Real-time forecasting of irrigation water requirements of paddy fields

To achieve enhanced nitrogen removal, we modified a cultivation system with circulated irrigation of treated municipal wastewater by using rice for animal feed instead of human consumption. The performance of this modified system was evaluated through a bench-scale experiment by comparing the direction of circulated irrigation (i.e. passing through paddy soil upward and downward). The modified system achieved more than three times higher nitrogen removal (3.2 g) than the system in which rice for human consumption was cultivated. The removal efficiency was higher than 99.5%, regardless of the direction of circulated irrigation. Nitrogen in the treated municipal wastewater was adsorbed by the rice plant in this cultivation system as effectively as chemical fertilizer used in normal paddy fields. Circulated irrigation increased the nitrogen released to the atmosphere, probably due to enhanced denitrification. Neither the circulation of irrigation water nor its direction affected the growth of the rice plant and the yield and quality of harvested rice. The yield of rice harvested in this system did not reach the target value in normal paddy fields. To increase this yield, a larger amount of treated wastewater should be applied to the system, considering the significant amount of nitrogen released to the atmosphere.

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Irrigation water requirements for seed corn and coffee under potential climate change scenarios

Journal of Water and Climate Change ◽

10.2166/wcc.2015.025 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 39-51 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Ali Fares ◽

Ripendra Awal ◽

Samira Fares ◽

Alton B. Johnson ◽

Hector Valenzuela

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Irrigation Water ◽

Co2 Emission ◽

Future Climate Change ◽

Climate Change Scenarios ◽

Deep Percolation ◽

Canopy Interception ◽

Water Requirements ◽

Seed Corn ◽

The Impact

The impact of potential future climate change scenarios on the irrigation water requirements (IRRs) of two major agricultural crops (coffee and seed corn) in Hawai'i was studied using the Irrigation Management System (IManSys) model. In addition to IRRs calculations, IManSys calculates runoff, deep percolation, canopy interception, and effective rainfall based on plant growth parameters, site specific soil hydrological properties, irrigation system efficiency, and long-term daily weather data. Irrigation water requirements of two crops were simulated using historical climate data and different levels of atmospheric CO2 (330, 550, 710 and 970 ppm), temperature (+1.1 and +6.4 °C) and precipitation (±5, ±10 and ±20%) chosen based on the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) AR4 projections under reference, B1, A1B1 and A1F1 emission scenarios. IRRs decreased as CO2 emission increased. The average percentage decrease in IRRs for seed corn is higher than that of coffee. However, runoff, rain canopy interception, and deep percolation below the root zone increased as precipitation increased. Canopy interception and drainage increased with increased CO2 emission. Evapotranspiration responded positively to air temperature rise, and as a result, IRRs increased as well. Further studies using crop models will predict crop yield responses to these different irrigation scenarios.

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Discussion of “Effective Rainfall and Irrigation Water Requirements”

Journal of the Irrigation and Drainage Division ◽

10.1061/jrcea4.0000347 ◽

1965 ◽

Vol 91 (1) ◽

pp. 215-218

Author(s):

Tyler H. Quackenbush ◽

Harry F. Blaney

Keyword(s):

Irrigation Water ◽

Effective Rainfall ◽

Water Requirements

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Climate change impacts on irrigation water requirements in the Guadalquivir river basin in Spain

Regional Environmental Change ◽

10.1007/s10113-007-0035-3 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 7 (3) ◽

pp. 149-159 ◽

Cited By ~ 156

Author(s):

J. A. Rodríguez Díaz ◽

E. K. Weatherhead ◽

J. W. Knox ◽

E. Camacho

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

River Basin ◽

Irrigation Water ◽

Climate Change Impacts ◽

Water Requirements ◽

Guadalquivir River

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Irrigation Water Requirements of Green Pea

Best Management Practices for Drip Irrigated Crops ◽

10.1201/b18709-29 ◽

2015 ◽

pp. 303-310

Keyword(s):

Irrigation Water ◽

Water Requirements ◽

Green Pea

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Assessment of Agricultural Water Requirements for Semi-Arid Areas: A Case Study of the Boufakrane River Watershed (Morocco)

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app112110379 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (21) ◽

pp. 10379

Author(s):

Mohammed El Hafyani ◽

Ali Essahlaoui ◽

Kimberley Fung-Loy ◽

Jason A. Hubbart ◽

Anton Van Rompaey

Keyword(s):

