Use of enzymatic solubility with ficin (EC 3.4.22.3) to predict in situ feed protein degradability

The assessment of protein degradability in the rumen is a complex process. The infinite combination of interaction between the rumen microbial population and the nature of the protein fed to the animal makes the estimation of ruminal protein degradability very arduous. At present the in situ technique is the most popular means of predicting ruminal nitrogen (N) degradation. However this procedure is slow, expensive and relies on the use of numerous surgically prepared animals. A number of studies (Assoumani et al., 1992; Aufrère and Cartailler, 1988) have shown that the use of in vitro methods using proteases can predict with reasonable accuracy the extent of protein degradation. The objective of this experiment was to examine the possibility of replacing the in situ technique with an in vitro procedure based on the use of the ficin protease to predict the extent of N degradation.

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The effect of micronization of full-fat canola seed on digestion in the rumen and total tract of dairy cows

Canadian Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.4141/a96-113 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 77 (3) ◽

pp. 431-440 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

Y. Wang ◽

T. A. McAllister ◽

D. R. Zobell ◽

M. D. Pickard ◽

L. M. Rode ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Digestive Tract ◽

Gas Production ◽

Canola Seed ◽

In Vitro Gas Production ◽

Internal Structures ◽

Pass Through ◽

Ruminal Protein Degradability ◽

Protein Degradability

The effect of micronization of full-fat canola seed on dry matter disappearance (DMD) and total nitrogen disappearance (TND) in the rumen and intestine were investigated. Full-fat canola seed was left untreated (C) or micronized for 1.5 min (M), and left whole (CW, MW) or ground to pass through a 1.25-mm sieve (CG, MG). In vitro gas production from CW and MW were determined at 0, 1, 2, 3, 8, 12, 20, 24, 32, 48, 52, 68 and 72 h. For subsequent studies, CW was hand-cracked (CH) for comparison against MW. In situ DMD and TND from CH, MW, CG and MG were determined after 0, 2, 4, 8, 16, 24, 48 and 96 h of ruminal incubation. The mobile nylon bag technique was used to estimate intestinal digestion (DM and N disappearance) of samples incubated in the rumen for 16 h and in acid-pepsin for 1 h. Scanning electron microscopy revealed the pattern and extent of seed coat rupture from hand-cracking and from micronization to be similar, but micronization-mediated changes to the internal structures were evident in ground samples. Micronization increased (P < 0.05) in vitro gas production from whole canola seed (CW vs. MW), but relative to CH, DMD and TND from MW were lower (P < 0.001) in situ and in the whole digestive tract (P < 0.001). Estimated intestinal DMD and TND did not differ (P > 0.05) between CH and MW. Ruminal DMD and TND from ground seed were reduced (P < 0.05) by micronization (CG vs. MG) in the rumen, but intestinal DMD and TND were increased (P < 0.05 and P < 0.01, respectively), thus in the whole digestive tract, these values did not differ (P > 0.05) between treatments. Micronization reduced potential ruminal protein degradability (P < 0.05) and effective ruminal protein degradability (P < 0.01) of full-fat canola, and in combination with grinding, increased the proportion of protein digestion in the intestine. Key words: Micronization, full-fat canola seed, digestibility, rumen, dairy cow, in situ

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Alfalfa Maturity and Cultivar Effects on Chemical and In Situ Estimates of Protein Degradability

Crop Science ◽

10.2135/cropsci1994.0011183x003400060043x ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 34 (6) ◽

pp. 1654-1661 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

T. S. Griffin ◽

K. A. Cassida ◽

O. B. Hesterman ◽

S. R. Rust

Keyword(s):

Protein Degradability

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In situ neutral detergent insoluble nitrogen as a method for measuring forage protein degradability.

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.2527/1999.7761565x ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 77 (6) ◽

pp. 1565 ◽

Cited By ~ 46

Author(s):

R A Mass ◽

G P Lardy ◽

R J Grant ◽

T J Klopfenstein

Keyword(s):

Protein Degradability

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In situ ruminal degradability and fermentation characteristics of novel mixtures of winter cereal and Italian ryegrass plus winter cereal silages

Czech Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.17221/12/2021-cjas ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 66 (No. 8) ◽

pp. 302-314

Author(s):

