A comparison of the use of fire zone and field models for simulating atrium smoke-filling processes

1995 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 337-353 ◽  
Author(s):  
W.K. Chow
Keyword(s):  
1995 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 434-444 ◽  
Author(s):  
W.K. Chow

A time constant derived from a t-squared fire with the geometry of an atrium is proposed to specify the smoke filling time. The smoke filling pro cesses in 27 atria with volume varying from 2,500 to 35,000 m3 were simulated by the fire zone model CFAST version 2.0. The atria are located adjacent to a "fire" shop at a lower level. Correlation relationships between the smoke filling time and the time constant are derived. Further, performance of smoke control systems in the atria are evaluated.


1998 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
W.K. Chow
Keyword(s):  

Author(s):  
V.N. Bordakov ◽  

Test-fires to determine fire-extinguishers’ efficiency for extinguishing B class fires are conducted by operators equipped with working clothes, which does not comply with the requirements of physical modelling. This is why the ranks of extinguished modelled seats are significantly overestimated. The quantitative results of fire seats’ extinguishing can be comparatively evaluated in accordance with the value of specific flow rate of a fire-extinguishing agent. As it was detected, the specific flow rate of a fire-extinguishing agent does not actually depend on the rank of modelled fire seat when extinguished by an operator wearing thermal-protective clothes. At the same time, it is increasing along with the expansion of the fire zone scale in case the fire is extinguished without special protective clothes. Consequently, to increase the fire-extinguisher’s efficiency data reliability, the certifying tests should be conducted in conditions close to the real application conditions when the first person to firefight is not equipped with such special protective clothes. The experimental studies to determine the specific flow rate of a fire-extinguishing agent used modelled fire seats of various ranks. The analysis of results showed that the fire-extinguishers ensuring generation of drops of prevailing size more than 0,5 mm are required to extinguish the modelled sire seats. The degree of increasing flow rate for the fire-extinguishing agent to eliminate a fire and observation of a safe distance from the flame for an operator are conditioned by the scale of fire zone and affect the specific flow rate of agent required to ensure stable fire-extinguishing. Based on the results of extinguishing the fire seats «34В» or «55В», it is demonstrated that via using a correction factor it is possible, assuming an acceptable error, to evaluate the flow rate of fire-extinguishing agent to extinguish a modelled fire seat of any rank.


2016 ◽  
pp. 783-791
Author(s):  
Qiang Li ◽  
Jinmei Li ◽  
Shijing Ren ◽  
Jiaqing Zhang
Keyword(s):  

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. K. Chow ◽  
C. L. Chow ◽  
S. S. Li

Many tall halls of big space volume were built and, to be built in many construction projects in the Far East, particularly Mainland China, Hong Kong, and Taiwan. Smoke is identified to be the key hazard to handle. Consequently, smoke exhaust systems are specified in the fire code in those areas. An update on applying Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) in smoke exhaust design will be presented in this paper. Key points to note in CFD simulations on smoke filling due to a fire in a big hall will be discussed. Mathematical aspects concerning of discretization of partial differential equations and algorithms for solving the velocity-pressure linked equations are briefly outlined. Results predicted by CFD with different free boundary conditions are compared with those on room fire tests. Standards on grid size, relaxation factors, convergence criteria, and false diffusion should be set up for numerical experiments with CFD.


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