Depiction by lorenz curves and quantification by gini coefficients of the concentration of cases in dermatologic diagnostic categories

1993 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 102
Author(s):  
Philip D. Shenefelt
Keyword(s):  
Lorenz Curves ◽  
Gini Coefficients ◽  
Diagnostic Categories

Evaluation of extent and amount of heterogeneous variance for milk yield in Uruguayan Holsteins

2001 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 259-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. I. Urioste ◽  
D. Gianola ◽  
R. Rekaya ◽  
W. F. Fikse ◽  
K. A. Weigel
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Phenotypic Variance ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Lorenz Curves ◽  
Gini Coefficients ◽  
Adjustment Procedure ◽  
Contemporary Group ◽  
Lactation Length ◽  
Log Linear

AbstractThe extent and amount of heterogeneous phenotypic variance for milk yield in the Uruguayan Holstein population were evaluated and a simple method of accounting for heterogeneity was developed. Lactation records (159 169) collected between 1989 and 1998 by two recording schemes were used to form 8955 herd-year-season-parity-lactation length contemporary groups. A log-linear model was used to identify factors affecting heterogeneity of phenotypic variance. The model included effects of production level, contemporary group size, recording scheme, herd, season of calving, parity number, calving year period and length of lactation and accounted for 50% of the variation in log variances. Estimates from this model were used in a Bayesian manner, to obtain posterior mean estimates of within-contemporary-group variances, which were then used to standardize records to a baseline variance. Effects of the adjustment were assessed by comparing coefficients of variation before and after correction, by correlation and regression between mean and standard deviations, and by using Gini coefficients and Lorenz curves. The adjustment procedure reduced heteroscedasticity primarily by decreasing the frequency of low-variance contemporary groups. Lorenz curves and Gini coefficients indicated that the largest impact of the standardization procedure was related to the size of the contemporary group. Some differences in the effect of the correction were found between recording schemes. The method for adjusting records is simple and easy to adapt to current genetic evaluation procedures.

scholarly journals Application of ICP-MS and various computational methods for drinking water quality assessment from the Silesian District (Southern Poland)

2012 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Skorek ◽  
Magdalena Jablonska ◽  
Marzena Polowniak ◽  
Andrzej Kita ◽  
Piotr Janoska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Computational Methods ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Water Quality Assessment ◽  
Lorenz Curves ◽  
Gini Coefficients ◽  
Southern Poland ◽  
Icp Ms ◽  
And Cluster Analysis

AbstractIn this study, more than 200 samples of drinking water from taps in the Silesian District (southern Poland) were analyzed. Concentrations of As, Bi, Cd, Co, Cr, Mo, Ni, Pb, Rb, Sb, Se, Te, Tl and V were measured using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry technique (ICP-MS). The levels of the tested elements generally met European Union regulations. All analytical results were processed using computational methods, including the Pearson and Gini coefficients with the Lorenz curves, one-way ANOVA, the Kruskal-Wallis one-way analysis of variance, the Mann-Whitney U test, the variance correlation test and the Spearman’s test. In addition, Principal Component Analysis (PCA) with Varimax and Cluster Analysis with Ward’s Method were applied. It was shown, that some parameters (e.g. hardness and alkalinity) were highly correlated. The score plot described the degree of mineralization of water samples, so the origin of water could be easily determined. In turn, based on the created dendrogram, the division of samples into several groups (with soft, medium and highly mineralized water) could be deduced.

scholarly journals On Marker-Assisted Prediction of Genetic Value: Beyond the Ridge

Genetics ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 163 (1) ◽  
pp. 347-365 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Gianola ◽  
Miguel Perez-Enciso ◽  
Miguel A Toro
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Multilevel Models ◽  
Selection Index ◽  
Spatial Covariance ◽  
Linear Unbiased Prediction ◽  
Lorenz Curves ◽  
Gini Coefficients ◽  
Best Linear Unbiased ◽  
Genetic Value ◽  
Dense Marker

