VALIDATION OF AN IN VIVO AEROSOL PROBE TECHNIQUE BY MEASUREMENTS OF DEPOSITION AND MORPHOMETRY IN EXCISED HUMAN LUNGS

1988 ◽  
pp. 33-39
Author(s):  
A.I. NIKIFOROV ◽  
M. LIPPMANN ◽  
E.D. Palmes
Keyword(s):  
Probe Technique ◽  
Human Lungs

A Probe Technique for Determining the Thermal Conductivity of Tissue

1972 ◽  
Vol 94 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. E. Cooper ◽  
G. J. Trezek
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Water Mixture ◽  
Conductivity Data ◽  
Probe Technique ◽  
Brain White Matter ◽  
Tissue System ◽  
Small Needle

A small needle-like probe has been developed for the determination of the thermal conductivity of either in-vitro or in-vivo tissue. This probe consists of a copper cylinder having a diameter of 1.5 mm and a length of 22.5 mm. Constantan and copper leads are attached to the center and top of the cylinder, respectively, and as a consequence the probe acts as a thermocouple. The distinguishing characteristic of this probe is that when it is suddenly embedded into a medium at a different temperature, the duration of its temperature–time response is such that it can be related to the thermal properties of the medium. This is accomplished by a match with an analytically determined response curve which accounts for metabolic heat generation, blood flow, and conductive effects. By nondimensionalizing the governing equations for the probe–tissue system, three nondimensional groups for time, temperature, and blood flow emerge. The results of a parametric study of these effects are presented in tabular form. Initially, the probe technique was used to determine the thermal conductivity of a 1 percent agar–water mixture and the results were within 5 percent of water. Subsequently, experimental thermal-conductivity data were obtained on the following in-vitro human organs: liver, kidney, heart, spleen, whole brain, brain gray matter, and brain white matter. In addition, density, specific-heat, and water-content measurements were also obtained on these organs. In-vivo conductivity data have recently been obtained for canine liver with and without blood flow. These data indicate that the in-vivo value without blood flow is approximately the same as the in-vitro value after the organ had been removed and refrigerated for 24 hr. Blood flow, if not considered, resulted in apparent conductivities which were 15 to 25 percent higher than that of the tissue.

A new method of analysing pulmonary quasi-static pressure-volume curves in normal subjects and in patients with chronic airflow obstruction

1990 ◽  
Vol 78 (4) ◽  
pp. 365-369 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Gugger ◽  
P. K. Wraith ◽  
M. F. Sudlow
Keyword(s):  
Inflection Point ◽  
Static Pressure ◽  
Airflow Obstruction ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Human Lungs ◽  
Volume Limit ◽  
Pressure Volume Relationship ◽  
Cubic Function

1. Exponential analysis of lung pressure-volume curves is used to deal with the non-linearity of the pressure-volume relationship. A major problem of this procedure is to define the lower volume limit for exponential curve fitting. 2. In 12 healthy subjects and 24 patients with chronic airflow obstruction, a cubic function was fitted to the quasi-static pressure-volume curves to define an inflection point. 3. The exponential function of Colebatch et al. (Colebatch, H.J.H., Ng, C.K.Y. & Nikov, N. J. Applied Physiol. 1979; 46, 387–93) was then fitted to the data for volumes above the inflection point. 4. Exponential analysis with a cubic determination of an inflection point provides an objective way to describe the elastic properties of the human lungs in vivo.

scholarly journals Laser Capture Microdissection-Assisted Protein Biomarker Discovery from Coccidioides-Infected Lung Tissue

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 365
Author(s):  
Natalie M. Mitchell ◽  
Surendra Dasari ◽  
Thomas E. Grys ◽  
Douglas F. Lake
Keyword(s):  
Laser Capture Microdissection ◽  
Biomarker Discovery ◽  
Pathogenic Fungus ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Label Free ◽  
Human Lungs ◽  
Human Proteins ◽  
Laser Capture

