Atrial fibrillation driver identification through regional mutual information networks: a modeling perspective

Purpose Effective identification of electrical drivers within remodeled tissue is a key for improving ablation treatment for atrial fibrillation. We have developed a mutual information, graph-based approach to identify and propose fault tolerance metric of local efficiency as a distinguishing feature of rotational activation and remodeled atrial tissue. Methods Voltage data were extracted from atrial tissue simulations (2D Karma, 3D physiological, and the Multiscale Cardiac Simulation Framework (MSCSF)) using multi-spline open and parallel regional mapping catheter geometries. Graphs were generated based on varied mutual information thresholds between electrode pairs and the local efficiency for each graph was calculated. Results High-resolution mapping catheter geometries can distinguish between rotational and irregular activation patterns using the derivative of local efficiency as a function of increasing mutual information threshold. The derivative is decreased for rotational activation patterns comparing to irregular activations in both a simplified 2D model (0.0017 ± 1 × 10−4 vs. 0.0032 ± 1 × 10−4, p < 0.01) and a more realistic 3D model (0.00092 ± 5 × 10−5 vs. 0.0014 ± 4 × 10−5, p < 0.01). Average local efficiency derivative can also distinguish between degrees of remodeling. Simulations using the MSCSF model, with 10 vs. 90% remodeling, display distinct derivatives in the grid design parallel spline catheter configuration (0.0015 ± 5 × 10−5 vs. 0.0019 ± 6 × 10−5, p < 0.01) and the flower shaped open spline configuration (0.0011 ± 5 × 10−5 vs. 0.0016 ± 4 × 10−5, p < 0.01). Conclusion A decreased derivative of local efficiency characterizes rotational activation and varies with atrial remodeling. This suggests a distinct communication pattern in cardiac rotational activation detectable via high-resolution regional mapping and could enable identification of electrical drivers for targeted ablation.

Identification of Mean Years of Schooling as a Control for RPJMD: A Spatial Autocorrelation Approach

This article will identify the mean years of schooling in East Java as a control for achieving RPJMD. Inequality in the development of education leads to inequalities between the regions of East Java. This is due to the different regional characteristics, it is, therefore, necessary to respond to it by carrying out a regional mapping based on the education indicators listed in the RPJMD of each region using a statistical analysis approach, namely spatial autocorrelation. The variable that becomes the indicator in this study is the Mean Years of Schooling (MYS), the unit of observation being the regencies/cities of East Java. The results of the research that has been conducted can be concluded that the mean years of schooling for the population of East Java Province is seven years where urban areas have a better average length of schooling than in districts, and there are only nine areas in East Java that have MYS exceeding the RPJMD target. In the Global Moran's I test, there is a positive autocorrelation or cluster pattern that exhibits similar characteristics in adjacent locations, and the results of the local Morans’ show that there are nine regions that have spatial relationships with their most significant areas relatives based on the MYS indicator. These areas are Bondowoso Regency, Bangkalan Regency, Pamekasan Regency, Gresik Regency, Jember Regency, Probolinggo Regency, Sampang Regency, Sidoarjo Regency and Surabaya City

Pemetaan GIS Terhadap Usaha Kecil Menengah Di Kisaran Timur Berbasis Web

The types of small and medium business sectors that are spread in the Kota Kisaran Timur District vary widely, including fashion, handicrafts, furniture, cafes, restaurants. One of the obstacles that are often faced by SMEs is the limited promotional media and the absence of mapping the location of these SMEs. The Department of Cooperatives and Trade of Asahan Regency has provided information on SMEs but it is still static in archive form and has not been computerized. The community, business actors, and parties who need information about these SMEs must visit the Cooperatives and Trade Office of Asahan Regency directly, which takes a long time and is less effective. The geographic information system used is web-based and uses the Google Maps API for mapping locations by determining coordinates. The use of WebGIS can make it easier for people to find information and the location of SMEs that are displayed in the form of regional mapping accurately and quickly. In addition, it also makes it easier for the Asahan Regency Cooperative and Trade Office to view information on the spread and growth of SMEs. Keywords: Mapping; WebGIS; Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs); Eastern Kisaran Abstrak: Jenis sektor usaha kecil menengah yang tersebar di Kecamatan Kota Kisaran Timur sangat bervariasi meliputi usaha fashion, kerajinan tangan, furniture, cafe, restoran, Salah satu kendala yang sering dihadapi oleh UKM yaitu media promosi yang terbatas dan belum adanya pemetaan lokasi UKM tersebut. Dinas Koperasi dan Perdagangan Kabupaten Asahan telah menyediakan informasi mengenai UKM tetapi masih bersifat statis dalam bentuk arsip dan belum terkomputerisasi. Masyarakat, pelaku usaha, dan pihak-pihak yang membutuhkan informasi mengenai UKM tersebut harus mengunjungi Dinas Koperasi dan Perdagangan Kabupaten Asahan secara langsung, dimana hal tersebut membutuhkan waktu yang lama dan kurang efektif. Sistem informasi geografis yang digunakan berbasis web dan menggunakan Google Maps API untuk pemetaan lokasi dengan menentukan titik koordinat. Pemanfaatan WebGIS dapat mempermudah masyarakat dalam mencari informasi dan lokasi UKM yang ditampilkan dalam bentuk pemetaan wilayah secara tepat dan cepat. Selain itu juga mempermudah Dinas Koperasi dan Perdagangan Kabupaten Asahan dalam melihat informasi penyebaran dan pertumbuhan UKM. Kata Kunci: Pemetaan; WebGIS; Usaha Kecil Menengah (UKM); Kecamatan Kota; Kisaran Timur.

