Real or illusory growth in an oil-based economy: Government expenditures and private sector investment in Saudi Arabia

1992 ◽  
Vol 20 (9) ◽  
pp. 1367-1375 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert E. Looney
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Private Sector ◽  
Government Expenditures ◽  
Private Sector Investment

Public Sector Transformation

2012 ◽  
pp. 17-31
Author(s):  
Fareed Alyagout ◽  
A. K. Siti-Nabiha
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Private Sector ◽  
Capital Investment ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Implementation Process ◽  
Public Enterprises ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Government Services ◽  
Private Sector Investment ◽  
Productive Assets

The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia has embarked on the privatization of its public enterprises with the main objectives of improving the efficiency of the national economy, enlarging Saudi citizens’ ownership of productive assets, and encouraging local and foreign capital investment in the Kingdom. Subsequently, in 2003, the Saudi Council of Ministries approved a list of twenty-two targeted economic activities and government services to be privatized and the private sector is being invited to participate in many economic activities and services. As such, the aim of this chapter is to present the historical context and rationale for privatization in Saudi Arabia. The objectives and implementation process taken by the Saudi government to create a suitable environment for private sector investment and the issues and problems associated with privatization initiatives are also discussed in this chapter.

scholarly journals Policy Discourse: Shifting the burden of healthcare from state to market in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Redwanur Rahman ◽  
Mohammed Asif Salam
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Private Sector ◽  
Management Practice ◽  
Health Sector ◽  
Lifestyle Changes ◽  
Private Sector Investment ◽  
Future Challenges ◽  
Disease Pattern ◽  
The Government ◽  
Political Economic

Abstract Saudi Arabia has modified from a predominantly free, public and comprehensive system under a welfare model to more of a mixed-economy model of healthcare. The welfare state slowly moved to a liberal model, emphasising market forces to dominate, and the private sector was trusted to provide better provision of healthcare. The country has confronting enormous problems in the health sector due to population growth, lifestyle changes, shift of disease pattern, elevated expectations, escalated healthcare costs, limited infrastructure and resources, and poor management practice in the provision of healthcare. Moreover, the government has been emphasizing on the need to bring in private sector investment to improve quality and efficiency, development of manpower, and standardization of services. As the current pattern of healthcare is unsustainable, the country is planning to restructure the present healthcare system towards institutionalizing it to meet the future challenges. The governments must make an appropriate amount of effort to build its healthcare systems by transforming and modifying the challenges faced by the society and its political-economic systems. The government should encourage equity, and fairness in the provision of healthcare.

Islamic banking and real performances in a dual banking system

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 426-447
Author(s):  
Mohamed Ben Mimoun
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Private Sector ◽  
Banking System ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Islamic Banking ◽  
Dynamic Interactions ◽  
Causality Test ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Private Sector Investment ◽  
Long Run

Purpose There is a rich debate on the nature of Islamic banking (IB)–growth nexus and the direction of causality governing this nexus. This study aims to focus on this issue in the case of Saudi Arabia, the largest country-holder of Islamic Banks (IBs)’ assets worldwide. It assesses empirically the nature of dynamic interactions between IBs’ financing and the real performances in the non-oil private sector (investment and GDP) in the context of a dual banking system where IBs operate alongside their conventional counterparts. Design/methodology/approach This study employs the Bounds test in the context of reparametrized autoregression distribution lags (ARDL) models to analyse both long-run and short-run dynamics governing Islamic and conventional banks’ (CBs) financings on one hand and real investment and GDP in the private sector on the other hand over the 2007q1-2016q4 period. It also uses the Toda and Yamamoto (1995) augmented Granger-causality test to assess the direction of causality governing these dynamics. Findings The more important results are: there is a stable and significant long-run relationship between IBs’ financing and real performances in the private sector. This nexus is governed by the “feed-back hypothesis”, implying the validity of both the “supply-leading” and the “demand-following” hypotheses. In a dual banking system context, IBs exert two effects on the financing of their conventional counterparts: a negative “crowding-out” effect and a positive and “stimulating” effect which transmits through the “competition” channel. Finally, in the long-run, steady-state, real GDP is dissociated from CBs’ financing. Originality/value This paper highlights an issue that has not received the needed attention in the case of Saudi Arabia. It has also found novel results with important policy implications.

scholarly journals Zambian farm blocks: A vehicle for increased private sector investments

