Effect of fatty acid saturation in membrane lipid bilayers on simple diffusion in the presence of ethanol at high concentrations

The metabolism of double-labeled triglyceride in a synthetic emulsion was defined in an in vitro perfusion system of rat hind end and liver described previously [Am. J. Physiol. 245 (Gastrointest. Liver Physiol. 8): G106-G112, 1983]. The metabolism of [3H]glycerol-[14C]triolein was defined in the absence of added apoproteins and with additions of human CII and both CII and CIII. Without apoprotein, a pronounced lipolysis of the triglyceride was recognized by high concentrations of radiolabeled glycerol and free fatty acid in the perfusate. The removal of an aliquot of hind-end venous effluent 5 min after adding the labeled triglyceride emulsion to the arterial inflow demonstrated a brisk lipolysis of the substrate when incubated outside the perfusion system. The addition of CII protein to the emulsion before its introduction into the tandem system eliminated perfusate lipolysis, both within the perfusion system and in incubations of aliquots withdrawn from the system. Intravascular lipolysis was not seen with triglyceride emulsions containing both CII and CIH or when an aliquot of hind-end venous effluent was incubated with triglycerides that had not been exposed to the perfusion system. The intravascular lipolysis observed for the [14C]triglyceride added to the tandem system without apoproteins was associated with relatively greater recoveries of 14C-fatty acyl in liver, fat, and muscle and relatively greater recoveries of 14CO2 than when CII alone or both CII and CIII were added with the triglyceride. The addition of CIII to CII in a 1:1 molar ratio increased the recovery of 14C-fatty acyl in muscle and the recovery as 14CO2.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

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Effects of a high n-3 fatty acid diet on membrane lipid composition of heart and skeletal muscle in normal swine and in swine with the genetic mutation for malignant hyperthermia

The Journal of Lipid Research ◽

10.1016/s0022-2275(20)37133-9 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 38 (10) ◽

pp. 2023-2034

Author(s):

W Otten ◽

P A Iaizzo ◽

H M Eichinger

Keyword(s):

Skeletal Muscle ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Malignant Hyperthermia ◽

Lipid Composition ◽

Genetic Mutation ◽

Membrane Lipid ◽

Membrane Lipid Composition ◽

Acid Diet

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Metabolomics and lipid profile analysis of Coccomyxa melkonianii SCCA 048

Extremophiles ◽

10.1007/s00792-021-01234-z ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Giacomo Fais ◽

Veronica Malavasi ◽

Paola Scano ◽

Santina Soru ◽

Pierluigi Caboni ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acid ◽

Profile Analysis ◽

Partial Least Square ◽

Least Square ◽

Mining Site ◽

Mining Areas ◽

Pls Analysis ◽

Threonic Acid ◽

High Concentrations ◽

Potential Exploitation

AbstractWith an unsupervised GC–MS metabolomics approach, polar metabolite changes of the microalgae Coccomyxa melkonianii SCCA 048 grown under standard conditions for seven weeks were studied. C. melkonianii was sampled at the Rio Irvi River, in the mining site of Montevecchio-Ingurtosu (Sardinia, Italy), which is severely contaminated by heavy metals and shows high concentrations of sulfates. The partial-least-square (PLS) analysis of the GC–MS data indicated that growth of C. melkonianii was characterized by an increase of the levels of threonic acid, myo-inositol, malic acid, and fumaric acid. Furthermore, at the sixth week of exponential phase the lipid fingerprint of C. melkonianii was studied by LC-QTOF-MS. C. melkonianii lipid extract characterized through an iterative MS/MS analysis showed the following percent levels: 61.34 ± 0.60% for triacylglycerols (TAG); 11.55 ± 0.09% for diacylglyceryltrimethyl homoserines (DGTS), 11.34 ± 0.10% for sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerols (SQDG) and, 5.29 ± 0.04% for lysodiacylglyceryltrimethyl homoserines (LDGTS). Noteworthy, we were able to annotate different fatty acid ester of hydroxyl fatty acid, such as FAHFA (18:1_20:3), FAHFA (18:2_20:4), FAHFA (18:0_20:2), and FAHFA (18:1_18:0), with relevant biological activity. These approaches can be useful to study the biochemistry of this extremophile algae in the view of its potential exploitation in the phycoremediation of polluted mining areas.

