Down-regulation of the GABA receptor subunits mRNA levels in mammalian cultured cortical neurons following chronic neurosteroid treatment

1996 ◽  
Vol 41 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 163-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rong Yu ◽  
Paolo Follesa ◽  
Maharaj K Ticku
Keyword(s):  
Cortical Neurons ◽  
Gaba Receptor ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Down Regulation ◽  
Cultured Cortical Neurons ◽  
Gaba Receptor Subunits

scholarly journals 3′UTRs Regulate Mouse Ntrk2 mRNA Distribution in Cortical Neurons

2020 ◽  
Vol 70 (11) ◽  
pp. 1858-1870
Author(s):  
Shangqin Chen ◽  
Jinjin Zhu ◽  
Peijun Li ◽  
Zhaonan Xia ◽  
Mengjing Tu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tyrosine Kinase ◽  
Receptor Tyrosine Kinase ◽  
Cortical Neurons ◽  
Kinase Domain ◽  
Tyrosine Kinase Domain ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Tyrosine Kinase 2 ◽  
Mrna Transcripts ◽  
Cultured Cortical Neurons ◽  
Apical Dendrites

Abstract There are two major isoforms of NTRK2 (neurotrophic receptor tyrosine kinase 2, or TrkB), full-length isoform with tyrosine kinase (TK) domain intact (+) and spliced isoform without tyrosine kinase domain (TK(−)). Within each isoform, there exist subtypes with minor modifications of the protein sequences. In human, the NTRK2 mRNA transcripts encoding TK(+) have same 3′UTRs, while the transcripts encoding subtypes of NTRK2 TK(−) have two completely different 3′UTRs. In mouse, the mRNA transcripts encoding same NTRK2 protein sequence for either TK(+) or TK(−) have long or short 3′UTRs, respectively. The physiological functions of these different 3′UTRs are still unknown. Pilocarpine stimulation increased Ntrk2 mRNA levels in soma, while the increase in synaptosome was smaller. FISH results further showed that mouse Ntrk2 transcripts with different 3′UTRs were distributed differently in cultured cortical neurons. The transcripts with long 3′UTR were distributed more in apical dendrites compared with transcripts with short 3′UTR. Our results provide evidence of non-coding 3′UTR function in regulating mRNA distribution in neurons.

Notoginsenoside R1 Promotes the Growth of Neonatal Rat Cortical Neurons via the Wnt/β-catenin Signaling Pathway

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (7) ◽  
pp. 547-556 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xing-Tong Li ◽  
Wei Ma ◽  
Xian-Bin Wang ◽  
Zhang Liang ◽  
Jin-Wei Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Cortical Neurons ◽  
Wnt Signaling Pathway ◽  
Panax Notoginseng ◽  
Neonatal Rat ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Effective Components ◽  
Cultured Cortical Neurons ◽  
Rat Cortical Neurons ◽  
Neuron Growth

Background & Objective: Notoginsenoside R1 (NGR1) is one of the main effective components of Panax notoginseng. Method: Primary cortical neurons were harvested from neonatal rats and cultured to analyze the role of NGR1 in neuronal growth and the effects of NGR1 on the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Following treatment with NGR1, immunocytochemistry was used to detect expression of Tuj1 and MAP2, and RT-qPCR was used to measure mRNA levels of key factors in the Wnt signaling pathway. Results: Results showed that NGR1 promotes growth of cultured neurons and significantly upregulates mRNA levels of β-catenin, Dishevelled, and Frizzled. To further confirm whether NGR1 promoted cortical neuron growth via the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, we knocked down β- catenin mRNA by siRNA interference; following NGR1 treatment of β-catenin-knockdown neurons, β-catenin mRNA levels increased significantly. Conclusion: In conclusion, these results demonstrate that NGR1 promotes growth of cultured cortical neurons from the neonatal rat, possibly via the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.

scholarly journals Ezrin Mediates Neuritogenesis via Down-Regulation of RhoA Activity in Cultured Cortical Neurons

PLoS ONE ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. e105435 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yosuke Matsumoto ◽  
Masatoshi Inden ◽  
Atsushi Tamura ◽  
Ryo Hatano ◽  
Sachiko Tsukita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cortical Neurons ◽  
Down Regulation ◽  
Rhoa Activity ◽  
Cultured Cortical Neurons

scholarly journals Down-Regulation of the Proteoglycan Decorin Fills in the Tumor-Promoting Phenotype of Ionizing Radiation-Induced Senescent Human Breast Stromal Fibroblasts

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 1987
Author(s):  
Eleni Mavrogonatou ◽  
Adamantia Papadopoulou ◽  
Asimina Fotopoulou ◽  
Stathis Tsimelis ◽  
Heba Bassiony ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Ionizing Radiation ◽  
Cancer Progression ◽  
Breast Cancer Cell Lines ◽  
Phenotypic Trait ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Human Breast ◽  
Down Regulation ◽  
Stromal Fibroblasts ◽  
Poor Prognostic Factor

