Polyunsaturated fatty acids in neutral lipids and phospholipids of some freshwater insects

1996 ◽  
Vol 114 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Ghioni ◽  
J.G. Bell ◽  
J.R. Sargent
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Neutral Lipids ◽  
Freshwater Insects

scholarly journals Fatty Acids Profiles of Stipe and Blade from the Norwegian Brown Macroalga Laminaria hyperborea, Using Off-Line SPE and GC-MS

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lena Oksdøl Foseid ◽  
Hanne Devle ◽  
Yngve Stenstrøm ◽  
Carl Fredrik Naess-Andresen ◽  
Dag Ekeberg
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Neutral Lipids ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Lipid Fraction ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Laminaria Hyperborea ◽  
Alpha Linolenic Acid ◽  
Lipid Fractions

A thorough analysis and comparison of the fatty acid profiles of stipe and blade from Laminaria hyperborea, a kelp species found in the northern Atlantic, is presented. Lipids were extracted and fractionated into neutral lipids, free fatty acids and polar lipids, then derivatized to fatty acid methyl esters prior to GC-MS analysis. A total of 42 fatty acids were identified and quantified, including the n-3 fatty acids α-linolenic acid, stearidonic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid. An n-6/n-3 ratio of 0.8:1 was found in blade and 3.5:1 in stipe, respectively. The ratios vary between the lipid fractions within stipe and blade, with the lowest ratio in the polar lipid fraction of blade. The fatty acid amounts are higher in blade than in stipe, and the highest amounts of n-3 fatty acids are found within the neutral lipid fractions. The amounts of polyunsaturated fatty acids are 3.4 times higher in blade than stipe. This study highlights the compositional differences between the lipid fractions of stipe and blade from L. hyperborea. The amount of polyunsaturated fatty acids, compared to saturated- and monounsaturated fatty acids, as well as the n-6/n-3-ratio, is known to influence human health. In the pharmaceutical, food, and feed industries this can be of importance for production and sale of different health products. Additionally, lipids are today among the unused by products of alginate production, exploiting this material for commercial interest should give both economical and environmental benefits.

scholarly journals Identification of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Synthesis Pathways in the Toxic Dinophyte Alexandrium minutum Using 13C-Labelling

Biomolecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1428
Author(s):  
Marine Remize ◽  
Frédéric Planchon ◽  
Ai Ning Loh ◽  
Fabienne Le Grand ◽  
Christophe Lambert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Polyketide Synthase ◽  
Neutral Lipids ◽  
Acid Synthesis ◽  
Exponential Growth Phase ◽  
Lag Phase ◽  
Alexandrium Minutum ◽  
The One

The synthetic pathways responsible for the production of the polyunsaturated fatty acids 22:6n-3 and 20:5n-3 were studied in the Dinophyte Alexandrium minutum. The purpose of this work was to follow the progressive incorporation of an isotopic label (13CO2) into 11 fatty acids to better understand the fatty acid synthesis pathways in A. minutum. The Dinophyte growth was monitored for 54 h using high-frequency sampling. A. minutum presented a growth in two phases. A lag phase was observed during the first 30 h of development and had been associated with the probable temporary encystment of Dinophyte cells. An exponential growth phase was then observed after t30. A. minutum rapidly incorporated 13C into 22:6n-3, which ended up being the most 13C-enriched polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) in this experiment, with a higher 13C atomic enrichment than 18:4n-3, 18:5n-3, 20:5n-3, and 22:5n-3. Overall, the 13C atomic enrichment (AE) was inversely proportional to number of carbons in n-3 PUFA. C18 PUFAs, 18:4n-3, and 18:5n-3, were indeed among the least 13C-enriched FAs during this experiment. They were assumed to be produced by the n-3 PUFA pathway. However, they could not be further elongated or desaturated to produce n-3 C20-C22 PUFA, because the AEs of the n-3 C18 PUFAs were lower than those of the n-3 C20-C22 PUFAs. Thus, the especially high atomic enrichment of 22:6n-3 (55.8% and 54.9% in neutral lipids (NLs) and polar lipids (PLs), respectively) led us to hypothesize that this major PUFA was synthesized by an O2-independent Polyketide Synthase (PKS) pathway. Another parallel PKS, independent of the one leading to 22:6n-3, was also supposed to produce 20:5n-3. The inverse order of the 13C atomic enrichment for n-3 PUFAs was also suspected to be related to the possible β-oxidation of long-chain n-3 PUFAs occurring during A. minutum encystment.

