Storm Surge Due to 2013 Typhoon Yolanda (Haiyan) in Leyte Gulf, the Philippines

2015 ◽  
pp. 133-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroshi Takagi ◽  
Mario de Leon ◽  
Miguel Esteban ◽  
Takahito Mikami ◽  
Ryota Nakamura
Keyword(s):  
Storm Surge ◽  
The Philippines

Storm Surge Awareness in the Philippines Prior to Typhoon Haiyan: A Comparative Analysis with Tsunami Awareness in Recent Times

2016 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 1640009-1-1640009-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miguel Esteban ◽  
Ven Paolo Valenzuela ◽  
Ryo Matsumaru ◽  
Takahito Mikami ◽  
Tomoya Shibayama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Storm Surge ◽  
The Philippines

scholarly journals Topographical Analysis of the 2013 Typhoon Haiyan Storm Surge Flooding by Combining the JMA Storm Surge Model and the FLO-2D Flood Inundation Model

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lea Dasallas ◽  
Seungsoo Lee
Keyword(s):  
Storm Surge ◽  
Fluid Velocity ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Coastal Areas ◽  
Japan Meteorological Agency ◽  
Extreme Weather Events ◽  
Validation Data ◽  
Synthetic Aperture Radar Data ◽  
Topographical Analysis ◽  
Surge Flooding

The floods associated with the effects of an incoming tropical cyclone have an immense effect in the Philippines, especially with respect to agriculture, industry, livelihood, and public safety. Knowledge of how such storm surge flooding can affect the community is therefore of great importance. In this study, the mechanisms behind Typhoon Haiyan’s anomalous storm surge flooding in 2013, which resulted in more than 6300 casualties and 2.86 billion USD worth of damage in the Philippines, were investigated. The Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) storm surge model and the FLO-2D flood model were used to simulate Typhoon Haiyan’s storm surge height and the extent of inundation, respectively. The storm surge input data were obtained from JMA typhoon data, and the digital terrain models used were gathered from the airborne interferometric synthetic aperture radar data. The model’s accuracy was also validated using field validation data of the extent of the observed storm surge in affected coastal areas. Topographical analysis of the inundated regions showed the effects of coastal shape, elevation, and position relative to the typhoon’s approach angle on storm surge flow depth and velocity. Storm surge maximum velocity appears to increase as the fluid flows to an increasingly elevated area. Observing fluid velocity in a coastal area with uniform storm surge discharge from all directions also showed that flow velocity tends to increase at the center. Greater flood depths were experienced in areas with lower coastal elevation and not directly located at the coast, compared to higher elevation coastal areas. Greater extents of storm surge flooding are expected in coastal areas that have a concave shape, as fluid is more likely to be dispersed when hitting a convex coast. Extents are likewise observed to be greater in coastal regions that are located perpendicular to the direction of the typhoon. The research also validated the option of using a combination of typhoon and flood models to simulate the inundation flooding caused by extreme weather events.

scholarly journals Repeat Storm Surge Disasters of Typhoon Haiyan and Its 1897 Predecessor in the Philippines

2016 ◽  
Vol 97 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janneli Lea A. Soria ◽  
Adam D. Switzer ◽  
Cesar L. Villanoy ◽  
Hermann M. Fritz ◽  
Princess Hope T. Bilgera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Storm Surge ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Storm Surges ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Risk Awareness ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Worst Case ◽  
Video Recordings ◽  
San Pedro ◽  
San Pedro Bay

Abstract On 8 November 2013, Typhoon Haiyan impacted the Philippines with estimated winds of approximately 314 km h-1 and an associated 5–7-m-high storm surge that struck Tacloban City and the surrounding coast of the shallow, funnel-shaped San Pedro Bay. Typhoon Haiyan killed more than 6,000 people, superseding Tropical Storm Thelma of November 1991 as the deadliest typhoon in the Philippines. Globally, it was the deadliest tropical cyclone since Nargis hit Myanmar in 2008. Here, we use field measurements, eyewitness accounts, and video recordings to corroborate numerical simulations and to characterize the extremely high velocity flooding caused by the Typhoon Haiyan storm surge in both San Pedro Bay and on the more open Pacific Ocean coast. We then compare the surge heights from Typhoon Haiyan with historical records of an unnamed typhoon that took a similar path of destruction in October 1897 (Ty 1897) but which was less intense, smaller, and moved more slowly. The Haiyan surge was about twice the height of the 1897 event in San Pedro Bay, but the two storm surges had similar heights on the open Pacific coast. Until stronger prehistoric events are explored, these two storm surges serve as worst-case scenarios for this region. This study highlights that rare but disastrous events should be carefully evaluated in the context of enhancing community-based disaster risk awareness, planning, and response.

scholarly journals Developing an early warning system for storm surge inundation in the Philippines

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (10) ◽  
pp. 6241-6270
Author(s):  
J. Tablazon ◽  
C. V. Caro ◽  
A. M. F. Lagmay ◽  
J. B. L. Briones ◽  
L. Dasallas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Storm Surge ◽  
Frequency Distribution ◽  
Early Warning ◽  
Early Warning System ◽  
Warning System ◽  
Storm Surges ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Coastal Areas ◽  
Japan Meteorological Agency ◽  
Series Data

