XPS study of an intumescent coating application to the ammonium polyphosphate/pentaerythritol fire-retardant system

1994 ◽  
Vol 81 (3) ◽  
pp. 299-307 ◽  
Author(s):  
Serge Bourbigot ◽  
Michel Le Bras ◽  
Léon Gengembre ◽  
René Delobel
Keyword(s):  
Fire Retardant ◽  
Ammonium Polyphosphate ◽  
Intumescent Coating ◽  
Coating Application ◽  
Xps Study

Design and Properties of Fire-Proof Coating for Tunnels

2007 ◽  
Vol 336-338 ◽  
pp. 1753-1755
Author(s):  
Ya Dong Yao ◽  
Guang Fu Yin ◽  
Xiao Wei Cheng ◽  
Xiang Li Gou
Keyword(s):  
Adhesion Strength ◽  
Magnesium Hydroxide ◽  
Fire Resistance ◽  
Water Resistance ◽  
Fire Retardant ◽  
Ammonium Polyphosphate ◽  
High Alumina ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Alumina Cement ◽  
High Alumina Cement

Silicate fireproof coatings for tunnels (FCT) have many eminent properties. But low adhesion strength and poor water/fire-resistance of this kind of materials largely limit its applications. Here we reported a new kind of FCT based on high alumina cement as principle adhesive, redispersible powder as assisting adhesive, ammonium polyphosphate as fire-retardant material, vermiculite as adiabatic padding, and magnesium hydroxide as assisting reagents. The influence of various experimental conditions on fire resistance, adhesion strength and water resistance were carefully studied. Results showed that dispersible emulsoid powder was a key component affecting adhesion strength and water resistance of FCT, whereas fire-retardant material posed significant effects on the fire resistance.

scholarly journals Intumescent Biobased-Polylactide Films to Flame Retard Nonwovens

2009 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 155892500900400 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christelle Reti ◽  
Mathilde Casetta ◽  
Sophie Duquesne ◽  
René Delobel ◽  
Jérémie Soulestin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Polylactic Acid ◽  
Flame Spread ◽  
Renewable Resources ◽  
Fire Retardant ◽  
Ammonium Polyphosphate ◽  
Cone Calorimetry ◽  
New Process ◽  
Potential Use

The work focuses on the development of a new process to flame retard nonwovens, using films based on renewable resources. Films consist in intumescent formulations of polylactic acid (PLA), ammonium polyphosphate (APP) blended with lignin or starch and are coated on hemp or wool nonwovens. The objective of this study was to investigate the fire retardant and mechanical properties of textiles protected by FR PLA films for potential use in building applications. Horizontal and vertical flame spread tests as well as cone calorimetry tests show that flammability properties of nonwovens are significantly improved. Better mechanical properties are also obtained with coated nonwovens.

Intumescent Type Fire Retardant Epoxy Coating

2020 ◽  
Vol 992 ◽  
pp. 605-609
Author(s):  
L. Pestereva ◽  
N. Shakirov ◽  
Оlga G. Shakirova
Keyword(s):  
Fire Resistance ◽  
Fire Protection ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Fire Retardant ◽  
Epoxy Coating ◽  
Performance Characteristics ◽  
Ammonium Polyphosphate ◽  
Metal Structures ◽  
Intumescent Coatings ◽  
Fire Retardant Properties

This article discusses one of the methods of fire protection, namely, the coating of metal structures with fire retardant paints. Intumescent coatings are currently the most widely used. Fire retardant coatings based on epoxy paints have high performance characteristics and are promising. As the foaming component, the system of ammonium polyphosphate - pentaerythritol - melamine (in a ratio of 2: 1: 1) was selected. The fire retardant properties of the developed material were investigated. Coatings on the base of the developed fire retardant paint allow us to increase own level of fire resistance of metal constructions up to three (90 minutes).

scholarly journals Comparing the effect of nanoclays on the water-resistance of intumescent fire-retardant coatings

