Genes and Behavior: Animal Models

2010 ◽  
pp. 576-582
Author(s):  
T.J. Gould
Keyword(s):  
Animal Models ◽  
And Behavior

Modification of Hippocampal Markers of Synaptic Plasticity by Memantine in Animal Models of Acute and Repeated Restraint Stress: Implications for Memory and Behavior

2015 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaimaa Nasr Amin ◽  
Ahmed Amro El-Aidi ◽  
Mohamed Mostafa Ali ◽  
Yasser Mahmoud Attia ◽  
Laila Ahmed Rashed
Keyword(s):  
Synaptic Plasticity ◽  
Animal Models ◽  
Restraint Stress ◽  
Repeated Restraint Stress ◽  
And Behavior

Stress and Bipolar Disorder

2020 ◽  
pp. 297-328
Author(s):  
Richard McCarty
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Animal Models ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Clock Genes ◽  
Mood State ◽  
Mouse Strains ◽  
Transporter Protein ◽  
Circadian Clock Genes ◽  
Dopamine Signaling ◽  
And Behavior

Animal models of bipolar disorder (BD) should capture the switching of mood states from mania to depression and vice versa. Dopamine signaling pathways in brain, including variations in the dopamine transporter protein, have been a focus of many animal models of BD. Another aspect of BD in humans is reflected in circadian and seasonal changes in onset of symptoms. Other animal models of BD include the Myshkin and Madison mouse strains, both of which display mania-like behavior that is reversed by treatment with lithium or valproic acid. Another experimental approach has been to manipulate circadian clock genes and examine effects on dopamine signaling and behavior. Finally, manipulations of risk genes for BD in laboratory mice have advanced our understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in extreme alterations in mood state.

scholarly journals Spatial Navigation: Implications for Animal Models, Drug Development and Human Studies

2014 ◽  
pp. S237-S249 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. STUCHLIK ◽  
S. KUBIK ◽  
K. VLCEK ◽  
K. VALES
Keyword(s):  
Animal Models ◽  
Moving Objects ◽  
Declarative Memory ◽  
Spatial Navigation ◽  
Interdisciplinary Approach ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Dynamic Nature ◽  
Natural Settings ◽  
And Behavior

Spatial navigation and memory is considered to be a part of the declarative memory system and it is widely used as an animal model of human declarative memory. However, spatial tests typically involve only static settings, despite the dynamic nature of the real world. Animals, as well as people constantly need to interact with moving objects, other subjects or even with entire moving environments (flowing water, running stairway). Therefore, we design novel spatial tests in dynamic environments to study brain mechanisms of spatial processing in more natural settings with an interdisciplinary approach including neuropharmacology. We also translate data from neuropharmacological studies and animal models into development of novel therapeutic approaches to neuropsychiatric disorders and more sensitive screening tests for impairments of memory, thought, and behavior.

Effects of Age, Gender, and Gonadectomy on Neurochemistry and Behavior in Animal Models of Parkinson's Disease

Endocrine ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 275-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Tamás ◽  
Andrea Lubics ◽  
István Lengvári ◽  
Dóra Reglodi
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Animal Models ◽  
And Behavior

scholarly journals Insight from animal models of environmentally driven epigenetic changes in the developing and adult brain

2016 ◽  
Vol 28 (4pt2) ◽  
pp. 1229-1243 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiffany S. Doherty ◽  
Tania L. Roth
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Animal Models ◽  
Behavioral Outcomes ◽  
Adult Brain ◽  
Epigenetic Changes ◽  
Behavioral Deficits ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Brain And Behavior ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
The Brain

AbstractThe efforts of many neuroscientists are directed toward understanding the appreciable plasticity of the brain and behavior. In recent years, epigenetics has become a core of this focus as a prime mechanistic candidate for behavioral modifications. Animal models have been instrumental in advancing our understanding of environmentally driven changes to the epigenome in the developing and adult brain. This review focuses mainly on such discoveries driven by adverse environments along with their associated behavioral outcomes. While much of the evidence discussed focuses on epigenetics within the central nervous system, several peripheral studies in humans who have experienced significant adversity are also highlighted. As we continue to unravel the link between epigenetics and phenotype, discerning the complexity and specificity of epigenetic changes induced by environments is an important step toward understanding optimal development and how to prevent or ameliorate behavioral deficits bred by disruptive environments.

Establishment and Imaging Studies of Human Lung Cancer-Associated Brain Metastasis Animal Models

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 1138-1141
Author(s):  
Jianbo Li ◽  
Guojian Zhang ◽  
Mingming Zhu ◽  
Xuemei Wang ◽  
Xiao-Feng Li
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Animal Models ◽  
Brain Slices ◽  
Human Lung Cancer ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Scan ◽  
Tumor Metastases ◽  
And Behavior

Background: Lung cancer is one of the malignant tumors with fast increase in morbidity and mortality, and great threat to human health and life. Methods: Animal models (n = 5) were performed by injecting 1 × 106 A549 cells in 0.1 mL phosphate buffer saline into nude mice through the left ventricle. Body weight of animals was measured every 3 days, and changes in the appearance and behavior were observed. Brain magnetic resonance imaging of 5 animals were performed using T1, T1 enhancement and T2 scan at the 4th, 6th, and 7th weeks after injected with tumor cells. Animals (n = 5) were sacrificed after the last magnetic resonance scan, and brain slices of the animals were prepared to conduct hematoxylin-eosin staining. Results: At the 4th weeks after inoculation of tumor cells, there was no obvious change in the appearance and behavior of animals and there were no obvious tumor metastases in the brains from brain magnetic resonance scan. At the 6th weeks, body weight of all animals (n = 5), one of which appeared paralysis in hind limb, decreased obviously, and results from MR scans showed there were tumor metastases in the brains of all animals. Results from brain magnetic resonance scan images of one animal at 4th, 6th, and 7th weeks showed tumor metastases appeared in the animal's brain and gradually grew bigger. Result from hematoxylin-eosin staining of brain slices showed multiple tumor metastases, consistent with the results of magnetic resonance imaging. Conclusions: Human lung cancer-associated brain metastasis animal models was successfully established, and micro-magnetic resonance imaging is a sensitive, accurate and non-invasive method for the detection of lung cancer brain metastases in mice through this study.

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