Alemayehu Worku ◽

Róbert Tóthi ◽

Szilvia Orosz ◽

Hedvig Fébel ◽

László Kacsala ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dry Matter ◽

Lolium Multiflorum ◽

Control Diet ◽

Rumen Fermentation ◽

Italian Ryegrass ◽

Winter Cereal ◽

Winter Cereals ◽

Ruminal Degradability ◽

Protein Degradability

This study was conducted using three multiparous non-lactating rumen-cannulated Holstein-Friesian dairy cows, with the objective of evaluating the in situ ruminal degradability and fermentation characteristics of novel mixtures of winter cereal and Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) plus winter cereal silages (mixture A: triticale, oats, barley and wheat; mixture B: triticale, barley and wheat; mixture C: Italian ryegrass and oats; mixture D: Italian ryegrass, oats, triticale, barley and wheat). The rumen fermentation study was conducted replacing the ensiled mixtures (experimental diets) with vetch-triticale haylage in a total mixed ration (control diet). It was found that the effective protein degradability at 0.08 rumen outflow rates was 80.6% (mixture A), 66.2% (mixture B), 79.7% (mixture C) and 79.3% (mixture D). The effective neutral detergent fibre (NDF) and acid detergent fibre (ADF) effective degradability at 0.08 rumen outflow rates was 18.0% and 17.7% (mixture A), 19.7% and 20.5% (mixture B), 19.1% and 17.0% (mixture C), and 15.2% and 14.6% (mixture D), respectively. Different dietary treatments did not change (P > 0.05) the rumen fermentation characteristics as there was no difference (P > 0.05) between control and experimental diets, and the inclusion of 40–55% Italian ryegrass (mixture C and D) did not cause any difference. These results suggest that the mixture of winter cereals and Italian ryegrass plus winter cereal-based silages had good potentially degradable dry matter, effective dry matter and effective protein degradability at 0.01, 0.05 and 0.08 rumen outflow rates without affecting the rumen environment maintaining neutral pH. The ensiled mixtures had a moderate level of potentially degradable NDF and ADF fractions.

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Relationship between in situ rumen protein degradability and chemical composition of alfalfa hays

CrossRef Listing of Deleted DOIs ◽

10.1051/rnd:19990604 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 48 (6) ◽

pp. 447-456

Author(s):

Maria Remedios Alvir ◽

Javier González ◽

Carlos Alberto Rodríguez

Keyword(s):

Chemical Composition ◽

Protein Degradability

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Characterization of proteins in feeds according to the CNCPS and comparison to in situ parameters

Czech Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.17221/7499-cjas ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 59 (No. 6) ◽

pp. 288-295 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

M. Chrenková ◽

Z. Čerešňáková ◽

M.R. Weisbjerg ◽

Z. Formelová ◽

M. Poláčiková ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Crude Protein ◽

Total N ◽

In Situ Method ◽

Legume Seeds ◽

Ruminal Degradability ◽

Feed Protein ◽

True Protein ◽

By Products

Several methods were used for the evaluation of feed protein for rumen degradability and intestinal digestibility of rumen undegraded protein (RUP). The aim of this work was to explore the possibility of using the Cornell method of predicting the fraction RUP. An in situ method was adopted for estimation of degradability parameters (a, b, c) and effective degradable crude protein (EDCP), and five nitrogen fractions (A, B1, B2, B3, and C) were determined according to the Cornell Net Carbohydrate and Protein System (CNCPS). Fifty-one feedstuffs – 13 cereals grains, 5 legume seeds, 3 oilseeds, 11 oilseed by-products, 4 distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS), and 15 silages (maize, lucerne, grass, and grass-clover) – were used in this work. The examined feedstuffs varied widely in nutrient composition. Fraction B1 (soluble true protein) in forages was small (2.5–5.7% of total N), but it varied to a large extent in concentrates (DDGS 0.9–1.2, legumes 46.5–63.7, oilseeds meal 17.1–51.8% of total N). Fraction B2 represented a large proportion of the total protein in oil seed meals (44.3–82.6% of total N) and in DDGS (55.8–77.8% of total N), too. Fraction B3 was relatively small (less than 10% of total N) in all feedstuffs and declined with increasing acid detergent insoluble nitrogen (ADIN) concentration. The concentration of ADIN fraction in feeds affected ruminal degradability. Lucerne silage, with a high content of ADIN (30.9% of total N), had a low effective crude protein (CP) degradability (57%). Correlation between EDCP and fraction A was r = 0.76. A weaker correlation (r = 0.67) was found between in situ parameter “b” and fractions B2 and B3 (r = 0.59), respectively. The results show that much more samples of all feed types should be analyzed to obtain results allowing a more exact prediction of CP degradability and RUP.

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