Laser capture microdissection (LCM) coupled to label-free quantitative mass spectrometry is a viable strategy to identify biomarkers from infected tissues. In this study, LCM was employed to take a “snapshot” of proteins produced in vivo during Coccidiodies spp. infection in human lungs. Proteomic analysis of LCM lung sections revealed hundreds of hosts and Coccidioidal proteins. Twenty-seven highly abundant Coccidioides spp. proteins were identified which do not share significant sequence orthology with human proteins. Three of the 27 Coccidioidal proteins are also potential Coccidoides-specific biomarkers, as they also do not share sequence homology to any other pathogenic fungus or microbe. Gene ontology analysis of the 27 biomarker candidate proteins revealed enriched hydrolase activity and increased purine and carbohydrate metabolism functions. Finally, we provide proteomic evidence that all 27 biomarker candidates are produced by the fungus when grown in vitro in a media- and growth-phase dependent manner.

Single-breath nitrogen test in excised human lungs

1981 ◽  
Vol 51 (6) ◽  
pp. 1568-1573 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Berend ◽  
C. Skoog ◽  
W. M. Thurlbeck
Keyword(s):  
Transpulmonary Pressure ◽  
Phase Iii ◽  
Peripheral Airways ◽  
Single Breath ◽  
Human Lungs ◽  
Peripheral Airway ◽  
Normal Lungs ◽  
Airway Dimensions ◽  
Phase Iv

Pressure-volume curves and simulated single-breath nitrogen tests were performed on 32 excised left human lungs and the slope of phase III, and phase IV plus minimal volume, expressed as percent of the lung volume at a transpulmonary pressure of 30 cmH2O (closing capacity), was calculated. The lungs were graded as to the degree of emphysema and degree of peripheral airways disease. Peripheral airway dimensions were also measured. The closing capacity expressed as percent predicted in vivo was significantly correlated with the total pathological scores (P less than 0.01) and inflammation scores (P less than 0.01) as well as the transpulmonary pressures at the onset of phase IV (P less than 0.01). Correlations with the emphysema grade were not significant. The slopes of phase III were highly variable even among normal lungs and could not be shown to correlate with airways disease or emphysema.

Pressure-volume characteristics of excised human lungs: effects of sex, age, and emphysema

1980 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 558-565 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Berend ◽  
C. Skoog ◽  
W. M. Thurlbeck
Keyword(s):  
Body Length ◽  
Total Lung Capacity ◽  
Transpulmonary Pressure ◽  
Lung Volumes ◽  
Lung Capacity ◽  
Human Lungs ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Volume Characteristics

Static deflationary pressure-volume curves were obtained in 28 emphysema-free (18 male and 10 female) and 39 emphysematous excised human lungs inflated to a maximum transpulmonary pressure (Pl) of 30 cmH2O. In emphysema-free lungs, the lung volumes at Pl 30 cmH2O (V30) were significantly related to body length in males and were significantly larger than predicated total lung capacity in vivo. However, corrected for stature (V30/body length), there was no significant age correlation. In both males and females, highly significant correlations between the PL at 50--90% V30 and age were obtained. There were no significant differences in these regressions between males and females. The emphysematous lungs were divided into three groups with increasing emphysema grades. Progressive decreases in the PL at 50--90% V30 and increases in the V30 were seen in the groups with increasing degrees of emphysema. Significant changes occurred in these measurements even in group 2 with mild emphysema, suggesting that the lesions of emphysema are not directly responsible for these changes.