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The regulation of glyceride synthesis in isolated white-fat cells. The effects of palmitate and lipolytic agents

Biochemical Journal ◽

10.1042/bj1281057 ◽

1972 ◽

Vol 128 (5) ◽

pp. 1057-1067 ◽

Cited By ~ 31

Author(s):

E. D Saggerson

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Free Fatty Acids ◽

Fatty Acid Synthesis ◽

Acid Synthesis ◽

Fat Cells ◽

Glyceride Synthesis ◽

Glucose Incorporation ◽

High Concentrations ◽

Stimulation Of

1. 0.5mm-Palmitate stimulated incorporation of [U-14C]glucose into glyceride glycerol and fatty acids in normal fat cells in a manner dependent upon the glucose concentration. 2. In the presence of insulin the incorporation of 5mm-glucose into glyceride fatty acids was increased by concentrations of palmitate, adrenaline and 6-N-2′-O-dibutyryladenosine 3′:5′-cyclic monophosphate up to 0.5mm, 0.5μm and 0.5mm respectively. Higher concentrations of these agents produced progressive decreases in the rate of glucose incorporation into fatty acids. 3. The effects of palmitate and lipolytic agents upon the measured parameters of glucose utilization were similar, suggesting that the effects of lipolytic agents are mediated through increased concentrations of free fatty acids. 4. In fat cells from 24h-starved rats, maximal stimulation of glucose incorporation into fatty acids was achieved with 0.25mm-palmitate. Higher concentrations of palmitate were inhibitory. In fat cells from 72h-starved rats, palmitate only stimulated glucose incorporation into fatty acids at high concentrations of palmitate (1mm and above). 5. The ability of fat cells to incorporate glucose into glyceride glycerol in the presence of palmitate decreased with increasing periods of starvation. 6. It is suggested that low concentrations of free fatty acids stimulate fatty acid synthesis from glucose by increasing the utilization of ATP and cytoplasmic NADH for esterification of these free fatty acids. When esterification of free fatty acids does not keep pace with their provision, inhibition of fatty acid synthesis occurs. Provision of free fatty acids far in excess of the esterification capacity of the cells leads to uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation and a secondary stimulation of fatty acid synthesis from glucose.

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Association of the Cytopathic Effect of Sindbis Virus with Increased Fatty Acid Saturation

Journal of General Virology ◽

10.1099/0022-1317-59-1-219 ◽

1982 ◽

Vol 59 (1) ◽

pp. 219-222 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

C. M. Nozawa ◽

K. Apostolov

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acid ◽

Sindbis Virus ◽

Cytopathic Effect ◽

Fatty Acid Saturation

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Carotenoid-enriched oil preparation and stability analysis during storage: Influence of oils’ chain length and fatty acid saturation

LWT ◽

10.1016/j.lwt.2021.112163 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 112163

Author(s):

Yang Liu ◽

Caiyue Zhang ◽

Baozhong Cui ◽

Meiqian Wang ◽

Hongfei Fu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acid ◽

Stability Analysis ◽

Chain Length ◽

Fatty Acid Saturation

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Circulating Ceramides and Sphingomyelins and Risk of Mortality: The Cardiovascular Health Study

Clinical Chemistry ◽

10.1093/clinchem/hvab182 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Amanda M Fretts ◽

Paul N Jensen ◽

Andrew N Hoofnagle ◽

Barbara McKnight ◽

Colleen M Sitlani ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Cardiovascular Health ◽

Health Study ◽

Cardiovascular Health Study ◽

Risk Of Death ◽

Risk Of Mortality ◽

Increased Risk ◽

High Concentrations ◽

Long Chain

Abstract Background Recent studies suggest that associations of ceramides (Cer) and sphingomyelins (SM) with health outcomes differ according to the fatty acid acylated to the sphingoid backbone. The purpose of this study was to assess associations of Cer and SM species with mortality. Methods The study population included participants from the Cardiovascular Health Study (CHS), a community-based cohort of adults aged ≥65 years who were followed from 1992–2015 (n = 4612). Associations of plasma Cer and SM species carrying long-chain (i.e., 16:0) and very-long-chain (i.e., 20:0, 22:0, 24:0) saturated fatty acids with mortality were assessed using Cox proportional hazards models. Results During a median follow-up of 10.2 years, 4099 deaths occurred. High concentrations of Cer and SM carrying fatty acid 16:0 were each associated with an increased risk of mortality. Conversely, high concentrations of several ceramide and sphingomyelin species carrying longer fatty acids were each associated with a decreased risk of mortality. The hazard ratios for total mortality per 2-fold difference in each Cer and SM species were: 1.89 (95% CI), 1.65–2.17 for Cer-16, 0.79 (95% CI, 0.70–0.88) for Cer-22, 0.74 (95% CI, 0.65–0.84) for Cer-24, 2.51 (95% CI, 2.01–3.14) for SM-16, 0.68 (95% CI, 0.58–0.79) for SM-20, 0.57 (95% CI, 0.49–0.67) for SM-22, and 0.66 (0.57–0.75) for SM-24. We found no association of Cer-20 with risk of death. Conclusions Associations of Cer and SM with the risk of death differ according to the length of their acylated saturated fatty acid. Future studies are needed to explore mechanisms underlying these relationships.

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