Reference foF2 measurement data set for long-term temperate-latitude regional mapping

1995 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 163-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.A. Bradley ◽  
S.S. Kouris ◽  
Th. Xenos ◽  
M.I. Dick
Keyword(s):  
Measurement Data ◽  
Regional Mapping ◽  
Temperate Latitude ◽  
Data Set

scholarly journals Long-term observation of midlatitude quasi 2-day waves by a water vapor radiometer

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (16) ◽  
pp. 12061-12074 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Lainer ◽  
Klemens Hocke ◽  
Niklaus Kämpfer
Keyword(s):  
Water Vapor ◽  
Large Fraction ◽  
Dynamical Behavior ◽  
Measurement Data ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Water Vapor Radiometer ◽  
Long Term Observation ◽  
Scientific Value ◽  
High Degree

Abstract. A mesospheric water vapor data set obtained by the middle atmospheric water vapor radiometer (MIAWARA) close to Bern, Switzerland (46.88∘ N, 7.46∘ E) during October 2010 to September 2017 is investigated to study the long-term evolution and variability of quasi 2-day waves (Q2DWs). We present a climatological overview and an insight on the dynamical behavior of these waves with the occurring spectrum of periods as seen from a midlatitude observation site. Such a large and nearly continuous measurement data set as ours is rare and of high scientific value. The core results of our investigation indicate that the activity of the Q2DW manifests in burst-like events and is higher during winter months (November–February) than during summer months (May–August) for the altitude region of the mesosphere (up to 0.02 hPa in winter and up to 0.05 hPa in summer) accessible for the instrument. Single Q2DW events reach at most about 0.8 ppm in the H2O amplitudes. Further, monthly mean Q2DW amplitude spectra are presented and reveal a high-frequency variability between different months. A large fraction of identified Q2DW events (20 %) develop periods between 38 and 40 h. Further, we show the temporal evolution of monthly mean Q2DW oscillations continuously for all months and separated for single months over 7 years. The analysis of autobicoherence spectra gives evidence that Q2DWs are sometimes phase coupled to diurnal oscillations to a high degree and to waves with a period close to 18 h.

scholarly journals Long-term observation of mid-latitude quasi 2-day waves by a water vapor radiometer

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Lainer ◽  
Klemens Hocke ◽  
Niklaus Kämpfer
Keyword(s):  
Water Vapor ◽  
Large Fraction ◽  
Dynamical Behavior ◽  
Measurement Data ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Water Vapor Radiometer ◽  
Long Term Observation ◽  
Scientific Value ◽  
High Degree

Abstract. A mesospheric water vapor data set obtained by the middle atmospheric water vapor radiometer (MIAWARA) close to Bern, Switzerland (46.88° N, 7.46° E) during October 2010 to September 2017 is investigated to study the long-term evolution and variability of quasi 2-day waves (Q2DWs). We present a climatological overview and an insight on the dynamical behavior of these waves with the occurring spectrum of periods as seen from a mid-latitude observation site. Such a large and nearly continuous measurement data set as ours is rare and of high scientific value. The core results of our investigation include that the activity of the Q2DW manifests in burst-like events and is higher during winter months (November–February) than during summer months (May–August) for the altitude region of the mesosphere (up to 0.02 hPa in winter and up to 0.05 hPa in summer) that is accessible for the instrument. Single Q2DW events reach at most about 0.8 ppm in the H2O amplitudes. Further, monthly mean Q2DW amplitude spectra are presented and reveal a high frequency variability between different months. A large fraction of identified Q2DW events (20 %) develop periods between 38–40 h. Further, we show the temporal evolution of monthly mean Q2DW oscillations continuously for all months and separated for single months over 7 years. The analysis of autobicoherence spectra gives evidence that the Q2DW occasionally is to a high degree phase coupled to diurnal oscillations and to waves with a period close to 18 h.

scholarly journals Workshop on Overcoming Measurement Barriers to Internet Research (WOMBIR 2021) final report

2021 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 33-40
Author(s):  
KC Claffy ◽  
David Clark ◽  
John Heidemann ◽  
Fabian Bustamante ◽  
Mattijs Jonker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Critical Infrastructure ◽  
Measurement Data ◽  
Internet Research ◽  
Final Report ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
Mobile Networking ◽  
Network Properties