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (6 (111)) ◽  
pp. 59-70
Author(s):  
Liubov Vakhitova ◽  
Kostyantyn Kalafat ◽  
Viktoriia Plavan ◽  
Volodymyr Bessarabov ◽  
Nadezhda Тaran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vinyl Acetate ◽  
Fire Resistance ◽  
Water Resistance ◽  
Fire Retardant ◽  
Ethylene Vinyl Acetate ◽  
Ammonium Polyphosphate ◽  
Properties Of Coatings ◽  
Decay Period ◽  
Intumescent Coatings ◽  
Organically Modified

This paper reports a study into the effect of nanoclays on the water-resistance of the intumescent system ammonium polyphosphate/melamine/pentaerythritol/titanium dioxide/polymer (ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) or styrene acrylate (SA). It has been established that adding nanoclay to a coating based on ethylene vinyl acetate increases the fire resistance limit of a metal plate by 30 %, and to a coating based on styrene acrylate – by 50 %. At the same time, coatings that include the EVA polymer are characterized by greater fire-retardant efficiency and less water resistance than coatings containing the SA polymer. It has been shown that intumescent coatings, regardless of the nature of the polymer, under the conditions of 80 % humidity over 800 days their reduce fire-protective properties by an average of 10 %. The loss of coating fire resistance occurs due to the leaching of pentaerythritol, ammonium polyphosphate, and polymer degradation by hydrolysis. The admixtures of nanoclays with a high degree of exfoliation to the studied system create a barrier effect and maximize the chemical formulation of the intumescent coating. The fireproof properties of coatings with organically-modified montmorillonite admixtures are maintained or reduced to 5 % under the conditions of 80 % humidity over 800 days. It has been determined that the direct effect of water on the coating over a period of more than 2 days leads to a significant decrease in the swelling coefficient of intumescent coatings, regardless of the content of a nanoclay admixture in their composition. At the same time, the half-decay period of coatings without nanoclay, calculated on the basis of solubility constant in water, is 0.5 days. For coatings, which include the admixtures of organically-modified nanoclays, the half-decay period increases to 2 days. The results reported in this paper could be recommended for designing water-proof fire-resistant reactive-type nano-coatings with prolonged service life.

scholarly journals Development and optimization of fire-protective coating composition based on epoxypolymers

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (3(60)) ◽  
pp. 18-20
Author(s):  
Oleksandr Hryhorenko ◽  
Yevheniia Zolkina
Keyword(s):  
Aluminum Hydroxide ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Fire Retardant ◽  
Epoxy Oligomer ◽  
Carbon Layer ◽  
Response Surfaces ◽  
Ammonium Polyphosphate ◽  
Swelling Ratio ◽  
Coating Composition ◽  
Swelling Coefficient

The object of research is intumescent fire retardant coatings based on epoxy resins. The research is aimed at the development of mathematical models of the dependence of the swelling rate of intumescent fire retardant coatings on their composition. Considering the complexity of the processes during the formation of a protective carbon layer, it is advisable to select the optimal ratio of the components of an intumescent fire retardant coating experimentally, followed by the construction of mathematical dependences of the swelling ratio on the coating composition. Therefore, experimental studies aimed at developing and optimizing the composition of an intumescent fire retardant coating based on epoxy polymers are an important task. The studies were carried out in accordance with the theory of planning experiments with the construction of an orthogonal compositional plan of the second order. A linear swelling factor was chosen as the response function. Compositions based on the ED-20 epoxy oligomer, cured with polyethylene polyamine and filled with ammonium polyphosphate, aluminum hydroxide, and graphite additive were used for the study. Based on the results of processing the experimental results, a regression equation was obtained and response surfaces were constructed that describe the dependence of the linear swelling coefficient Cs of an intumescent composition based on an epoxy oligomer on the content of ammonium polyphosphate, aluminum hydroxide and graphite additive. A complex relationship is shown between the content of components and the linear swelling coefficient Cs with different ratios of the components. The optimum by the linear swelling coefficient (Cs=68.1) content of the components in the epoxy polymer was determined, amounting to 20 wt. including for ammonium polyphosphate, 15 mass parts including for aluminum hydroxide and 3 mass parts for the graphite additive. However, with such a ratio, the «self-extinguishing» condition is not met (Cs=27 %). Filling the composition with ammonium polyphosphate in an amount of 26.3 mass parts including, aluminum hydroxide 25 mass parts and 3.5 mass parts including graphite additives allows to get an intumescent fire retardant coating with a swelling ratio Cs over 63 and a reduced level of flammability (Ci=31 %)