scholarly journals Phytophthora infestans Cholinephosphotransferase with Substrate Specificity for Very-Long-Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids

2012 ◽  
Vol 79 (5) ◽  
pp. 1573-1579 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Chen ◽  
Hsiang-yun Chi ◽  
Dauenpen Meesapyodsuk ◽  
Xiao Qiu
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Substrate Specificity ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Phytophthora Infestans ◽  
Neutral Lipids ◽  
Amino Acid Identity ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Long Chain

ABSTRACTThe effective flux between phospholipids and neutral lipids is critical for a high level of biosynthesis and accumulation of very-long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (VLCPUFAs), such as arachidonic acid (ARA; 20:4n-6), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA; 20:5n-3), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; 22:6n-3). Here we describe a cDNA (PiCPT1) fromPhytophthora infestans, a VLCPUFA-producing oomycete, that may have a role in acyl trafficking between diacylglycerol (DAG) and phosphatidylcholine (PC) during the biosynthesis of VLCPUFAs. The cDNA encodes a polypeptide of 393 amino acids with a conserved CDP-alcohol phosphotransferase motif and approximately 27% amino acid identity to theSaccharomyces cerevisiaecholinephosphotransferase (ScCPT1).In vitroassays indicate that PiCPT1 has high cholinephosphotransferase (CPT) activity but no ethanolaminephosphotransferase (EPT) activity. Substrate specificity assays show that it prefers VLCPUFA-containing DAGs, such as ARA DAG and DHA DAG, as substrates. Real-time PCR analysis reveals that expression ofPiCPT1was upregulated inP. infestansorganisms fed with exogenous VLCPUFAs. These results lead us to conclude that PiCPT1 is a VLCPUFA-specific CPT which may play an important role in shuffling VLCPUFAs from DAG to PC in the biosynthesis of VLCPUFAs inP. infestans.

Fatty Acid Composition of Early Non-Feeding Larvae of the European Flat Oyster, Ostrea Edulis

1991 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 691-705 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. M. Helm ◽  
D. L. Holland ◽  
S. D. Utting ◽  
J. East
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Wild Population ◽  
Neutral Lipids ◽  
Ostrea Edulis ◽  
Pufa Content ◽  
Flat Oyster

A total of 113 broods of Ostrea edulis L. larvae from a closely-controlled hatchery conditioning regime, from specific broodstock treatments, and from brooding oysters taken from a wild population in Poole Harbour, was analysed for fatty acid composition. Major differences in polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) were detected as the year proceeded, with increased levels of 20:5 (n-3) and 22:6 (n-3) from late June. Significant decreases in the PUFA content of both phospholipids and neutral lipids accompanied development from fertilized eggs to immediately pre-liberation larvae, but there was some evidence that the 20:4 (n-6) and 22:6 (n-3) content of phospholipids was protected. Fatty acid composition and content of newly liberated larvae were influenced by conditions during broodstock fattening and early gametogenesis (phospholipids) and by conditions during the later stages of oocyte development (neutral lipids).