Down-regulation of the small leucine-rich proteoglycan decorin in the stroma is considered a poor prognostic factor for breast cancer progression. Ionizing radiation, an established treatment for breast cancer, provokes the premature senescence of the adjacent to the tumor stromal fibroblasts. Here, we showed that senescent human breast stromal fibroblasts are characterized by the down-regulation of decorin at the mRNA and protein level, as well as by its decreased deposition in the pericellular extracellular matrix in vitro. Senescence-associated decorin down-regulation is a long-lasting process rather than an immediate response to γ-irradiation. Growth factors were demonstrated to participate in an autocrine manner in decorin down-regulation, with bFGF and VEGF being the critical mediators of the phenomenon. Autophagy inhibition by chloroquine reduced decorin mRNA levels, while autophagy activation using the mTOR inhibitor rapamycin enhanced decorin transcription. Interestingly, the secretome from a series of both untreated and irradiated human breast cancer cell lines with different molecular profiles inhibited decorin expression in young and senescent stromal fibroblasts, which was annulled by SU5402, a bFGF and VEGF inhibitor. The novel phenotypic trait of senescent human breast stromal fibroblasts revealed here is added to their already described cancer-promoting role via the formation of a tumor-permissive environment.

scholarly journals The Bacterial Enzyme Cas13 Interferes with Neurite Outgrowth from Cultured Cortical Neurons

Toxins ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 262
Author(s):  
Qin-Wei Wu ◽  
Josef P. Kapfhammer
Keyword(s):  
Rna Editing ◽  
Cortical Neurons ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Primary Cultures ◽  
Cultured Neurons ◽  
Therapeutic Tool ◽  
Bacterial Enzyme ◽  
Rna Targeting ◽  
Cultured Cortical Neurons ◽  
New Generation

The CRISPR-Cas13 system based on a bacterial enzyme has been explored as a powerful new method for RNA manipulation. Due to the high efficiency and specificity of RNA editing/interference achieved by this system, it is currently being developed as a new therapeutic tool for the treatment of neurological and other diseases. However, the safety of this new generation of RNA therapies is still unclear. In this study, we constructed a vector expressing CRISPR-Cas13 under a constitutive neuron-specific promoter. CRISPR-Cas13 from Leptotrichia wadei was expressed in primary cultures of mouse cortical neurons. We found that the presence of CRISPR-Cas13 impedes the development of cultured neurons. These results show a neurotoxic action of Cas13 and call for more studies to test for and possibly mitigate the toxic effects of Cas13 enzymes in order to improve CRISPR-Cas13-based tools for RNA targeting.

scholarly journals Low Basal CB2R in Dopamine Neurons and Microglia Influences Cannabinoid Tetrad Effects

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (24) ◽  
pp. 9763
Author(s):  
Qing-Rong Liu ◽  
Ana Canseco-Alba ◽  
Ying Liang ◽  
Hiroki Ishiguro ◽  
Emmanuel S. Onaivi
Keyword(s):  
Cortical Neurons ◽  
Cannabinoid Receptors ◽  
Dynamic Range ◽  
Conditional Knockout ◽  
Dopamine Neurons ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Mouse Strains ◽  
Genotypic Differences ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Selective Agonist

There are two well-characterized cannabinoid receptors (CB1R and CB2R and other candidates): the central nervous system (CNS) enriched CB1R and peripheral tissue enriched CB2R with a wide dynamic range of expression levels in different cell types of human tissues. Hepatocytes and neurons express low baseline CB1R and CB2R, respectively, and their cell-type-specific functions are not well defined. Here we report inducible expression of CB1R in the liver by high-fat and high sugar diet and CB2R in cortical neurons by methamphetamine. While there is less controversy about hepatocyte CB1R, the presence of functional neuronal CB2R is still debated to date. We found that neuron CB2R basal expression was higher than that of hepatocyte CB1R by measuring mRNA levels of specific isoform CB2A in neurons isolated by fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) and CB1A in hepatocytes isolated by collagenase perfusion of liver. For in vivo studies, we generated hepatocyte, dopaminergic neuron, and microglia-specific conditional knockout mice (Abl-Cnr1Δ, Dat-Cnr2Δ, and Cx3cr1-Cnr2Δ) of CB1R and CB2R by crossing Cnr1f/f and Cnr2f/f strains to Abl-Cre, Dat-Cre, and Cx3cr1-Cre deleter mouse strains, respectively. Our data reveals that neuron and microglia CB2Rs are involved in the “tetrad” effects of the mixed agonist WIN 55212-2, CB1R selective agonist arachidonyl-2′-chloroethylamide (ACEA), and CB2R selective agonist JWH133. Dat-Cnr2Δ and Cx3cr1-Cnr2Δ mice showed genotypic differences in hypomobility, hypothermia, analgesia, and catalepsy induced by the synthetic cannabinoids. Alcohol conditioned place preference was abolished in DAT-Cnr2Δ mice and remained intact in Cx3cr1-Cnr2Δ mice in comparison to WT mice. These Cre-loxP recombinant mouse lines provide unique approaches in cannabinoid research for dissecting the complex endocannabinoid system that is implicated in many chronic disorders.

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