Methods of Material Testing in High-Pressure Hydrogen Environment and Evaluation of Hydrogen Compatibility of Metallic Materials: Current Status in Japan

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hideo Kobayashi ◽  
Hiroshi Kobayashi ◽  
Takeru Sano ◽  
Takashi Maeda ◽  
Hiroaki Tamura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Material Testing ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Metallic Materials ◽  
Testing Methods ◽  
Hydrogen Environment ◽  
The Status ◽  
Compatibility Of Materials ◽  
Pressure Hydrogen

In Japan, with regards to the widespread commercialization of 70 MPa-class hydrogen refueling stations and fuel cell vehicles, two national projects have been promoted on both the infrastructure and the automobile sides. These projects have been promoted to establish the criteria for determining hydrogen compatibility of materials and to expand the usable materials for high-pressure hydrogen environment. For these projects, establishing test methods to evaluate the hydrogen compatibility of materials is one of the most important tasks. This paper describes the status of common standardization of testing methods. Two projects share a common database for the testing results, which is currently put to practical use.

Current Status of Evaluation and Selecting of Materials to Be Used for Hydrogen Refueling Station Equipment in Japan

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hideo Kobayashi ◽  
Takeru Sano ◽  
Hiroshi Kobayashi ◽  
Saburo Matsuoka ◽  
Hiroshi Tsujigami
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Japanese Government ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Fuel Cell Vehicles ◽  
Technical Standard ◽  
Hydrogen Environment ◽  
Pressure Hydrogen ◽  
Hydrogen Society

In 2005, the Japanese government issued the technical standard (the General High-Pressure Gas Safety Ordinance, hereinafter referred to as the General Ordinance) for hydrogen refueling stations (HRSs) that provide fuel to fuel cell vehicles (FCVs) equipped with a 35MPa hydrogen container on board[1]. Then, the maximum storage pressure of container on board increased from 35MPa to 70MPa. Along with this, the maximum storage pressure of facilities of HRSs also increased from 40MPa to 82MPa[2]. In Japan, many HRSs are being built to realize hydrogen society. For this purpose, it is urgent to select materials to be used in a high pressure hydrogen environment and to establish a range of use.

Development of New Material Testing Apparatus in High-Pressure Hydrogen and Evaluation of Hydrogen Gas Embrittlement of Metals

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seiji Fukuyama ◽  
Masaaki Imade ◽  
Kiyoshi Yokogawa
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Stainless Steels ◽  
Pressure Vessel ◽  
Austenitic Stainless Steels ◽  
Material Testing ◽  
Hydrogen Gas ◽  
Stage Ii ◽  
Fuel Cell Vehicle ◽  
Stage Iii ◽  
Pressure Hydrogen

A new type of apparatus for material testing in high-pressure gas of up to 100 MPa was developed. The apparatus consists of a pressure vessel and a high-pressure control system that applies the controlled pressure to the pressure vessel. A piston is installed inside a cylinder in the pressure vessel, and a specimen is connected to the lower part of the piston. The load is caused by the pressure difference between the upper room and the lower room separated by the piston, which can be controlled to a loading mode by the pressure valves of the high-pressure system supplying gas to the vessel. Hydrogen gas embrittlement (HGE) and internal reversible hydrogen embrittlement (IRHE) of austenitic stainless steels and iron- and nickel-based superalloys used for high-pressure hydrogen storage of fuel cell vehicle were evaluated by conducting tensile tests in 70 MPa hydrogen. Although the HGE of these metals depended on modified Ni equivalent, the IRHE did not. The HGE of austenitic stainless steels was larger than their IRHE; however, the HGE of superalloys was not always larger than their IRHE. The effects of the chemical composition and metallic structure of these materials on the HGE and IRHE were discussed. The HGE of austenitic stainless steels was examined in 105 MPa hydrogen. The following were identified; SUS304: HGE in stage II, solution-annealed SUS316: HGE in stage III, sensitized SUS316: HGE in stage II, SUS316L: HGE in FS, SUS316LN: HGE in stage III and SUS310S: no HGE.