In January and April 2021 we held the Workshop on Overcoming Measurement Barriers to Internet Research (WOMBIR) with the goal of understanding challenges in network and security data set collection and sharing. Most workshop attendees provided white papers describing their perspectives, and many participated in short-talks and discussion in two virtual workshops over five days. That discussion produced consensus around several points. First, many aspects of the Internet are characterized by decreasing visibility of important network properties, which is in tension with the Internet's role as critical infrastructure. We discussed three specific research areas that illustrate this tension: security, Internet access; and mobile networking. We discussed visibility challenges at all layers of the networking stack, and the challenge of gathering data and validating inferences. Important data sets require longitudinal (long-term, ongoing) data collection and sharing, support for which is more challenging for Internet research than other fields. We discussed why a combination of technical and policy methods are necessary to safeguard privacy when using or sharing measurement data. Workshop participant proposed several opportunities to accelerate progress, some of which require coordination across government, industry, and academia.

scholarly journals Seasonal effects in the long-term correction of short-term wind measurements using reanalysis data

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Basse ◽  
Doron Callies ◽  
Anselm Grötzner ◽  
Lukas Pauscher
Keyword(s):  
Reference Data ◽  
Measurement Data ◽  
Reanalysis Data ◽  
Seasonal Effects ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Abstract Measure ◽  
Wind Measurements ◽  
Theoretical Considerations

Abstract. Measure-Correlate-Predict (MCP) approaches are often used to correct wind measurements to the long-term wind conditions on site. This paper investigates systematic errors in MCP-based long-term corrections which occur if the measurement on site covers only a few months (seasonal biases). In this context, two common linear MCP methods are tested and compared, namely Variance Ratio and Linear Regression with Residuals. Wind measurement data from 18 sites with different terrain complexity in Germany are used (measurement heights between 100 and 140 m). Six different reanalysis data sets serve as the reference (long-term) wind data in the MCP calculations. Besides experimental results, theoretical considerations are presented which provide the mathematical background for understanding the observations. General relationships are derived which trace the seasonal biases to the mechanics of the methods and the properties of the reanalysis data sets. This allows the transfer of the results of this study to different measurement durations, other reference data sets and other regions of the world. In this context, it is shown both theoretically and experimentally that the results do not only depend on the selected reference data set but also significantly change with the choice of the MCP method.

Configurations to Superior Environmental Innovation Strategy: A Both–And Approach

2021 ◽  
pp. 108602662110316
Author(s):  
Tiziana Russo-Spena ◽  
Nadia Di Paola ◽  
Aidan O’Driscoll
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Value Chain ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Future Generations ◽  
Innovation Strategy ◽  
Environmental Innovation ◽  
Data Set

An effective climate change action involves the critical role that companies must play in assuring the long-term human and social well-being of future generations. In our study, we offer a more holistic, inclusive, both–and approach to the challenge of environmental innovation (EI) that uses a novel methodology to identify relevant configurations for firms engaging in a superior EI strategy. A conceptual framework is proposed that identifies six sets of driving characteristics of EI and two sets of beneficial outcomes, all inherently tensional. Our analysis utilizes a complementary rather than an oppositional point of view. A data set of 65 companies in the ICT value chain is analyzed via fuzzy-set comparative analysis (fsQCA) and a post-QCA procedure. The results reveal that achieving a superior EI strategy is possible in several scenarios. Specifically, after close examination, two main configuration groups emerge, referred to as technological environmental innovators and organizational environmental innovators.

EXPRESS: How Does Bonus Payment Affect the Demand for Auto Loans and Their Delinquency?

2021 ◽  
pp. 002224372110092
Author(s):  
Zhenling Jiang ◽  
Dennis J. Zhang ◽  
Tat Chan
Keyword(s):  
Consumer Products ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Financial Decisions ◽  
Consumer Panel ◽  
Loan Demand ◽  
Bonus Payments ◽  
Base Salary ◽  
Long Term Impact ◽  
Shed Light

This paper studies how receiving a bonus changes the consumers’ demand for auto loans and the risk of future delinquency. Unlike traditional consumer products, auto loans have a long-term impact on consumers’ financial state because of the monthly payment obligation. Using a large consumer panel data set of credit and employment information, the authors find that receiving a bonus increases auto loan demand by 21 percent. These loans, however, are associated with higher risk, as the delinquency rate increases by 18.5 −31.4 percent depending on different measures. In contrast, an increase in consumers’ base salary will increase the demand for auto loans but not the delinquency. By comparing consumers with bonuses with those without bonuses, the authors find that bonus payments lead to both demand expansion and demand shifting on auto loans. The empirical findings help shed light on how consumers make financial decisions and have important implications for financial institutions on when demand for auto loans and the associated risk arise.