Comparison of geographic workflow preferences with real-time dynamic regional mapping data during catheter ablation

Funding Acknowledgements Type of funding sources: None. Introduction The clinical benefit of multielectrode high-density (HD) mapping during catheter ablation has been an area of active research. One advantage of HD mapping is improved sensitivity which can lead to better visualization and substrate delineation during the procedure. In addition to the advantages offered by the multielectrode grid mapping catheter (HD Grid), a novel software enable the display of beat-to-beat, dynamic regional mapping data from the current location of HD Grid in real-time (LiveView). The optimal settings and workflows to incorporate the dynamic data into routine ablation procedures have not been explored. Purpose To examine the common settings and workflow patterns among operators from different geographies when using dynamic mapping. Methods Observational procedural data including procedure time, total RF time, workflow preference, and fluoroscopy time, were prospectively collected from operators across Europe, the U.S., and Asia Pacific countries from May to September 2020. Cases from both catheter ablation of atrial and ventricular arrhythmias were included in the analysis. Results A total of 754 cases were collected (428, 133, and 193 cases from Europe, the U.S., and the Asia Pacific region, respectively). The most commonly reported indication across all three geographies was de novo paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (223/754, 30.0%). A steerable sheath was more frequently used with the mapping catheter in Europe and U.S. compared to Asia Pacific countries. Contrary to cases from the U.S. and Asia Pacific countries where the double transseptal approach was the preferred technique for left atrial procedures (78.8% and 55.3%, respectively), the single transseptal approach was more commonly observed in European cases (233/428, 54.4%). Visualization of real-time mapping data after creation of traditional full-chamber maps were commonly observed in all three geographies. Regardless of geography, the CS catheter was commonly used a reference electrode; and the most common map appearance settings for interior projection, exterior projection, and interpolation was 7, 7, and 7 respectively. Voltage cutoff of 0.1 mV, range from 0.01 to 1.5 mV, was most frequently observed for delineating scar in atrial arrhythmia cases analyzed in this dataset. Conclusions While there is a geographical difference in ablation workflow, common settings and patterns can be observed in all three regions. This data suggests that minimal workflow changes are required to incorporate the use of dynamic data into routine procedures. Adaptation of LiveView can help improve procedure efficiency and efficacy by reducing the need for full chamber maps, identifying areas that were under ablated, and confirming ablation endpoints. Further control study examining procedure efficiency and efficacy associated with dynamic mapping may be warranted.

Identifying the regional impact of deep thermogenic gas on aquifers in Alberta, Canada by comparing multilayered isoscape maps of domestic water wells and fugitive gases from energy wells

&lt;p&gt;The origin and distribution of unwanted thermogenic gas in aquifers and domestic water wells in petroliferous basins are of continuing concern. Most published studies to date consider only a few water wells with little or no information on fugitive gases from nearby energy wells. &amp;#160; We mapped &amp;#948;&lt;sup&gt;13&lt;/sup&gt;C of&amp;#160; hydrocarbons in 1,124&amp;#160; domestic water wells and fugitive gases (many thousands) from energy wells of Alberta, Canada.&amp;#160; About 90% of the water wells that exsolve hydrocarbons produce methane derived locally by microbes. The &amp;#948;13C of these biogenic methanes vary regionally and follows topography,&amp;#160; suggesting in situ generation of methane within a flowing aquifer perhaps following a Rayleigh constrained generation process. Some domestic water wells have free thermogenic butanes, propane and ethanes indicating the impact of thermogenic gas on the aquifer.&amp;#160; The &amp;#948;&lt;sup&gt;13&lt;/sup&gt;C of these thermogenic sourced gases impacting domestic water wells matches those of nearby energy wells indicating their failure as the ultimate source of thermogenic gas in domestic water wells.&amp;#160; The impacted water wells are geographically grouped. Our regional mapping of hydrocarbon gases in domestic water wells has identified specific, kilometre scale regions needing detailed hydrogeological and geochemical investigation.&lt;/p&gt;