Evaluation of Shigella vaccine safety and efficacy in an intranasally challenged mouse model

Infants born prematurely (before completion of 37 weeks of gestation) are at increased risk of morbidity and mortality due to vaccine preventable diseases, mostly because of their immunological immaturity and failure of transfer of maternal protective antibodies. Despite their great need of being vaccinated, concerns on vaccine safety and efficacy, constitute the main reasons for which vaccinations are often delayed in this group. In this review we summarize the latest evidence on vaccine safety, efficacy and immunogenicity in preterm infants which is similar to full-term infants. Therefore there is no reason for delaying vaccination in this population.

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EXTH-16. HUMAN PLACENTAL HEMATOPOIETIC STEM CELL DERIVED NATURAL KILLER CELLS FOR GLIOBLASTOMA IMMUNOTHERAPY

Neuro-Oncology ◽

10.1093/neuonc/noz175.350 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 21 (Supplement_6) ◽

pp. vi85-vi85

Author(s):

Shuyang He ◽

Joseph Gleason ◽

Nassir Habboubi ◽

Robert Hariri ◽

Xiaokui Zhang

Keyword(s):

Mouse Model ◽

Clinical Symptoms ◽

Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽

Phase 1 ◽

Human Telomerase Reverse Transcriptase ◽

Hematopoietic Stem ◽

Safety And Efficacy ◽

Nsg Mice ◽

Nsg Mouse

Abstract Taniraleucel (CYNK-001) is an allogeneic, off-the-shelf cell therapy enriched for CD56+/CD3- NK cells expanded from placental CD34+ cells. CYNK-001 exhibits in vitro cytotoxicity against various cancer cell types, including glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), and secretes cytokines during co-culture with cancer cells. To evaluate in vivo anti-GBM activity, safety and persistence of CYNK-001, we conducted two studies in the non-obese diabetic (NOD)-scid IL2Rgammanull (NSG) immune deficient mouse models. First, CYNK-001 in vivo anti-GBM activity was assessed in a U-87MG orthotopic NSG mouse model. Luciferase-expressing U-87MG cells were stereotactically injected into the cranium of NSG mice at Day 0. Repeated dosing of 0.5x106 CYNK-001 cells at Day 14 and Day 25 by intracranial (IC) injection showed a statistically significant reduction of Bioluminescence Imaging (BLI) compared to the PBS control. Furthermore, intravenous (IV) and intracerebroventricular (ICV) routes of administration were evaluated compared to IC. CYNK-001 administered with IC resulted in a greater reduction of BLI than IV and ICV. Second, a single-dose toxicity study was conducted in naïve NSG mice to assess the safety and persistence of CYNK-001 following an IC injection. IC administration of 1×106 CYNK-001 was well tolerated, and no adverse clinical symptoms were observed. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) analysis for the human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) gene revealed that CYNK-001 persisted in the brain up to seven days. Our studies demonstrated that CYNK-001with IC administration appears safe and well tolerated in naïve as well as U-87MG tumor bearing NSG mice. Furthermore, CYNK-001 anti-tumor activity was exhibited in a GBM orthotopic NSG mouse model. Taken together, our data support a safety and efficacy evaluation of CYNK-001 in patients with GBM. A Phase 1 study in adult patients with recurrent/refractory GBM is planned to start this year evaluating the safety and efficacy of CYNK-001 with both IV and IC administrations.

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Oral application of live oocyst-based coccidiosis vaccine: safety and efficacy

Parasitology International ◽

10.1016/s1383-5769(98)80757-5 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 47 ◽

pp. 271

Author(s):

A. Vermeulen ◽

T. Schetters ◽

H. Janssen ◽

H. Peek ◽

W. Braunius

Keyword(s):

Vaccine Safety ◽

Safety And Efficacy ◽

Oral Application

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Evaluation of safety and efficacy of RNAi against HIV-1 in the human immune system (Rag-2-/-γc-/-) mouse model

Gene Therapy ◽

10.1038/gt.2008.124 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

pp. 148-153 ◽

Cited By ~ 59

Author(s):

O ter Brake ◽

N Legrand ◽

K J von Eije ◽

M Centlivre ◽

H Spits ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Immune System ◽

Mouse Model ◽

Human Immune System ◽

Safety And Efficacy ◽

Human Immune ◽

Hiv 1

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Prevalence and Determinants of Vaccine Hesitancy in Aseer Region, Saudi Arabia

Sultan Qaboos University Medical Journal [SQUMJ] ◽

10.18295/squmj.4.2021.023 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Youssef Ali Alqahtani ◽

