Identifying past agricultural activity through soil phytolith analysis: a case study from the Hawaiian islands

1984 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deborah M. Pearsall ◽  
Michael K. Trimble
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (13) ◽  
pp. 5467 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joaquin Romano ◽  
Byron V. Coral

Agricultural policies show an orientation in the management of natural resources, such as water, towards specialized production for world markets. This is promoting models of private use against those of common use. The objective of this research is to evaluate the transformations in the institutional framework associated with the change of vision of water and the pressures created on peasant communities that culturally maintain socio-ecological systems. Based on Ostrom’s methodological proposals for the governance of common goods, a case study of the Rio Portoviejo Basin (Ecuador) was carried out. The three developed management models are analyzed: public, private and community. Evidence is provided that the community model is more equitable, efficient and sustainable. The way in which the extension of the market model, which conditions agricultural activity to profitability, is weakening the networks of peasant communities is also studied. In this context, the correlation between the loss of the traditional agrarian culture and the environmental degradation of the area is observed.


2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-109
Author(s):  
Marian Howe ◽  
Marc O. Lammars ◽  
Robin W. Bair

Given the difficulties and costs often associated with surveying cetaceans, enlisting members of the public to collect data offers a promisingalternative approach. Comparison of cetacean ‘participatory science’ (also known as ‘citizen science’) data with data collected during traditionalscientific studies helps reveal the strengths and weaknesses of a participatory science approach. With a large number of vessel operators on thewater throughout the year, including dolphin-oriented tour boats, the Hawaiian Islands offer an ideal study site to employ such a dual-methodcomparison. The study aimed to enhance understanding of nearshore dolphin distributions relative to bathymetry. Operators of tour and fishingvessels within the shallow Maui Nui basin of the Hawaiian Islands were recruited to report delphinid sightings. Researchers conducted standarddolphin surveys within the same region. The participatory science approach was successful in generating a large sample size of sightings from fivedifferent species. Findings here demonstrate the potential value of participatory science and of using a multimethod approach to infer odontocetedistribution trends relative to bathymetry in areas where both methods are feasible. Important refinements for future projects are highlighted.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hsi-Kai Chou ◽  
Ana Maria Heuminski de Avila ◽  
Michaela Bray

Abstract. Land surface models such as the Joint UK Land Environment Simulator (JULES) are increasingly used for hydrological assessments because of their state-of-the-art representation of physical processes and versatility. Unlike statistical models and AI models, the JULES model simulates the physical water flux under given meteorological conditions, allowing us to understand and investigate the cause and effect of environmental processes changes. Here we explore the possibility of this approach using a case study in the Atibaia river basin, which serves as a major water supply for metropolitan regions of Campinas and São Paulo, Brazil. The watershed is suffering increasing hydrological risks, which could be attributed to environmental changes, such as urbanization and agricultural activity. The increasing risks highlight the importance to evaluate the land surface processes of the watershed systematically. We explore the use of local precipitation collection complement with multiple sources of global reanalysis data to simulate the basin hydrology. Our results show that the coarse resolution of rainfall data is the main reason to reduce model performance. Despite this shortcoming, key hydrological fluxes in the basin can be represented by the JULES model simulations.


2009 ◽  
Vol 37 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 255-273 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian N. Tissot ◽  
William J. Walsh ◽  
Mark A. Hixon

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 314-350
Author(s):  
Kleber Abreu Sousa ◽  
Maria Raquel Lucas ◽  
Débora Oliveira de Souza Souza ◽  
Beatriz Batista Costa

O estudo teve como objetivo investigar a produção da banana, destacando suas transformações e seus impactos socioeconômicos no desenvolvimento da microrregião de Araguaína-TO. O trabalho se classifica como estudo de caso, baseado em revisão bibliográfica, com abordagem qualitativa de natureza exploratória e descritiva, buscando a compreensão e a descrição dos elos da cadeia produtiva. Quanto aos resultados, pode-se perceber o melhoramento da produção a partir das técnicas de manejo utilizadas nas etapas do processo de produção da bananicultura, bem como os benefícios adquiridos na região por meio da atividade agrícola e contribuindo assim o desenvolvimento econômico e social da região.   PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Bananicultura; Cadeia Produtiva; Desenvolvimento Socioeconômico.     ABSTRACT The study aimed to investigate the production chain of banana, highlighting its transformation and its socio-economic impacts in the development of microregion of Araguaína-TO. The study is classified as a case study, based on literature review, with qualitative approach and exploratory and descriptive research, looking for understanding and description of the production chain. The results can be perceived the improvement in the chain from the handling techniques used in the stages of the production process of the banana cultivation, as well as the benefits acquired in the region through agricultural activity and making contributing economic and social development of the region.   KEYWORDS: Banana crop; Productive chain; Socioeconomic development.     RESUMEN El estudio tuvo como objetivo investigar la producción del plátano, destacando sus transformaciones y sus impactos socioeconómicos en el desarrollo de la microrregión de Araguaína-TO. El trabajo se clasifica como estudio de caso, basado en revisión bibliográfica, con abordaje cualitativo de naturaleza exploratoria y descriptiva, buscando la comprensión y la descripción de los eslabones de la cadena productiva. En cuanto a los resultados, se puede percibir el mejoramiento de la producción a partir de las técnicas de manejo utilizadas en las etapas del proceso de producción de la bananicultura, así como los beneficios adquiridos en la región por medio de la actividad agrícola y contribuyendo así al desarrollo económico y social de la región .   PALABRAS CLAVE: cultivos de plátano; Cadena productiva; Desarrollo Socioeconómico.  


2017 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 241-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jarosław Janus ◽  
Magdalena Łopacka ◽  
Ewa John

AbstractLand consolidation procedures are an attempt to comprehensively change the existing spatial structure of land in rural areas. This treatment also brings many other social and economic benefi ts, contributing to the development of consolidated areas. Land consolidation in mountain areas differs in many respects from those implemented in areas with more favorable conditions for the functioning of agriculture. The unfavorable values of land fragmentation indices, terrain conditions and lower than the average soil quality affect both the dominant forms of agricultural activity and the limited opportunities to improve the distribution of plots in space, parameters of shape, and the area as a result of land consolidation. For this reason, the effectiveness of land consolidation in mountain areas can be achieved by improving the quality of transportation network and the accessibility of the plots, arranging ownership issues and improving the quality of cadastral documentation. This article presents the evaluation of the measures of effectiveness of land consolidation realized in mountain areas on the example of Łetownia Village in the Małopolska Province, located in the southern part of Poland. Selected village is an area with unfavorable conditions for the functioning of agriculture and high values of land fragmentation indices.


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