The Distribution of Neutral Lipids in Shark Tissues

1973 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 649-656 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. Sargent ◽  
R. R. Gatten ◽  
R. McIntosh
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Neutral Lipid ◽  
Lipid Class ◽  
Deep Sea ◽  
Neutral Lipids ◽  
Wax Esters ◽  
Cholesteryl Esters ◽  
A Minor

Neutral lipid classes were analysed in the livers, muscles and sera of Deania, Centroscymnus, Squalus and Prionace. All three squaloid sharks contained triglycerides and alkyldiacylglycerols and the two deep sea squaloids contained additionally hydrocarbons. Prionace contained triglycerides and hydrocarbons but no alkyldiacylglycerols. For a given species the class compositions of the lipids were similar in liver, muscle and serum, except that serum contained additionally cholesteryl esters and wax esters. Cholesteryl esters in Squalus serum were rich in oleic acid whereas wax esters were very rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids. Squalus serum contained a major and a minor lipoprotein species both of which transport all four neutral lipids in serum. It is concluded that, with the exception of cholesteryl and wax esters in serum, neutral lipids are distributed between shark tissues by a mechanism that is relatively non-specific with respect to lipid class.

scholarly journals Metabolism of phospholipids and the characterization of fatty acids in bovine corpus luteum

1968 ◽  
Vol 108 (2) ◽  
pp. 317-323 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. W. Scott ◽  
W. Hansel ◽  
L. E. Donaldson
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Neutral Lipids ◽  
Total Phospholipid ◽  
Lipid Fraction ◽  
Specific Radioactivity ◽  
Lactate Production ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Luteal Tissue

1. Phosphatidylcholine was the predominant phospholipid in bovine corpora lutea; it accounted for about 50% of the total phospholipid phosphorus. Phosphatidylethanolamine (13%) and ethanolamine plasmalogen (8–9%) were the next two major components. 2. After incubation of the tissue with [32P]orthophosphate the total radioactivity and specific radioactivity of phosphatidylinositol were higher than those of any other lipid. 3. Luteinizing hormone failed to increase significantly the incorporation of [32P]orthophosphate into total phospholipids from luteal tissue slices, but did stimulate progesterone synthesis and lactate production. 4. The proportion of oleate (18:1) in the neutral lipids and phospholipids was higher than that of any other fatty acid. 5. The proportion of unsaturated fatty acid in the tissue lipids exceeded 60%, and almost half of this was polyunsaturated. Arachidonate (20:4), docosatetraenoate (22:4) and docosapentaenoate (22:5) were the principal polyunsaturated fatty acids. 6. After incubation of luteal tissue with [1−14C]acetate, the greatest proportion of radioactivity in the fatty acids isolated from the total lipid fraction was in palmitate (16:0) and docosatetraenoate (22:4). Polyunsaturated fatty acids accounted for almost 50% of the 14C radioactivity incorporated and this pattern was observed in phospholipids, triglycerides and free fatty acids.

scholarly journals Fatty Acid Profiles of Stipe and Blade from the Norwegian Brown Macroalgae Laminaria hyperborea with Special Reference to Acyl Glycerides, Polar Lipids, and Free Fatty Acids

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lena Foseid ◽  
Hanne Devle ◽  
Yngve Stenstrøm ◽  
Carl Fredrik Naess-Andresen ◽  
Dag Ekeberg
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Free Fatty Acids ◽  
Neutral Lipids ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Polar Lipids ◽  
Fatty Acid Profiles ◽  
Laminaria Hyperborea ◽  
Lipid Fractions

A thorough analysis of the fatty acid profiles of stipe and blade from the kelp species Laminaria hyperborea is presented. Lipid extracts were fractionated into neutral lipids, free fatty acids, and polar lipids, prior to derivatization and GC-MS analysis. A total of 42 fatty acids were identified and quantified, including the n-3 fatty acids α-linolenic acid, stearidonic acid, and eicosapentaenoic acid. The fatty acid amounts are higher in blade than in stipe (7.42 mg/g dry weight and 2.57 mg/g dry weight, resp.). The highest amounts of n-3 fatty acids are found within the neutral lipid fractions with 590.6 ug/g dry weight and 100.9 ug/g dry weight for blade and stipe, respectively. The amounts of polyunsaturated fatty acids are 3.4 times higher in blade than stipe. The blade had the highest PUFA/SFA ratio compared to stipe (1.02 versus 0.76) and the lowest n-6/n-3 ratio (0.8 versus 3.5). This study highlights the compositional differences between the lipid fractions of stipe and blade from L. hyperborea. The amount of polyunsaturated fatty acids compared to saturated- and monounsaturated fatty acids is known to influence human health. In the pharmaceutical, food, and feed industries, this can be of importance for production of different health products.

Arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus) and Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) Differ in Their Growth and Lipid Metabolism in Response to Dietary Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids

1994 ◽  
Vol 51 (6) ◽  
pp. 1391-1400 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiuwei Yang ◽  
Terry A. Dick
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Neutral Lipids ◽  
Salvelinus Alpinus ◽  
Arctic Char ◽  
Polar Lipids ◽  
Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Dietary Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids

Juvenile Arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus) and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) were fed one commercial and three casein-based diets varying in amounts of 18:2n-6 and 18:3n-3, two polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), for 12 wk at 10 °C. Both species on the diet without PUFA had lower specific growth rate (SGR) but higher percentages of liver neutral lipids and 20:3n-9 in liver polar lipids than those fed high PUFA content or commercial diets. Regardless of the amount of 18:3n-3 in the diets, the percentages of 20:3n-9 and 20:3n-9/22:6n-3 in liver or muscle polar lipids were significantly lower in char than in trout; values in trout were lower than reported in other studies. These findings question the use of 20:3n-9/22:6n-3 as an indicator of essential fatty acid status for both species. Different levels of 20:3n-9, 22:6n-3, and other PUFAs in tissue polar lipids of the two species suggest that Δ6 and/or Δ5 desaturases are less efficient in char. While trout fed test diets had slightly less 20:4n-6 than wild trout, char had 1/10 less 20:4n-6 in muscle polar and total lipids than wild char, suggesting that char may require n-6 and n-3 PUFA in their diet for optimal performance.

Fatty acid characteristics in two symbiont-bearing mussels from deep-sea hydrothermal vents of the south-western Pacific

1997 ◽  
Vol 77 (2) ◽  
pp. 473-492 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincent Pranal ◽  
Aline Fiala-Medioni ◽  
Jean Guezennec
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Deep Sea ◽  
Hydrothermal Vents ◽  
Neutral Lipids ◽  
Physiological State ◽  
Phospholipid Fatty Acids ◽  
Gas Liquid Chromatography ◽  
High Level

Two bacteria-bearing mussels,Bathymodiolus breviorandB. elongatus, collected at five deep-sea hydrothermal sites from Lau and Fiji back arc basins (south-west Pacific), were analysed for polar and neutral lipids using gas-liquid chromatography mass spectroscopy (GLC-MS). The respective fatty acid distributions found in gills and mantles were compared to data from a Mediterranean littoral filter-feeding mussel,Mytilus galloprovincialis. The main characteristic common to the gills of the two vent mussels was the high level of (n-7) monounsaturated phospholipid fatty acids, which are supposed to originate from sulphur-oxidizing symbionts. Using palmitoleic, 16:1 (n-7), and vaccenic, 18:1 (n-7), phospholipid fatty acids as bacterial markers, endobacterial biomass was estimated to account for 2–10% of the vent mussel gill volume. Vent mussel tissues were poor in plant-derived polyunsaturated fatty acids, indicating the limited importance of the photosynthesis based material in the metabolism of these hydrothermal vent bivalves. It is suggested that some compounds, such as nonmethylene-interrupted dienoic fatty acids and specific trienoic fatty acids originating from elongation and desaturation of oleic and palmitoleic acids, respectively, were synthesized in order to substitute exogenous plant-derived polyunsaturated fatty acids considered as essential in marine invertebrates. The high level of neutral lipids in vent mussel gills suggests that these compounds are used as a major energy storage material. The neutral lipid/phospholipid ratio in gills emphasized the preponderance of the endosymbionts in vent mussel nutrition. Using this ratio as an index of the physiological state, the symbiosis patterns in different hydrothermal fields were compared.

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