Abstract Marked-assisted genetic improvement of agricultural species exploits statistical dependencies in the joint distribution of marker genotypes and quantitative traits. An issue is how molecular (e.g., dense marker maps) and phenotypic information (e.g., some measure of yield in plants) is to be used for predicting the genetic value of candidates for selection. Multiple regression, selection index techniques, best linear unbiased prediction, and ridge regression of phenotypes on marker genotypes have been suggested, as well as more elaborate methods. Here, phenotype-marker associations are modeled hierarchically via multilevel models including chromosomal effects, a spatial covariance of marked effects within chromosomes, background genetic variability, and family heterogeneity. Lorenz curves and Gini coefficients are suggested for assessing the inequality of the contribution of different marked effects to genetic variability. Classical and Bayesian methods are presented. The Bayesian approach includes a Markov chain Monte Carlo implementation. The generality and flexibility of the Bayesian method is illustrated when a Lorenz curve is to be inferred.

scholarly journals International Comparisons of Income Inequality and Welfare in the 1980s

2012 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-26
Author(s):  
Park Chanyong
Keyword(s):  
Income Inequality ◽  
Household Income ◽  
International Comparisons ◽  
Total Income ◽  
Lorenz Curves ◽  
Gini Coefficients ◽  
Real Gdp ◽  
Real Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Analytical Tools ◽  
Income Decile

The main purpose of this paper is to compare the income inequality and welfare levels between countries selected on a worldwide basis in the 1980s. As analytical tools, Lorenz curves, the Gini coefficients and generalized Lorenz curves are used. Implicit in our analysis is the presumption that welfare is a function of the "size" of total income and distributional equality. This study makes it possible to observe the welfare levels of the selected countries by combining real GDP per capita with income decile. It thus contributes to increasing our understanding of household income inequality and welfare levels in the 1980s. Data for this study is from the "Households Income and Expenditure Statistics, 4th edition" (HIES), one of a series published by the International Labour Organization.

Opportunity and inequality in the emerging esports labor market

2021 ◽  
pp. 101269022110640
Author(s):  
Christopher M. McLeod ◽  
Hanhan Xue ◽  
Joshua I. Newman
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Social Inequalities ◽  
Gender Inequalities ◽  
Lorenz Curves ◽  
Gini Coefficients ◽  
Poverty Threshold ◽  
Top Incomes ◽  
Young Professional ◽  
Labor Market Inequality ◽  
The Us

Esports is often described as a growing industry ripe with financial opportunities for young professional, competitive gamers. However, these claims rarely consider how income is distributed amongst players. This study uses prize earnings data from 2005 to 2019 to examine labor market inequality and related social inequalities and social stratifications. Lorenz curves and Gini coefficients show that inequality has increased in the labor market overall and the labor markets for the five top games based on total prizes awarded ( Dota 2, Counter-Strike: Global Offensive, Fortnite, League of Legends, StarCraft II). Competitors can expect to earn more today than in 2005, but median incomes have shown sporadic and inconsistent growth compared with top incomes. Moreover, most competitors earn less than the US poverty threshold. Comparing the earnings of the top female players to the whole labor market shows that gender inequalities exist in median incomes and the likelihood of earning more than the poverty threshold. The esports labor market is an engine of inequality that provides opportunities for a few (primarily male) competitors while building a growing class of lowly paid players who support the interests of game designers and event organizers.

Bibliometric evaluation of pediatric neurosurgery in North America

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 695-703 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Klimo ◽  
Garrett T. Venable ◽  
Nickalus R. Khan ◽  
Douglas R. Taylor ◽  
Brandon A. Shepherd ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Pediatric Neurosurgery ◽  
Entire Group ◽  
Lorenz Curves ◽  
Gini Coefficients ◽  
Private Practitioners ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Fellowship Programs ◽  
Number Of Publications ◽  
Citation Metrics

