Advances in accelerator based explosives detection systems

1993 ◽  
Vol 79 (1-4) ◽  
pp. 601-604 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tsahi Gozani
Keyword(s):  
Explosives Detection ◽  
Detection Systems

Explosives detection systems (EDS) for aviation security

2003 ◽  
Vol 83 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sameer Singh ◽  
Maneesha Singh
Keyword(s):  
Aviation Security ◽  
Explosives Detection ◽  
Detection Systems

scholarly journals Development of Inert, Polymer-Bonded Simulants for Explosives Detection Systems Based on Transmission X-ray

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (23) ◽  
pp. 4330 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mitja Vahčič ◽  
David Anderson ◽  
Miguel Ruiz Osés ◽  
Grzegorz Rarata ◽  
Gabriela Diaconu
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Effective Atomic Number ◽  
The United States ◽  
Explosives Detection ◽  
Civil Aviation ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Detection Systems ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Fit For Purpose ◽  
Inert Polymer

Explosives detection systems (EDS) based on X-ray are used at airports to screen baggage for the presence of explosives. In Europe and the United States, EDS equipment is tested extensively by specialist test centres prior to approval for operational use in airports. Once EDS are installed in airports, however, it can be challenging to test the EDS equipment and verify that it continues to perform at the highest level, because of the impracticality of introducing bulk explosives into civil aviation airports. We have developed inert, non-toxic polymer-bonded simulants and validated them against real explosives using EDS equipment. The accuracy of our simulants is within 1% of the target bulk density, and within 2% of the target effective atomic number, and the materials have a stability of at least 4 years, with an uncertainty of 0.5%. The simulants generate alarms in almost 100% of cases on a wide range of commercial EDS models, and we consider the simulants fit for purpose for use during testing of EDS equipment at airports.

scholarly journals False alarm rates of liquid explosives detection systems

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 145-169
Author(s):  
Elitsa Dzhongova ◽  
David Anderson ◽  
Jaap de Ruiter ◽  
Velibor Novakovic ◽  
Miguel Ruiz Oses
Keyword(s):  
False Alarm ◽  
Explosives Detection ◽  
Detection Systems ◽  
Liquid Explosives ◽  
False Alarm Rates

scholarly journals A Powdered Simulant of Triacetone Triperoxide (TATP) for Safe Testing of X-ray Transmission Screening Equipment

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 1473
Author(s):  
Mitja Vahčič ◽  
David Anderson ◽  
John Seghers ◽  
Hanne Leys ◽  
Miguel Ruiz Oses ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Measurement Uncertainty ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Explosives Detection ◽  
Civil Aviation ◽  
Coverage Factor ◽  
Triacetone Triperoxide ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Detection Systems ◽  
Safety Considerations ◽  
Screening Equipment

Explosives detection systems (EDS) based on X-ray are used at airports to screen baggage for the presence of explosives. Once EDS are installed in airports, however, it can be challenging to test the EDS equipment and verify that it continues to perform at the highest level, because of the impracticality of introducing bulk explosives into civil aviation airports. The problem is particularly acute for sensitive homemade explosives, such as triacetone triperoxide (TATP). This paper describes our work to develop a safe, accurate and stable simulant for TATP for EDS based on X-ray transmission. Bulk quantities of TATP were synthesised and characterised especially for this project, and we describe the unique challenges and safety considerations of collecting this data. Our calculations show that the expanded measurement uncertainty with a coverage factor of k = 2 is 5.7% for bulk density and 1.0% for Zeff at 24 months.

scholarly journals Statistical analysis for explosives detection system test and evaluation

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Lukow ◽  
James C. Weatherall
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Detection System ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Performance Testing ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Explosives Detection ◽  
Trace Detection ◽  
Sample Number ◽  
Detection Systems

AbstractThe verification of trace explosives detection systems is often constrained to small sample sets, so it is important to support the significance of the results with statistical analysis. As binary measurements, the trials are assessed using binomial statistics. A method is described based on the probability confidence interval and expressed in terms of the upper confidence interval bound that reports the probability of successful detection and its level of statistical confidence. These parameters provide useful measures of the system’s performance. The propriety of combining statistics for similar tests—for example in trace detection trials of an explosive on multiple surfaces—is examined by statistical tests. The use of normal statistics is commonly applied to binary testing, but the confidence intervals are known to behave poorly in many circumstances, including small sample numbers. The improvement of the normal approximation with increasing sample number is shown not to be substantial for the typical numbers used in this type of explosives detection system testing, and binary statistics are preferred. The methods and techniques described here for testing trace detection can be applied as well to performance testing of explosives detection systems in general.

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