Role of the defective signal transduction in the impaired endothelium-dependent relaxations under pathological conditions

1994 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 20
Author(s):  
H. Shimokawa ◽  
R. Nakaike ◽  
A. Ito
Keyword(s):  
Signal Transduction ◽  
Pathological Conditions

Dietary Carotenoids in Managing Metabolic Syndrome and Role of PPARs in the Process

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 846-853
Author(s):  
Raghunandan Purohith ◽  
Nagendra P.M. Nagalingaswamy ◽  
Nanjunda S. Shivananju
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
Bioactive Constituents ◽  
Dietary Antioxidants ◽  
Predisposing Factor ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
Established Relationship ◽  
Comprehensive Study

Metabolic syndrome is a collective term that denotes disorder in metabolism, symptoms of which include hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, and endothelial dysfunction. Diet is a major predisposing factor in the development of metabolic syndrome, and dietary intervention is necessary for both prevention and management. The bioactive constituents of food play a key role in this process. Micronutrients such as vitamins, carotenoids, amino acids, flavonoids, minerals, and aromatic pigment molecules found in fruits, vegetables, spices, and condiments are known to have beneficial effects in preventing and managing metabolic syndrome. There exists a well-established relationship between oxidative stress and major pathological conditions such as inflammation, metabolic syndrome, and cancer. Consequently, dietary antioxidants are implicated in the remediation of these complications. The mechanism of action and targets of dietary antioxidants as well as their effects on related pathways are being extensively studied and elucidated in recent times. This review attempts a comprehensive study of the role of dietary carotenoids in alleviating metabolic syndromewith an emphasis on molecular mechanism-in the light of recent advances.

The Role of Androgen Under Normal and Pathological Conditions in Sebaceous Glands: The Possibility of Target Therapy

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 311-319 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdullah Azmahani ◽  
Yasuhiro Nakamura ◽  
Keely M. McNamara ◽  
Hironobu Sasano
Keyword(s):  
Target Therapy ◽  
Sebaceous Glands ◽  
Pathological Conditions

scholarly journals From Exosome Glycobiology to Exosome Glycotechnology, the Role of Natural Occurring Polysaccharides

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 311-338
Author(s):  
Giulia Della Rosa ◽  
Clarissa Ruggeri ◽  
Alessandra Aloisi
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
Cell Communication ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
New Findings ◽  
Cell Type Specific ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
And Function ◽  
And Personalized Medicine ◽  
Innate Ability

Exosomes (EXOs) are nano-sized informative shuttles acting as endogenous mediators of cell-to-cell communication. Their innate ability to target specific cells and deliver functional cargo is recently claimed as a promising theranostic strategy. The glycan profile, actively involved in the EXO biogenesis, release, sorting and function, is highly cell type-specific and frequently altered in pathological conditions. Therefore, the modulation of EXO glyco-composition has recently been considered an attractive tool in the design of novel therapeutics. In addition to the available approaches involving conventional glyco-engineering, soft technology is becoming more and more attractive for better exploiting EXO glycan tasks and optimizing EXO delivery platforms. This review, first, explores the main functions of EXO glycans and associates the potential implications of the reported new findings across the nanomedicine applications. The state-of-the-art of the last decade concerning the role of natural polysaccharides—as targeting molecules and in 3D soft structure manufacture matrices—is then analysed and highlighted, as an advancing EXO biofunction toolkit. The promising results, integrating the biopolymers area to the EXO-based bio-nanofabrication and bio-nanotechnology field, lay the foundation for further investigation and offer a new perspective in drug delivery and personalized medicine progress.

scholarly journals cROStalk for Life: Uncovering ROS Signaling in Plants and Animal Systems, from Gametogenesis to Early Embryonic Development

Genes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 525
Author(s):  
Valentina Lodde ◽  
Piero Morandini ◽  
Alex Costa ◽  
Irene Murgia ◽  
Ignacio Ezquer
Keyword(s):  
Signal Transduction ◽  
Signaling Pathways ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Antioxidant Systems ◽  
Developmental Studies ◽  
Science Field ◽  
Ros Signaling ◽  
Reproductive Processes

This review explores the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS)/Ca2+ in communication within reproductive structures in plants and animals. Many concepts have been described during the last years regarding how biosynthesis, generation products, antioxidant systems, and signal transduction involve ROS signaling, as well as its possible link with developmental processes and response to biotic and abiotic stresses. In this review, we first addressed classic key concepts in ROS and Ca2+ signaling in plants, both at the subcellular, cellular, and organ level. In the plant science field, during the last decades, new techniques have facilitated the in vivo monitoring of ROS signaling cascades. We will describe these powerful techniques in plants and compare them to those existing in animals. Development of new analytical techniques will facilitate the understanding of ROS signaling and their signal transduction pathways in plants and mammals. Many among those signaling pathways already have been studied in animals; therefore, a specific effort should be made to integrate this knowledge into plant biology. We here discuss examples of how changes in the ROS and Ca2+ signaling pathways can affect differentiation processes in plants, focusing specifically on reproductive processes where the ROS and Ca2+ signaling pathways influence the gametophyte functioning, sexual reproduction, and embryo formation in plants and animals. The study field regarding the role of ROS and Ca2+ in signal transduction is evolving continuously, which is why we reviewed the recent literature and propose here the potential targets affecting ROS in reproductive processes. We discuss the opportunities to integrate comparative developmental studies and experimental approaches into studies on the role of ROS/ Ca2+ in both plant and animal developmental biology studies, to further elucidate these crucial signaling pathways.

scholarly journals Critical role of the membrane-proximal, proline-rich motif of the interleukin-2 receptor γc chain in the Jak3-independent signal transduction

1999 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
pp. 363-373 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shiho Tsujino ◽  
Tadaaki Miyazaki ◽  
Atsuo Kawahara ◽  
Michiyuki Maeda ◽  
Tadatsugu Taniguchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Signal Transduction ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Interleukin 2 ◽  
Interleukin 2 Receptor

scholarly journals The Role of 5-Lipoxygenase and Leukotrienes in Shock and Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury

2007 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 56-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonietta Rossi ◽  
Carlo Pergola ◽  
Salvatore Cuzzocrea ◽  
Lidia Sautebin
Keyword(s):  
Reperfusion Injury ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion Injury ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion ◽  
Targeted Disruption ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
Metabolic Products ◽  
Important Regulator ◽  
Multicellular Organisms

The leukotrienes (LTs) are metabolic products of arachidonic acid via the 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO) pathway. The biological activities of LTs suggest that they are mediators of acute inflammatory and immediate hypersensitivity responses. In particular, the 5-LO activation has been proposed to be an important regulator for pathogenesis in multicellular organisms. The role of LTs in tissue damage, associated with septic and nonseptic shock and ischemia-reperfusion, has been extensively studied by the use of 5-LO inhibitors, receptor antagonists, and mice with a targeted disruption of the 5-LO gene (5-LOKO). In particular, several data indicate that LTs regulate neutrophil trafficking in damaged tissue in shock and ischemia-reperfusion, mainly through the modulation of adhesion molecule expression. This concept may provide new insights into the interpretation of the protective effect of 5-LO inhibition, which may be useful in the therapy of pathological conditions associated with septic and nonseptic shock and ischemia-reperfusion injury.

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