UP-regulation of the heat-stable toxin receptor in the regenerating rat liver: An acute phase response? , Divisions of Ped GJ/Nutr and Basic Science, Children's Hospital Medical Center and University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH

Guanylate cyclase C (GC-C) is a transmembrane protein that serves as a receptor for the recently characterized endogenous ligand guanylin and for Escherichia coli heat-stable toxin (STa). Binding of either guanylin or STa to intestinal GC-C results in net chloride secretion. Although GC-C is expressed in the rat intestine throughout life, its expression in the rat liver has previously been shown to occur only during the perinatal period. As a step toward elucidating the role of this receptor in the liver, we tested the hypothesis that GC-C mRNA expression could be induced in the adult rat liver following 1) partial hepatectomy, a stimulus for hepatocyte proliferation; 2) intraperitoneal carbon tetrachloride injection, a model of hepatocyte regeneration in the presence of inflammatory changes; and 3) subcutaneous turpentine injection, which generates an acute phase response without hepatocyte proliferation. We demonstrated expression of GC-C mRNA in the regenerating rat liver following either partial hepatectomy or CCl4-induced hepatic necrosis. We have also shown that GC-C mRNA expression occurred in association with an acute phase reaction. Coordinate with the expression of GC-C mRNA, there was upregulation of radiolabeled STa binding to liver plasma membranes prepared from turpentine-treated rats. Maximal expression of GC-C occurred in preparations enriched for the canalicular domain. Although the function of GC-C in the liver is unknown, localization to the canalicular domain would be consistent with a role for GC-C in hepatic chloride secretion, especially in the perinatal liver and during hepatocyte regeneration.

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Gene expression in regenerating and acute-phase rat liver

AJP Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajpgi.1990.259.3.g340 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 259 (3) ◽

pp. G340-G347 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

J. Milland ◽

A. Tsykin ◽

T. Thomas ◽

A. R. Aldred ◽

T. Cole ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Vitamin D ◽

Rat Liver ◽

Acute Phase ◽

Acute Phase Response ◽

Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxykinase ◽

Binding Protein ◽

Ornithine Transcarbamylase ◽

Phase Response ◽

Mrna Levels ◽

Vitamin D Binding Protein

The integration of growth and the acute-phase response is investigated by comparing the mRNA levels in rat liver during acute inflammation with those after partial hepatectomy. Northern analysis is carried out for the mRNAs for thiostatin, alpha 2-macroglobulin, alpha 1-antitrypsin, inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor subunit 1, haptoglobin, ceruloplasmin, transferrin, vitamin D-binding protein, alpha 1-acid glycoprotein, beta-fibrinogen, apolipoproteins A-IV and E, albumin, transthyretin, alpha 2-HS-glycoprotein, retinol-binding protein, beta-tubulin, c-myc protooncogene, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase, ornithine transcarbamylase, and alcohol dehydrogenase. The acute-phase response dominates during the first 18 h. Changes in mRNA levels related to growth of the liver become important thereafter, and the capacity for an acute-phase response of plasma protein synthesis becomes greatly reduced. The early increase in the level of ceruloplasmin mRNA observed during inflammation is abolished during regeneration, and that of vitamin D-binding protein mRNA is converted into a decrease. The mRNAs levels of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase increase, and those for phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase decrease during regeneration. Ornithine transcarbamylase mRNA levels are found to exhibit negative acute-phase regulation. The pattern of transcriptional regulation is similar during inflammation and regeneration.

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STAT3/NFκB Interplay in the Regulation of α2-Macroglobulin Gene Expression During Rat Liver Development and the Acute Phase Response

IUBMB Life ◽

10.1080/15216540701272612 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 59 (3) ◽

pp. 170-178 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Aleksandra Uskokovic ◽

Svetlana Dinic ◽

Mirjana Mihailovic ◽

Ilijana Grigorov ◽

Svetlana Ivanovic-Matic ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Rat Liver ◽

Acute Phase ◽

Acute Phase Response ◽

Phase Response ◽

Liver Development ◽

Α2 Macroglobulin

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Expression of the α1-acid glycoprotein gene in fetal rat liver during acute phase response

Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A Molecular & Integrative Physiology ◽

10.1016/s1095-6433(99)90456-7 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 124 ◽

pp. S115

Author(s):

M Mihailovic ◽

M Petrovic ◽

Z Milicevic ◽

D Bogojevic

Keyword(s):

Rat Liver ◽

Acute Phase ◽

Acute Phase Response ◽

Phase Response ◽

Acid Glycoprotein ◽

Glycoprotein Gene ◽

Fetal Rat ◽

Fetal Rat Liver

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Albumin and the fibrinogen-to-albumin ratio: Biomarkers for the acute phase response following total knee arthroplasty

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0247070 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (2) ◽

pp. e0247070

Author(s):

Emilie Amaro ◽

Stephanie N. Moore-Lotridge ◽

Bronson Wessinger ◽

Michael A. Benvenuti ◽

Thomas J. An ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Total Knee Arthroplasty ◽

Acute Phase ◽

Knee Arthroplasty ◽

Acute Phase Response ◽

Medical Center ◽

Low Cost ◽

Phase Response ◽

Acute Phase Reactants ◽

Albumin Ratio ◽

Total Knee

Purpose Complications following total knee arthroplasty (TKA) lead to patient morbidity and cost. While acute phase reactants, such as c-reactive protein (CRP) and fibrinogen, have been used to predict complications following TKA, the extent and duration of changes in albumin levels following TKA are unknown. It is hypothesized that like CRP and fibrinogen, albumin, and the fibrinogen/albumin ratio (FAR) represent useful measures of the acute phase response (APR) following TKA. The purpose of this study was to describe the longitudinal course of albumin and FAR in healthy patients following TKA, relative to established biomarkers, and examine if the variance in albumin or FAR correlates with patient comorbidities. Methods This retrospective cohort study of patients undergoing TKA at a tertiary medical center. CRP, fibrinogen, and albumin values were collected pre- and post-operatively. An age-adjusted Charlson comorbidity index (CCI) was utilized as a measure of patient comorbidity status. Results The median preoperative albumin value was 4.3 g/dL, which dropped to 3.6 g/dL on postoperative day 1 following TKA. The albumin value returned to 93% of the baseline by postoperative week 2. The course of albumin inversely mirrored the course of CRP (r = -0.41). Median preoperative FAR was 0.087 g/L, which rose to 0.130 g/L by postoperative week 2 and returned to baseline by postoperative week 6. While preoperative FAR strongly correlated with postoperative week 2 values (r = 0.74), there was a weak positive correlation between age-adjusted CCI and pre-operative FAR (r = 0.24) in patients undergoing primary TKA. Conclusion Albumin levels follow a predictable postoperative decline that inversely correlates with CRP in healthy patients following TKA. Given the low cost and abundance of laboratories offering albumin levels, direct albumin levels and/or albumin ratios such as FAR may be underutilized biomarkers for monitoring the APR following TKA.

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