◽  
High Pressure Freezing ◽  
Cell Culture Media ◽  
Voltage Scanning

The ultrastructure of cells suspended in physiological fluids or cell culture media can only be studied if the living processes are stopped while the cells remain in suspension. Attachment of living cells to carrier surfaces to facilitate further processing for electron microscopy produces a rapid reorganization of cell structure eradicating most traces of the structures present when the cells were in suspension. The structure of cells in suspension can be immobilized by either chemical fixation or, much faster, by rapid freezing (cryo-immobilization). The fixation speed is particularly important in studies of cell surface reorganization over time. High pressure freezing provides conditions where specimens up to 500μm thick can be frozen in milliseconds without ice crystal damage. This volume is sufficient for cells to remain in suspension until frozen. However, special procedures are needed to assure that the unattached cells are not lost during subsequent processing for LVSEM or HVEM using freeze-substitution or freeze drying. We recently developed such a procedure.

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