Pharmacotherapy in Persistent Diarrhea

Establishing a medical diagnosis serves two utilitarian purposes: providing information necessary to initiate treatment and communicating information regarding prognosis. A nosology or diagnostic nomenclature (i.e., a classification of diagnoses) provides further utility by establishing a foundation for clinical research. In his book, Wulff outlined four types of diagnoses: (1) symptomatic or pseudoanatomic diagnoses (e.g., chronic headache, persistent diarrhea, or irritable bowel); (2) syndromes; (3) anatomic diagnoses; and (4) causal diagnoses. By definition, syndromes have no means of being validated by measures external to the constructs themselves. Often, specific syndromes reflect diverse origins, and conversely, specific etiologies may cause multiple syndromes (e.g., syphilis, human immunodeficiency virus, and diabetes).

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SERUM MAGNESIUM LEVEL

The Professional Medical Journal ◽

10.29309/tpmj/2010.17.02.2382 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 17 (02) ◽

pp. 279-285

Author(s):

SADIA ZAFAR ◽

HINA AYESHA ◽

ASGHAR BUTT ◽

Bushra Abdul Malik

Keyword(s):

Serum Albumin Level ◽

Serum Magnesium ◽

Simple Random Sampling ◽

Albumin Level ◽

Magnesium Level ◽

Healthy Children ◽

Persistent Diarrhea ◽

Serum Magnesium Level ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Study Setting

Objectives: To evaluate serum magnesium level in children with 3rd degree malnutrition and to compare these values with healthy children. Study Design: Cross sectional comparative study. Setting and Duration: Pediatric Department of Allied Hospital Faisalabad from Oct. 2003 to Nov. 2004. Subjects: Cases: 60 children of age six month to five year having weight < 60% of that for age. Control: 60 healthy children of age six month to five year having weight > 80% of that for age. Methods: Both cases & controls were selected from indoor & outdoor through simple random sampling. Detailed history & examination was done and S/Mg level were measured by atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Data was analyzed with the help of SPSS by applying T test and was presented by frequency tables. Results: The cases showed decreased S/Mg level (1.11+/- 0.24 mg/dl) as compared to controls (2.01+/- 0.78mg/dl).S/Mg levels were also decreased in cases with height < 80 % of that for age (0.98+/-0.5mg/dl) as compared to controls having height > 90 % of that for age. S/Mg levels were markedly low in cases who had low albumin level (0.98+/- 0.05 mg/dl) and those children who presented with persistent diarrhea (0.96+/-0.12mg/dl) Conclusion: S/Mg levels were decreased in children with PEM as compared to those with age and sex matched control. This decrease in S/Mglevels was marked in those cases who had decrease serum albumin level and persistent diarrhea.

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Risk Factors and Outcomes of Hospital Acquired Pneumonia in Young Bangladeshi Children

Life ◽

10.3390/life11101030 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (10) ◽

pp. 1030

Author(s):

Abu Sadat Mohammad Sayeem Bin Shahid ◽

Tahmina Alam ◽

Lubaba Shahrin ◽

K. M. Shahunja ◽

Md. Tanveer Faruk ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Severe Acute Malnutrition ◽

Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis ◽

Acute Malnutrition ◽

Persistent Diarrhea ◽

Multivariate Logistic Regression ◽

Resource Limited ◽

Hospital Acquired Pneumonia ◽

Independent Risk Factors ◽

Hospital Acquired

Hospital acquired pneumonia (HAP) is common and often associated with high mortality in children aged five or less. We sought to evaluate the risk factors and outcome of HAP in such children. We compared demographic, clinical, and laboratory characteristics in children <5 years using a case control design during the period of August 2013 and December 2017, where children with HAP were constituted as cases (n = 281) and twice as many randomly selected children without HAP were constituted as controls (n = 562). HAP was defined as a child developing a new episode of pneumonia both clinically and radiologically after at least 48 h of hospitalization. A total of 4101 children were treated during the study period. The mortality was significantly higher among the cases than the controls (8% vs. 4%, p = 0.014). In multivariate logistic regression analysis, after adjusting for potential confounders, it was found that persistent diarrhea (95% CI = 1.32–5.79; p = 0.007), severe acute malnutrition (95% CI = 1.46–3.27; p < 0.001), bacteremia (95% CI = 1.16–3.49; p = 0.013), and prolonged hospitalization of >5 days (95% CI = 3.01–8.02; p < 0.001) were identified as independent risk factors for HAP. Early identification of these risk factors and their prompt management may help to reduce HAP-related fatal consequences, especially in resource limited settings.

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