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 817-825
Author(s):  
Susanna L. Middelberg ◽  
Pieter van der Zwan ◽  
Cobus Oberholster
Keyword(s):  
Private Sector ◽  
Land Tenure ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Labour Productivity ◽  
Land Development ◽  
Policy Uncertainty ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Private Sector Investment

AbstractThe Zambian government has introduced the farm block development programme (FBDP) to facilitate agricultural land and rural development and encourage private sector investment. This study assessed whether the FBDP achieves these goals. Key obstacles and possible opportunities were also identified and, where appropriate, specific corrective actions were recommended. Qualitative data were collected through semi-structured interviews conducted in Lusaka with various stakeholders of the FBDP. The FBDP is designed to facilitate agricultural land development and encourage private sector investment. However, the programme falls far short in terms of implementation, amidst policy uncertainty and lack of support. This is evident by the insecurity of land tenure which negatively affects small- and medium-scale producers’ access to financing, lack of infrastructure development of these farm blocks, and constraints in the agricultural sector such as low labour productivity and poor access to service expertise. It is recommended that innovative policy interventions should be created to support agricultural development. This can be achieved by following a multistakeholder approach through involving private, public and non-profit sectors such as non-governmental organisations (NGOs) and donors.

scholarly journals Property Rights and Finance

2002 ◽  
Vol 92 (5) ◽  
pp. 1335-1356 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Johnson ◽  
John McMillan ◽  
Christopher Woodruff
Keyword(s):  
Property Rights ◽  
Private Sector ◽  
Bank Loans ◽  
New Firms ◽  
Limited Access ◽  
External Finance ◽  
Private Sector Investment ◽  
Weak Property ◽  
Communist Countries ◽  
Retained Earnings

Which is the tighter constraint on private sector investment: weak property rights or limited access to external finance? From a survey of new firms in post-communist countries, we find that weak property rights discourage firms from reinvesting their profits, even when bank loans are available. Where property rights are relatively strong, firms reinvest their profits; where they are relatively weak, entrepreneurs do not want to invest from retained earnings.

Infrastructure deficit and opportunities in Africa

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Albert Mafusire ◽  
Zuzana Brixiova ◽  
John Anyanwu ◽  
Qingwei Meng
Keyword(s):  
Private Sector ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Private Investment ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Private Sector Investment ◽  
Investment Opportunities ◽  
Financing Infrastructure

Private sector investment opportunities in Africa’s infrastructure are huge. Regulatory reforms across African countries are identified as critical to the realization of the expected investment flows in the infrastructure sector. However, planners and policy makers need to note that there are infrastructure deficiencies in all subsectors with low income countries (LICs) in Africa facing the greatest challenge. Inefficiencies in implementing infrastructure projects account for USD 17 billion annually and improving the capacity of African countries will help minimize these costs. In this regard, the donor community must play a greater role in African LICs while innovative financing mechanisms must be the focus in the relatively richer countries of the continent. Traditional sources of financing infrastructure development remain important but private investment is critical in closing the current gaps. Countries need to devise mechanisms to exploit opportunities and avoid pitfalls in investing in infrastructure.

scholarly journals THE ROLE OF THE MIDDLE EAST INVESTMEN INITIATIVE (MEII) IN DEVELOPMENT IN THE WEST BANK, PALESTINE IN THE U.S.-PALESTINE PARTNERSHIP (UPP) FRAMEWORK

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Presya Ramadhan
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Private Sector ◽  
West Bank ◽  
Public Private Partnership ◽  
The West ◽  
Private Partnership ◽  
Security Issues ◽  
Private Sector Investment ◽  
The U.S

This paper examines the role of Middle East Investment Initiative (MEII) in development in the West Bank, Palestine in the U.S.-Palestine Partnership (UPP) framework. Answering the question of how the role of the Middle East Investment Initiative (MEII) in development in Palestine in the US-Palestine Partnership (UPP) framework and how the contribution of Public-Private Partnership (PPP) to development in Palestine, the author's thesis statement is that amid diplomatic and territorial disputes, The Middle East Investment Initiative (MEII) as a public-private partnership becomes the main channel for collecting and channeling development assistance such as resources and private sector investment that can benefit the West Bank and bring prosperity to people Palestinians. While the private sector such as the Middle East Investment Initiative (MEII) cannot do much to address diplomacy or security issues, the private sector can play an equally important role through the contribution of resources and investment to conflict areas such as Palestine to help economic development In the West Bank, Palestine.

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