Khalid Hussein Almutairi ◽

Yahya Mohammed Alqahtani ◽

Ahmed Hussein Almutlaq ◽

Anas Ali Asiri

Keyword(s):

Saudi Arabia ◽

Demographic Data ◽

Herd Immunity ◽

Vaccine Safety ◽

Vaccination Schedule ◽

Vaccine Hesitancy ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Safety And Efficacy ◽

Childhood Vaccines ◽

Child Vaccination

Objectives: Vaccination is the provision of a vaccine to initiate immunity trough stimulating immune system to develop protection from a certain disease. When a sufficiently large proportion of a population has been vaccinated, herd immunity initiated. The effectiveness of vaccination has been widely studied and verified. Although the harsh vaccine safety systems, some parents remain minded regarding the safety of the childhood vaccines and immunization schedule. These hesitations pushed some parents to not allow their children to receive some or all the scheduled vaccines. The aim of the study is to assess the general population awareness regarding vaccines and to detect prevalence of vaccine hesitancy in Aseer region, southern of Saudi Arabia. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional approach was used targeting all parents in Aseer region. Data were collected using structured questionnaire which developed by the researchers after intensive literature review and expert’s consultation. The questionnaire data included parents’ socio-demographic data, parents’ awareness regarding child vaccines safety and efficacy, parents’ attitude and adherence to children vaccination and hesitancy towards vaccines. Results: The survey included 796 participants whose ages ranged from 18 to 55 years old. Two thirds (63.4%) of the participants were females. Regarding vaccination adherence and hesitancy among participants, more than three quarters were completely adherent to the child vaccination schedule and only 3.9% were non adherent. As for participants awareness regarding child vaccination safety and efficacy, 89.3% of the respondents agreed on that vaccination keep child healthy, 84.2% reported that child vaccine is safe and effective, 83.4% said that all Saudi scheduled vaccines are effective. Conclusion: In conclusion, the study revealed that vaccine hesitancy among participants was not low and should be considered irrespective of their high awareness level. The recorded antivaccine action was mostly related to vaccines safety not efficacy. Keywords: Vaccine hesitancy, antivaccine movement, parents, awareness, adherence

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Persuasive messaging for human papillomavirus vaccination by adolescent providers in a five-country multi-site study

International Journal of Gynecological Cancer ◽

10.1136/ijgc-2018-000004 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 29 (2) ◽

pp. 250-256

Author(s):

Janvier Rwamwejo ◽

Silvina Ramos ◽

Karen Morgan ◽

Karin Richter ◽

Chan Joo Kim ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cervical Cancer ◽

Human Papillomavirus ◽

National Policy ◽

Vaccine Safety ◽

Cervical Cancer Prevention ◽

Decision Makers ◽

Patient Acceptance ◽

Human Papillomavirus Vaccination ◽

Safety And Efficacy ◽

Prevention Messages

ObjectiveStrong persuasive messaging by providers is a key predictor for patient acceptance of prophylactic human papillomavirus vaccination. We aimed to determine optimal messaging to promote human papillomavirus adolescent vaccination across different geographical sites.MethodsAdolescent providers (n = 151) from Argentina, Malaysia, South Africa, South Korea, and Spain were surveyed on messages, family decision makers, and sources of communication to best motivate parents to vaccinate their adolescent daughters overall, and against human papillomavirus. Multivariate logistic regression assessed the likelihood of recommending messages specifically targeted at cervical cancer with providers’ characteristics: gender, medical specialization, and previous administration of human papillomavirus vaccination.ResultsMothers were considered the most important human papillomavirus vaccination decision makers for their daughters (range 93%–100%). Television was cited as the best source of information on human papillomavirus vaccination in surveyed countries (range 56.5%–87.1%), except Spain where one-on-one discussions were most common (73.3%). Prevention messages were considered the most likely to motivate parents to vaccinate their daughters overall, and against human papillomavirus, in all five countries (range 30.8%–55.9%). Optimal messages emphasized cervical cancer prevention, and included strong provider recommendation to vaccinate, vaccine safety and efficacy, timely vaccination, and national policy for human papillomavirus vaccination. Pediatricians and obstetricians/gynecologists were more likely to cite that the best prevention messages should focus on cervical cancer (OR: 4.2, 95% CI: 1.17 to 15.02 vs other medical specialists).ConclusionsProvider communication messages that would motivate parents to vaccinate against human papillomavirus were based on strong recommendation emphasizing prevention of cervical cancer. To frame convincing messages to increase vaccination uptake, adolescent providers should receive updated training on human papillomavirus and associated cancers, while clearly addressing human papillomavirus vaccination safety and efficacy.

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