The Urgence of Disaster Applications in The Era of Community 5.0

People have been familiar with applications since the introduction of computers as a tool in completing work, whether in offices, companies and other businesses, where applications are now not a rare item because almost all people have smartphones. The Inarisk Disaster Application and BMKG Info that have been issued by BNPB and BMKG is an application that can be accessed by the general public to find out the possible places where disasters will occur around us, both natural and non-natural disasters. Indonesia is one of the countries that is very prone to disasters where Indonesia has several tectonic plates and is also traversed by the ring of fire zone which is very susceptible to various kinds of disasters so that a breakthrough is needed in making applications that can be connected and accessible to the public, not only those who have smartphones. live in urban areas but people live in remote areas. The government's efforts in realizing a more comprehensive disaster application need to be realized immediately because society is currently moving towards society 5.0. where all work and activities are supported by application-based technology, in addition to the existence of disaster applications, it means that the community and government can carry out early detection and prevention of possible disasters that will occur.

Influence Mechanism of Nitrogen Injection Into Closed Fire Zone On the Re-Ignition For Residual Coal in Goaf

Coal is the foundation of Chinese energy and economic structure, and the unsealing of coal mine fires would cause a great risk of coal re-ignition. The uniaxial compression equipped with a temperature-programmed (UCTP) device was built to explore the influence of pressure-bearing state on the re-ignition characteristics of residual coal. The Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Synchronous Thermal Analyzer (STA) and Fourier Transform Infrared Absorption Spectrometer (FTIR) was applied to investigate the microscopic structure and thermal effect of the coal samples. Moreover, the microscopic effect of uniaxial stress on coal re-ignition was revealed, and the re-ignition mechanism was also obtained. As the uniaxial stress increases, the number, depth and length of the fractures in the pretreated coal increase, and the filling material increases. The application of uniaxial stress causes the thermal conductivity to change periodically, which enhances the heat transfer inhibition effect of nitrogen and prolongs the oxidation exothermic stage. The content of oxygen-containing functional groups has a high correlation with apparent activation energy, and coal samples at 6 MPa are more likely to re-ignition when the fire zone is unsealed. Uniaxial stress controls the re-ignition mechanism by changing the structure of fractures and pores. The side chains and functional groups in the coal structure are easier to break under thermal-stress coupling. The higher the ·OH content, the more difficult it is to re-ignition. The research results have laid a solid theoretical foundation for the safe unsealing of coal field fire areas, tightened the common bond between the actual industry and the experimental theory in the closed fire area, and provided theoretical guidance for preventing coal re-ignition.

Fire Resistant Watertight Structural Doors

With the impact of increased fire resistance requirements that NAVSEA is invoking on ship programs, and the lack of structural doors (i.e., watertight) that are also fire resistant, the industry can benefit from having a compliant option for structural doors that maintains the required internal shipboard fire zone boundaries using only one structural door. Currently using either legacy Navy standard watertight single doors or the new standardized family of watertight single doors tested for pressure and shock qualification during the prior NSRP project, would require installation of two doors in close proximity to one another at fire zone boundaries. One that serves as a fire barrier and the other serving to maintain watertight integrity, or some other mitigating design. A fire resistant watertight door design will reduce the area and volume penalty to ship designs compared to alternate methods and will reduce the ship cost due to having fewer doors to purchase and install. Upon incorporation in a revised Navy standard drawing, these drawings are expected to be invoked on current and future shipbuilding contracts, which will provide a strong basis for widespread implementation after the project is completed.

The Study of Fire-extinguishing Process of Modelled Fire Seats

Test-fires to determine fire-extinguishers’ efficiency for extinguishing B class fires are conducted by operators equipped with working clothes, which does not comply with the requirements of physical modelling. This is why the ranks of extinguished modelled seats are significantly overestimated. The quantitative results of fire seats’ extinguishing can be comparatively evaluated in accordance with the value of specific flow rate of a fire-extinguishing agent. As it was detected, the specific flow rate of a fire-extinguishing agent does not actually depend on the rank of modelled fire seat when extinguished by an operator wearing thermal-protective clothes. At the same time, it is increasing along with the expansion of the fire zone scale in case the fire is extinguished without special protective clothes. Consequently, to increase the fire-extinguisher’s efficiency data reliability, the certifying tests should be conducted in conditions close to the real application conditions when the first person to firefight is not equipped with such special protective clothes. The experimental studies to determine the specific flow rate of a fire-extinguishing agent used modelled fire seats of various ranks. The analysis of results showed that the fire-extinguishers ensuring generation of drops of prevailing size more than 0,5 mm are required to extinguish the modelled sire seats. The degree of increasing flow rate for the fire-extinguishing agent to eliminate a fire and observation of a safe distance from the flame for an operator are conditioned by the scale of fire zone and affect the specific flow rate of agent required to ensure stable fire-extinguishing. Based on the results of extinguishing the fire seats «34В» or «55В», it is demonstrated that via using a correction factor it is possible, assuming an acceptable error, to evaluate the flow rate of fire-extinguishing agent to extinguish a modelled fire seat of any rank.

The Ethics of Care in the No Fire Zone: Anuk Arudpragasam’s The Story of a Brief Marriage

The ethics of care is a central element in the novel The Story of a Brief Marriage (2016), written by Anuk Arudpragasam in response to the slaughter which the Tamil community suffered in the final months of the Sri Lankan civil war in 2009. This article discusses the novel from this theoretical perspective, positing that care is played out as a strategy to enhance the jeopardised human condition of those involved. The narrative bears witness to the intense suffering of this community at a time when the situation was deadly for civilians, who were confined in the so-called “No Fire Zone.” Paradoxically, this area was systematically shelled, its conditions responding to what Achille Mbembe has described as necropolitics. In the midst of this horror, however, Arudpragasam’s novel finds a deeply moving ethics of care in people’s attitudes to one another, which signals a desperate attempt to keep the bereaved community together or at least maintain an essential sense of humanness. Care is also identified as intentio autoris since the novel becomes a powerful reminder of the huge toll of human lives and the immense pain that occurred in this dark episode, as well as the failure—or lack of interest—of the international community to intervene in order to save thousands of innocent lives.