scholarly journals Localization of Scattering Objects Using Neural Networks

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 11
Author(s):  
Domonkos Haffner ◽  
Ferenc Izsák
Keyword(s):  
Neural Networks ◽  
Plane Waves ◽  
Measurement Data ◽  
Scattered Wave ◽  
Training Data ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Main Compound ◽  
Incident Plane ◽  
The Neural Networks ◽  
Simulation Package

The localization of multiple scattering objects is performed while using scattered waves. An up-to-date approach: neural networks are used to estimate the corresponding locations. In the scattering phenomenon under investigation, we assume known incident plane waves, fully reflecting balls with known diameters and measurement data of the scattered wave on one fixed segment. The training data are constructed while using the simulation package μ-diff in Matlab. The structure of the neural networks, which are widely used for similar purposes, is further developed. A complex locally connected layer is the main compound of the proposed setup. With this and an appropriate preprocessing of the training data set, the number of parameters can be kept at a relatively low level. As a result, using a relatively large training data set, the unknown locations of the objects can be estimated effectively.

scholarly journals Principals between exploitation and exploration: Results of a nationwide study on ambidexterity of school leaders

2020 ◽  
pp. 174114322094570
Author(s):  
Marcus Pietsch ◽  
Pierre Tulowitzki ◽  
Colin Cramer
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Environments ◽  
Management Research ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
Leadership And Management ◽  
Nationwide Study ◽  
Efficiency Control ◽  
Exploitation And Exploration ◽  
Discontinuous Innovation

Both organizational and management research suggest that schools and their leaders need to be ambidextrous to secure prosperity and long-term survival in dynamic environments characterized by competition and innovation. In this context, ambidexterity refers to the ability to simultaneously pursue exploitation and exploration and thus to deliver efficiency, control and incremental improvements while embracing flexibility, autonomy and discontinuous innovation. Using a unique, randomized and representative data set of N = 405 principals, we present findings on principals’ exploitation and exploration. The results indicate: (a) that principals engage far more often in exploitative than in explorative activities; (b) that exploitative activities in schools are executed at the expense of explorative activities; and (c) that explorative and ambidextrous activities of principals are positively associated with the (perceived) competition between schools. The study brings a novel perspective to educational research and demonstrates that applying the concept of ambidexterity has the potential to further our understanding of effective educational leadership and management.

scholarly journals Statistically rigorous calculations do not support common input and long-term synchronization of motor-unit firings

2014 ◽  
Vol 112 (11) ◽  
pp. 2729-2744 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlo J. De Luca ◽  
Joshua C. Kline
Keyword(s):  
Motor Unit ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Vastus Lateralis ◽  
Common Input ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Score Method ◽  
Surface Electromyographic Signal ◽  
Measure Synchronization

Over the past four decades, various methods have been implemented to measure synchronization of motor-unit firings. In this work, we provide evidence that prior reports of the existence of universal common inputs to all motoneurons and the presence of long-term synchronization are misleading, because they did not use sufficiently rigorous statistical tests to detect synchronization. We developed a statistically based method (SigMax) for computing synchronization and tested it with data from 17,736 motor-unit pairs containing 1,035,225 firing instances from the first dorsal interosseous and vastus lateralis muscles—a data set one order of magnitude greater than that reported in previous studies. Only firing data, obtained from surface electromyographic signal decomposition with >95% accuracy, were used in the study. The data were not subjectively selected in any manner. Because of the size of our data set and the statistical rigor inherent to SigMax, we have confidence that the synchronization values that we calculated provide an improved estimate of physiologically driven synchronization. Compared with three other commonly used techniques, ours revealed three types of discrepancies that result from failing to use sufficient statistical tests necessary to detect synchronization. 1) On average, the z-score method falsely detected synchronization at 16 separate latencies in each motor-unit pair. 2) The cumulative sum method missed one out of every four synchronization identifications found by SigMax. 3) The common input assumption method identified synchronization from 100% of motor-unit pairs studied. SigMax revealed that only 50% of motor-unit pairs actually manifested synchronization.

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