Object The application of bibliometric techniques to academic neurosurgery has been the focus of several recent publications. The authors provide here a detailed analysis of all active pediatric neurosurgeons in North America and their respective departments. Methods Using Scopus and Google Scholar, a bibliometric profile for every known active pediatric neurosurgeon in North America was created using the following citation metrics: h-, contemporary h-, g-, and e-indices and the m-quotient. Various subgroups were compared. Departmental productivity from 2008 through 2013 was measured, and departments were ranked on the basis of cumulative h- and e-indices and the total number of publications and citations. Lorenz curves were created, and Gini coefficients were calculated for all departments with 4 or more members. Results Three hundred twelve pediatric neurosurgeons (260 male, 52 female) were included for analysis. For the entire group, the median h-index, m-quotient, contemporary h-, g-, and e-indices, and the corrected g- and e-indices were 10, 0.59, 7, 18, 17, 1.14, and 1.01, respectively; the range for each index varied widely. Academic pediatric neurosurgeons associated with fellowship programs (compared with unassociated neurosurgeons), academic practitioners (compared with private practitioners), and men (compared with women) had superior measurements. There was no significant difference between American and Canadian pediatric neurosurgeons. The mean Gini coefficient for publications was 0.45 (range 0.18–0.70) and for citations was 0.53 (range 0.25–0.80). Conclusions This study represents the most exhaustive evaluation of academic productivity for pediatric neurosurgeons in North America to date. These results should serve as benchmarks for future studies.

Use of Lorenz curves and Gini coefficients to assess yield inequality within paddocks

2004 ◽  
Vol 90 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 303-310 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victor Sadras ◽  
Rodolfo Bongiovanni
Keyword(s):  
Lorenz Curves ◽  
Gini Coefficients ◽  
Yield Inequality

Equity of Bikeway Distribution in Minneapolis, Minnesota

2017 ◽  
Vol 2605 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jueyu Wang ◽  
Greg Lindsey
Keyword(s):  
Nonprofit Organizations ◽  
Vertical Equity ◽  
Total Employment ◽  
Lorenz Curves ◽  
Gini Coefficients ◽  
Street Networks ◽  
Two Measures ◽  
Flexible Measure

Governments and nonprofit organizations are investing in the bicycling infrastructure. However, the benefits of the bicycling infrastructure have not always been distributed equally among neighborhoods, and the equity of the distribution has been a major concern. This study used two measures, the Gini coefficient and the loss of accessibility to jobs via bikeways, to assess both the horizontal and the vertical equity of the bicycling infrastructure's distribution in Minneapolis, Minnesota. Gini coefficients, calculated from Lorenz curves, provide a single flexible measure that allows comparisons within and between groups. Determination of accessibility to jobs via lower-stress bikeway and street networks allows the levels of connectivity via bikeways to be compared for different groups. Minneapolis is making substantial investments in the bicycling infrastructure and was used as a case study because data with which to assess changes in equity over time are available. With use of the block group as the unit of analysis, systemwide analyses of the distribution of bikeways relative to the locations of the population and total employment revealed increases in equity from 2010 to 2014. Comparison of Gini coefficients for all bicycling facilities among different subpopulations demonstrated horizontal inequities within each subgroup as well as indicators of vertical equity for various disadvantaged subgroups. The Gini coefficients revealed inequities in the distribution of urban trails for disadvantaged subpopulations. With the use of 3-mi network buffers, a bikeway penalty, calculated as the loss of job accessibility resulting from the choice to rely on a bikeway rather than on street networks, demonstrated a vertical equity for disadvantaged subgroups. These measures can be used to inform planning for and investments in bicycling facilities and to assess and compare the bicycling infrastructures of cities.

scholarly journals Impact of taxes on redistribution in the Czech Republic

2013 ◽  
Vol 61 (7) ◽  
pp. 2931-2938
Author(s):  
Leoš Vítek ◽  
Jan Pavel
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Tax System ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Lorenz Curves ◽  
Gini Coefficients ◽  
Different Types

The paper deals with the distributive effects of taxes during last years in the Czech Republic. Using EU-SILC data for selected types of households, the paper assesses changes in the distribution of gross incomes and effects of the changes in taxes on the distribution of incomes after taxes. The analysis is carried out on different types of households. The analysis is performed using Lorenz curves and Gini coefficients. The conclusions show that the tax system has changed the distribution of incomes insignificantly.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document