In-Vivo Counting of 241Am in Human Lungs and Tracheobronchial Lymph Nodes

1988 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allison R. Northcutt ◽  
Stephen E. Binney ◽  
H. Earl Palmer
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Human Lungs ◽  
Tracheobronchial Lymph Nodes

scholarly journals The “Polonium In Vivo” Study: Polonium-210 in Bronchial Lavages of Patients with Suspected Lung Cancer

Biomedicines ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 4
Author(s):  
Vincenzo Zagà ◽  
Maria Sofia Cattaruzza ◽  
Paola Martucci ◽  
Roberta Pacifici ◽  
Rocco Trisolini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
In Vivo Study ◽  
Breakdown Product ◽  
Lung Cancer Patients ◽  
Human Lungs ◽  
Copd Patients ◽  
Former Smokers ◽  
Never Smokers ◽  
Lead 210

Few studies have reported on polonium-210, a decay breakdown product of radon-222 and lead-210, in human lungs and there has been no study in patients with suspected lung cancer. The main aim of this “Polonium in vivo” study was to evaluate polonium-210 radioactivity in bronchopulmonary systems of smoker, ex-smoker and never smoker patients with suspected lung cancer. Alpha-spectrometric analyses were performed on bronchial lavage (BL) fluids from two Italian hospitals in 2013–2016. Socio-demographic, smoking, occupational and spirometric characteristics, lung cancer confirmation and histologic type and radon-222 concentration in patients’ homes were collected. Seventy BL samples from never (n = 13), former (n = 35) and current smokers (n = 22) were analyzed; polonium-210 was detected in all samples from current and former smokers and in 54% of samples from never smokers (p < 0.001; median values: 1.20, 1.43 and 0.40 mBq, respectively). Polonium-210 levels were significantly higher in COPD versus no COPD patients (median value: 3.60 vs. 0.97 mBq; p = 0.007); former and current smokers, without and with COPD, had significantly increased polonium-210 levels (p = 0.012); 96% of confirmed versus 69% of non-confirmed lung cancer patients recorded detectable polonium-210 levels (p = 0.018). A polonium-210 detectable activity was measured in BL samples from all current and former smokers. Polonium-210 in the lungs could be the result of lead-210 entrapment, which, with its half-life of 22 years, could provide a continuous emission of alpha radioactivity, even many years after quitting, thus proposing a possible explanation for the onset of lung cancer, particularly in former smokers.

scholarly journals Gli1+ mesenchymal stromal cells modulate epithelial metaplasia in lung fibrosis

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monica Cassandras ◽  
Chaoqun Wang ◽  
Jaymin Kathiriya ◽  
Tatsuya Tsukui ◽  
Peri Matatia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mesenchymal Stromal Cells ◽  
Stromal Cells ◽  
Hedgehog Signaling ◽  
List Type ◽  
Basal Cells ◽  
Human Lungs ◽  
Metaplastic Epithelium ◽  
Organ Fibrosis

AbstractOrgan fibrosis is often accompanied by aberrant epithelial reprogramming, culminating in a transformed barrier composed of scar and metaplastic epithelium. Understanding how the scar promotes an abnormal epithelial response could better inform strategies to reverse the fibrotic damage. Here we show that Gli1+ mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs), previously shown to contribute to myofibroblasts in the scar, promote metaplastic differentiation of airway progenitors into KRT5+ basal cells in vitro and in vivo. During fibrotic repair, Gli1+ MSCs integrate hedgehog activation to promote metaplastic KRT5 differentiation by upregulating BMP antagonism in the progenitor niche. Restoring the balance towards BMP activation attenuated metaplastic KRT5+ differentiation while promoting adaptive alveolar differentiation. Finally, fibrotic human lungs demonstrate altered BMP activation in the metaplastic epithelium. These findings show that Gli1+ MSCs integrate hedgehog signaling as a rheostat to control BMP activation in the progenitor niche to determine regenerative outcome in fibrosis.HighlightsGli1+ MSCs are required for metaplastic airway progenitor differentiation into KRT5+ basal cells.Hedgehog activation of MSCs promotes KRT5 differentiation of airway progenitors by suppressing BMP activation.Restoring BMP activation attenuates metaplastic KRT5 differentiationMetaplastic KRT5+ basal cells in human fibrotic lungs demonstrate altered BMP activation.

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