scholarly journals ПІДВИЩЕННЯ ВОГНЕЗАХИСНОЇ ЕФЕКТИВНОСТІ ІНТУМЕСЦЕНТНИХ ЕПОКСИДНИХ ПОКРИТТІВ СПОЛУКАМИ ІНТЕРКАЛЬОВАНОГО ГРАФІТУ

2021 ◽  
Vol 152 (6) ◽  
pp. 55-65
Author(s):  
Л. М. Вахітова ◽  
В. П. Плаван ◽  
В. І. Шологон ◽  
К. В. Калафат ◽  
Н. А. Таран ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Epoxy Resin ◽  
Oxidative Degradation ◽  
Fire Retardant ◽  
Ammonium Polyphosphate ◽  
Thermal Oxidative Degradation ◽  
Char Residue ◽  
Temperature Range ◽  
Char Layer ◽  
Polymer Component ◽  
Intumescent System

Investigation of the effect of nitrate oxide graphite on the parameters of char layer, obtained from the system of ammonium polyphosphate / melamine / pentaerythritol / epoxy resin under the influence of temperatures of 200–800 °С.  Methodology.  A  fire  retardant  mixture  was  chosen  as  a  model  intumescent  system  ammonium polyphosphate / melamine / pentaerythritol. As a polymer component was used bisphenols A / F epoxy resin together with a polyamidoamine hardener. Nitrate oxide graphite was obtained by oxidation of natural scaly graphite  with fuming  nitrogen  acid.  The  effect  of  impurities  of  nitrate  oxide  graphite  was  determined  by thermogravimetry  on  the  intumescence  coefficient  of  intumescent  compositions  and  the  mass  of  the  char residue intumescent compositions in temperature range of 200–800 °С.  Findings. The influence of nitrate oxide graphite on the characteristics was studied of char layer of epoxy intumescent system ammonium polyphosphate / melamine / pentaerythritol / epoxy resin. The study of thermal  oxidative  degradation  was  carried  out  intumescent  compositions  in  the  temperature  range  200–800 °С. It was shown that intercalated graphite compounds increase the thermal stability of the formed char layer at temperatures > 600 °С. Determined intumescence coefficients and thermogravimetric analysis of modified intumescent systems was performed nitrate oxide graphite with different degrees of intercalation, in the conditions of 200–800 °С. It was established that the optimal parameters of the char layer are in terms of volume intumescence coefficient and mass of the char residue are provided by graphites, which contain 15–25% of intercalant in its composition. But the results obtained allow us to determine nitrate oxide graphite as a promising modifier of epoxy intumescent systems to increase its fire protection efficiency. Originality.  The  influence  of  degree  of  intercalation  of  nitrate  oxide  graphite  was  studied  on  the characteristics of char layer of epoxy intumescent system for the first time.  Practical value. The optimal content of intercalant in nitrate oxide graphite was established for the development of formulations of intumescent epoxy coatings with increased fire retardant properties.

scholarly journals Improved pyrolysis behavior of ammonium polyphosphate-melamine-expandable (APP-MEL-EG) intumescent fire retardant coating system using ceria and dolomite as additives for I-beam steel application

Heliyon ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. e03119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua B. Zoleta ◽  
Gevelyn B. Itao ◽  
Vannie Joy T. Resabal ◽  
Arnold A. Lubguban ◽  
Ryan D. Corpuz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fire Retardant ◽  
Ammonium Polyphosphate ◽  
Coating System ◽  
Pyrolysis Behavior
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