Comparisons of Testing Methods for High-Pressure Hydrogen Storage Container Under the Law and Regulation System of UN and EU

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bo Yang ◽  
Jian-ping Yao ◽  
Yi-wen Yuan ◽  
Jie-lu Wang ◽  
Yao-zhou Qian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Hydrogen Storage ◽  
Regulation System ◽  
Hydrogen Energy ◽  
Hydrogen Fuel ◽  
Testing Methods ◽  
Storage Container ◽  
Technical Requirements ◽  
Storage Containers ◽  
Pressure Hydrogen

Hydrogen energy as the cleanest fuel to replace gasoline has been accepted by society, hydrogen fuel could be promoted based on the safety of hydrogen-fuel storage containers. For risk-controlling of hydrogen storage containers, there are many laws and regulations in UN and EU set the strict technical requirements on high pressure hydrogen storage systems and require a lot of rigorous experimental verification should be performed before mass production. Frame of GTR No.13, ECER No.134 and EU No406/2010 and the content relevant with high-pressure hydrogen storage container would be discussed emphatically in this paper. Rigorous testing methods in regulations and standards are compared and comments on hydrogen storage container performance testing are provided, besides, some important testing items are discussed.

Creep and Rupture Behavior of Low Alloy Steels in High Pressure Hydrogen Environment

1965 ◽  
Vol 87 (2) ◽  
pp. 313-318 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. W. Coombs ◽  
R. E. Allen ◽  
F. H. Vitovec
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Creep Rate ◽  
Low Alloy Steels ◽  
Hydrogen Attack ◽  
Hydrogen Environment ◽  
Alloy Steels ◽  
Test Materials ◽  
Rupture Properties ◽  
Pressure Hydrogen ◽  
Rupture Behavior

The creep and rupture properties of steels were investigated at 1000 deg F in an environment of argon at 50 psig pressure and hydrogen at 900 psig pressure. An SAE 1020 steel, a 0.5 percent Mo-steel, and a 1 percent Cr-0.5 percent Mo steel were used as test materials. The strength of the steels was lower and the creep rate higher in hydrogen than in argon. The data are discussed in respect to the effect of stress on the rate of hydrogen attack.

Hydrogen environment assisted cracking in X70 welding heat-affected zone under a high-pressure hydrogen gas

2020 ◽  
Vol 109 ◽  
pp. 102746
Author(s):  
Thanh Tuan Nguyen ◽  
Un Bong Beak ◽  
Jaeyeong Park ◽  
Seung Hoon Nahm ◽  
Naehyung Tak
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Heat Affected Zone ◽  
Hydrogen Gas ◽  
Hydrogen Environment ◽  
Pressure Hydrogen

Fatigue Life Calculation Method of 4130X High Pressure Hydrogen Storage Cylinder With Initial Crack Defect

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peng Ge ◽  
Zhiping Chen ◽  
Mengjie Liu
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Fatigue Life ◽  
Fracture Mechanics ◽  
Hydrogen Storage ◽  
Safety Evaluation ◽  
Initial Crack ◽  
Pressure Vessels ◽  
Hydrogen Environment ◽  
Gas Cylinders ◽  
Pressure Hydrogen

Abstract Hydrogen storage cylinders are often used for medium- and short-distance transportation of hydrogen. The presence of hydrogen tends to increase the risk of using the gas cylinders. The alternating stress caused by factors such as hydrogen charging and discharging during the service process of the gas cylinder leads to the expansion of initial cracks inside the cylinder and the final fatigue fracture. At present, the fatigue life calculation of pressure vessels mainly adopts the S-N curve method, however, some steels do not have the S-N curve under the hydrogen environment, it is necessary to use fracture mechanics methods to analyze the fatigue life of gas cylinders in a high-pressure gaseous hydrogen environment. In this work, a method for calculating the fatigue life of fracture mechanics for hydrogen storage cylinders was established according to ASME VIII-3 KD-10. The development of the program was completed by Matlab. An example was given to illustrate the program. Firstly, basic parameters of the material used for the cylinder were obtained. Then, finite element method was used for stress analysis to obtain the fitting curve and the function expression of hoop stress. Finally, fatigue life calculations of high pressure hydrogen storage cylinder were made. The minimum service life of example was predicted to be 40 years. This result is consistent with the good service history of this type of container. This work could contribute to design, safety evaluation of hydrogen storage cylinders.

scholarly journals An in situ tribometer for measuring friction and wear of polymers in a high pressure hydrogen environment

2017 ◽  
Vol 88 (9) ◽  
pp. 095114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward R. Duranty ◽  
Timothy J. Roosendaal ◽  
Stan G. Pitman ◽  
Joseph C. Tucker ◽  
Stanley L. Owsley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Friction And Wear ◽  
Hydrogen Environment ◽  
Pressure Hydrogen
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