Land Use ◽

Irrigation Water ◽

Fruit Trees ◽

Agricultural Water ◽

Water Requirements ◽

Crop Types ◽

Olive Trees ◽

Semi Arid ◽

Irrigation Requirements

This work was undertaken to develop a low-cost but reliable assessment method for agricultural water requirements in semi-arid locations based on remote sensing data/techniques. In semi-arid locations, water resources are often limited, and long-term water consumption may exceed the natural replenishment rates of groundwater reservoirs. Sustainable land management in these locations must include tools that facilitate assessment of the impact of potential future land use changes. Agricultural practices in the Boufakrane River watershed (Morocco) were used as a case study application. Land use practices were mapped at the thematic resolution of individual crops, using a total of 13 images generated from the Sentinel-2 satellites. Using a supervised classification scheme, crop types were identified as cereals, other crops followed by cereals, vegetables, olive trees, and fruit trees. Two classifiers were used, namely Support vector machine (SVM) and Random forest (RF). A validation of the classified parcels showed a high overall accuracy of 89.76% for SVM and 84.03% for RF. Results showed that cereal is the most represented species, covering 8870.43 ha and representing 52.42% of the total area, followed by olive trees with 4323.18 ha and a coverage rate of 25%. Vegetables and other crops followed by cereals cover 1530.06 ha and 1661.45 ha, respectively, representing 9.4% and 9.8% of the total area. In the last rank, fruit trees occupy only 3.67% of the total area, with 621.06 ha. The Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) free software was used to overlay satellite data images with those of climate for agricultural water resources management in the region. This process facilitated estimations of irrigation water requirements for all crop types, taking into account total potential evapotranspiration, effective rainfall, and irrigation water requirements. Results showed that olive trees, fruit trees, and other crops followed by cereals are the most water demanding, with irrigation requirements exceeding 500 mm. The irrigation requirements of cereals and vegetables are lower than those of other classes, with amounts of 300 mm and 150 mm, respectively.

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Integrating Drone Technology into an Innovative Agrometeorological Methodology for the Precise and Real-Time Estimation of Crop Water Requirements

Hydrology ◽

10.3390/hydrology8030131 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (3) ◽

pp. 131

Author(s):

Stavros Alexandris ◽

Emmanouil Psomiadis ◽

Nikolaos Proutsos ◽

Panos Philippopoulos ◽

Ioannis Charalampopoulos ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Real Time ◽

Spatial Data ◽

Precision Agriculture ◽

Time Estimation ◽

Stress Index ◽

Crop Water ◽

Crop Water Stress Index ◽

Water Requirements ◽

Ongoing Research ◽

Ir Camera

Precision agriculture has been at the cutting edge of research during the recent decade, aiming to reduce water consumption and ensure sustainability in agriculture. The proposed methodology was based on the crop water stress index (CWSI) and was applied in Greece within the ongoing research project GreenWaterDrone. The innovative approach combines real spatial data, such as infrared canopy temperature, air temperature, air relative humidity, and thermal infrared image data, taken above the crop field using an aerial micrometeorological station (AMMS) and a thermal (IR) camera installed on an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). Following an initial calibration phase, where the ground micrometeorological station (GMMS) was installed in the crop, no equipment needed to be maintained in the field. Aerial and ground measurements were transferred in real time to sophisticated databases and applications over existing mobile networks for further processing and estimation of the actual water requirements of a specific crop at the field level, dynamically alerting/informing local farmers/agronomists of the irrigation necessity and additionally for potential risks concerning their fields. The supported services address farmers’, agricultural scientists’, and local stakeholders’ needs to conform to regional water management and sustainable agriculture policies. As preliminary results of this study, we present indicative original illustrations and data from applying the methodology to assess UAV functionality while aiming to evaluate and standardize all system processes.

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Remote sensing-based soil water balance for irrigation water accounting at the Spanish Iberian Peninsula

Proceedings of the International Association of Hydrological Sciences ◽

10.5194/piahs-380-29-2018 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 380 ◽

pp. 29-35 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Jesús Garrido-Rubio ◽

Alfonso Calera Belmonte ◽

Lorena Fraile Enguita ◽

Irene Arellano Alcázar ◽

Mario Belmonte Mancebo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Remote Sensing ◽

Time Series ◽

Water Balance ◽

Iberian Peninsula ◽

Soil Water ◽

Irrigation Water ◽

Water Governance ◽

Soil Water Balance ◽

Water Requirements ◽

Water Accounting

Abstract. Temporal series maps of irrigated areas, and the corresponding irrigation water requirements based on remote sensing, is a recognized tool contributing to water governance at different scales, from water user associations to whole river basin districts. These thematic cartographies offer a first estimation of the crop irrigation requirements, and a biophysical based approach of the temporal and spatial distribution of the crop water use in the cultivated areas. This work describes the operational application of these methodologies, providing valuable information for water governance and management purposes. The basic products obtained in the whole Spanish part of the Iberian Peninsula during the period 2014–2017 were: (i) annual maps of irrigated crops based on time series of multispectral satellite imagery; and (ii) the direct remote sensing-based water accounting, by quantifying agricultural water flows (e.g. rainfall, irrigation, evapotranspiration, drainage and recharge), through a remote sensing-based soil water balance. Hence this paper provides a remote sensing based water accounting approach, which relies on dense time series of multispectral imagery acquired by the multisensor constellation arranged by Landsat 8 and Sentinel-2 satellites, jointly with meteorological data and agronomic knowledge. Then, based on these purpose and approach, annual and monthly maps of net irrigation water requirements have been elaborated at the most practical spatial and temporal scales for water governance purposes over big areas such river basin districts. This work summarizes the methodologies used and discuss the technical and non-technical feasibility of the proposed approach.

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