Visual, auditory and reaction time approaches to the measurement of speed of information processing and individual differences in intelligence

1986 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 659-667 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dennis P. Saccuzzo ◽  
Gerald E. Larson ◽  
Bernard Rimland
Keyword(s):  
Information Processing ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Speed Of Information Processing

Relationships Between University Students’ Gender and Physical Activity (PA) and Their Exercise Self-Schemas, Processing of PA-Related Information, and PA Decision-Making

2021 ◽  
pp. 003151252110601
Author(s):  
In Kyoung Park ◽  
Youngho Kim
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Information Processing ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
University Students ◽  
Information Processing Speed ◽  
Exercise Interventions ◽  
Speed Of Information Processing ◽  
Future Behavior ◽  
Self Schema

In the current study, we investigated the effects of gender and regular physical activity (PA) on PA decision-making and speed of information processing. We enrolled 110 university students ( Mage = 20.91, SD =2.28 years) in an experiment involving two tasks and a questionnaire. One of the two tasks assessed how much participants agreed with presented PA words and phrases and the other task predicted behavior and responses to future situations. We collected and measured the participants’ choices and the time they took to make them. The questionnaire, the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ), consisted of exercise self-schema and PA questions. We conducted a 2 (gender: male or female) ×2 (regular PA or not) multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) and found statistically significant differences between variables as a function of participants’ gender (λ = .66, p < .001) and regular PA engagement (λ = .51, p < .001). In a regression analysis, we also found gender differences [males showed relationships between agreement with PA information and information processing speed for decisions on future behavior ( R 2 = .31, F = 12.50); females showed relationships between their exercise self-schema ( R 2 = .26, F = 18.18) and regular PA such that, in the non-regular PA group, exercise self-schema was related to reaction time in making decisions on future behavior ( R 2 = .29, F = 11.23), and in the regular PA group, agreement with PA information was related to reaction time for PA-related words, and agreement with non-PA information ( R 2 = .29, F = 8.91)]. These results highlight the need to consider participant characteristics when designing exercise interventions, and we present supplementary data regarding exercise self-schemas, decision-making, and the speed of processing PA information.

Comparison of Two Reaction-Time Tasks and Their Relation to Intelligence

1987 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 867-870 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark A. Small ◽  
J. F. Raney ◽  
Terry J. Knapp
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Information Processing ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Processing Speed ◽  
Reaction Time Task ◽  
Information Processing Speed ◽  
Time Task ◽  
Speed Of Information Processing ◽  
Time Parameters

Two reaction time tasks were compared as measures of information-processing speed. A multiple R between the WAIS—R Full, Performance, and Verbal scales and several reaction time parameters was calculated for 28 college students. Results indicate that the reaction-time task used in exploring the relationships between speed of information processing and IQ can be less complex than those used to date.

Information Processing as a Predictor of Offensive Ability in Baseball

1985 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 775-781 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darhl Nielsen ◽  
Carl McGown
Keyword(s):  
Information Processing ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Movement Time ◽  
State University ◽  
Baseball Players ◽  
Brigham Young University ◽  
Colorado State University ◽  
University Of Utah ◽  
Speed Of Information Processing ◽  
Processing Ability

It has become very popular to view the human as a processor of information, with reaction time (RT) used in various ways to measure the speed of information processing. In many sports quick decisions are essential to success. It is tempting to study reaction time, infer information-processing ability, and use the results to make predictions about success. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between various RT and movement time (MT) measures [simple RT, simple MT, simple total response time (TRT), choice RT, choice MT, choice TRT, and information-processing ability as determined by the increase in RT from simple to eight-choice conditions] with batting average, slugging percentage, and total average. 40 varsity baseball players from Colorado State University, University of Wyoming, University of Utah, and Brigham Young University were given 24 practice attempts followed by 48 experimental attempts for both simple and choice RT and MT. These scores were then correlated with batting averages, slugging percentages, and total averages. This research demonstrated no relationship between the various measurements of reaction and movement times and offensive ability in baseball.

The Speed of Information Processing of 9- to 13-Year-Old Intellectually Gifted Children

2013 ◽  
Vol 112 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoju Duan ◽  
Zhou Dan ◽  
Jiannong Shi
Keyword(s):  
Information Processing ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Reaction Time Task ◽  
Inspection Time ◽  
Matching Task ◽  
Gifted Children ◽  
Information Processing Speed ◽  
Time Task ◽  
Speed Of Information Processing ◽  
Intellectually Gifted

In general, intellectually gifted children perform better than non-gifted children across many domains. The present validation study investigated the speed with which intellectually gifted children process information. 184 children, ages 9 to 13 years old (91 gifted, M age = 10.9 yr., SD = 1.8; 93 non-gifted children, M age = 11.0 yr., SD = 1.7) were tested individually on three information processing tasks: an inspection time task, a choice reaction time task, an abstract matching task. Intellectually gifted children outperformed their non-gifted peers on all three tasks obtaining shorter reaction time and doing so with greater accuracy. The findings supported the validity of the information processing speed in identifying intellectually gifted children.

Choice Reaction Time and Speed of Information Processing in Old Age

1973 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 321-322 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walter W. Surwillo
Keyword(s):  
Information Processing ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Old Age ◽  
Choice Reaction Time ◽  
Speed Of Information Processing

Simple and choice RT were investigated in 54 male Ss, aged 34 to 92 yr. Findings suggested that old age is accompanied by a slowing of information processing.

Divided Attention After Closed Head Injury

2003 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 203-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frederiec K. Withaar ◽  
Wiebo H. Brouwer
Keyword(s):  
Information Processing ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Head Injury ◽  
Divided Attention ◽  
Closed Head Injury ◽  
Reaction Time Task ◽  
Complex Tasks ◽  
Mental Flexibility ◽  
Speed Of Information Processing ◽  
Closed Head

Abstract: One of the most persisting sequelae of closed head injury (CHI) is a general slowing of information processing. With neuropsychological testing, the effect is already apparent in simple reaction time tests. The slowing is more pronounced in complex tasks requiring divided attention. This study aims at explaining impairments in divided attention in terms of reduced speed of information processing, and impaired mental flexibility. Three types of mental flexibility are proposed: Stimulus driven (four choice reaction time and auditory reaction time task), memory driven (Trailmaking B test), and strategy driven flexibility tasks (continuous tracking task and arrow identification task). Divided attention paradigms were studied in 26 subacute CHI patients and 25 orthopedic control subjects. Results demonstrated that a reduced speed of information processing was largely responsible for divided attention impairments. Additional impairments in complex divided attention tasks only emerged in the most complex tasks (that is in the strategy driven flexibility task).

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