Abstract. A storm surge is the sudden rise of sea water generated by an approaching storm, over and above the astronomical tides. This event imposes a major threat in the Philippine coastal areas, as manifested by Typhoon Haiyan on 8 November 2013 where more than 6000 people lost their lives. It has become evident that the need to develop an early warning system for storm surges is of utmost importance. To provide forecasts of the possible storm surge heights of an approaching typhoon, the Nationwide Operational Assessment of Hazards under the Department of Science and Technology (DOST-Project NOAH) simulated historical tropical cyclones that entered the Philippine Area of Responsibility. Bathymetric data, storm track, central atmospheric pressure, and maximum wind speed were used as parameters for the Japan Meteorological Agency Storm Surge Model. The researchers calculated the frequency distribution of maximum storm surge heights of all typhoons under a specific Public Storm Warning Signal (PSWS) that passed through a particular coastal area. This determines the storm surge height corresponding to a given probability of occurrence. The storm surge heights from the model were added to the maximum astronomical tide data from WXTide software. The team then created maps of probable area inundation and flood levels of storm surges along coastal areas for a specific PSWS using the results of the frequency distribution. These maps were developed from the time series data of the storm tide at 10 min intervals of all observation points in the Philippines. This information will be beneficial in developing early warnings systems, static maps, disaster mitigation and preparedness plans, vulnerability assessments, risk-sensitive land use plans, shoreline defense efforts, and coastal protection measures. Moreover, these will support the local government units' mandate to raise public awareness, disseminate information about storm surge hazards, and implement appropriate counter-measures for a given PSWS.

scholarly journals Identification of storm surge vulnerable areas in the Philippines through the simulation of Typhoon Haiyan-induced storm surge levels over historical storm tracks

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 919-939 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. P. Lapidez ◽  
J. Tablazon ◽  
L. Dasallas ◽  
L. A. Gonzalo ◽  
K. M. Cabacaba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Storm Surge ◽  
Disaster Response ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Storm Surges ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Disaster Mitigation ◽  
Inundation Maps ◽  
Critical Facilities ◽  
Strong Winds ◽  
Land Use Plan

Abstract. Super Typhoon Haiyan entered the Philippine Area of Responsibility (PAR) 7 November 2013, causing tremendous damage to infrastructure and loss of lives mainly due to the storm surge and strong winds. Storm surges up to a height of 7 m were reported in the hardest hit areas. The threat imposed by this kind of natural calamity compelled researchers of the Nationwide Operational Assessment of Hazards (Project NOAH), the flagship disaster mitigation program of the Department of Science and Technology (DOST), Government of the Philippines, to undertake a study to determine the vulnerability of all Philippine coastal communities to storm surges of the same magnitude as those generated by Haiyan. This study calculates the maximum probable storm surge height for every coastal locality by running simulations of Haiyan-type conditions but with tracks of tropical cyclones that entered PAR from 1948–2013. One product of this study is a list of the 30 most vulnerable coastal areas that can be used as basis for choosing priority sites for further studies to implement appropriate site-specific solutions for flood risk management. Another product is the storm tide inundation maps that the local government units can use to develop a risk-sensitive land use plan for identifying appropriate areas to build residential buildings, evacuation sites, and other critical facilities and lifelines. The maps can also be used to develop a disaster response plan and evacuation scheme.

scholarly journals Statistical Analysis of Building Damage from the 2013 Super Typhoon Haiyan and its Storm Surge in the Philippines

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (7) ◽  
pp. 822-832
Author(s):  
Tanaporn Chaivutitorn ◽  
Thawalrat Tanasakcharoen ◽  
Natt Leelawat ◽  
Jing Tang ◽  
Carl Vincent C. Caro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Storm Surge ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Building Damage ◽  
Japan Meteorological Agency ◽  
Super Typhoon ◽  
Inundation Depth ◽  
Typhoon Track ◽  
Inundation Map ◽  
Collapsed Buildings

In November 2013, Super Typhoon Haiyan (Yolanda) hit the Philippines. It caused heavy loss of lives and extensive damages to buildings and infrastructure. When collapsed buildings are focused on, it is interesting to find that these buildings did not collapse for the same reasons after the landfall of the typhoon and storm surge. The objective of this study is to develop a statistical model for building damage due to Super Typhoon Haiyan and its storm surge. The data were collected in collaboration with Tanauan Municipality, the Philippines. The data for the inundation map were obtained by field surveys conducted on-site to determine the cause of the damages inferred from satellite data. The maximum wind speed was derived from the Holland parametric hurricane model based on the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) typhoon track data and the inundation depth of storm surge was calculated using the MIKE model. Multinomial logistic regression was used to develop a model to identify the significant factors influencing the damage to buildings. The result of this work is expected to be used to prepare urban plans for preventing damage from future storms.

scholarly journals Spatial Variation of Damage due to Storm Surge and Waves during Typhoon Haiyan in the Philippines

2014 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. I_231-I_235 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeremy D. BRICKER ◽  
Hiroshi TAKAGI ◽  
Erick MAS ◽  
Shuichi KURE ◽  
Bruno ADRIANO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Variation ◽  
Storm Surge ◽  
The Philippines

scholarly journals VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT TO CLIMATE-INDUCED HAZARDS OF THE MUNICIPALITY OF MASINLOC, ZAMBALES, PHILIPPINES

2019 ◽  
Vol XLII-4/W19 ◽  
pp. 327-329
Author(s):  
A. M. Paz-Alberto ◽  
E. E. Camaso ◽  
G. P. L. Abella ◽  
C. H. E. A. De Guzman ◽  
C. R. Genaro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adaptive Capacity ◽  
Storm Surge ◽  
Vulnerability Assessment ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Coastal Development ◽  
Agricultural Lands ◽  
Vulnerability Maps ◽  
Low Exposure ◽  
Coastal Municipality ◽  
Very High

Abstract. The Philippines is surrounded by hundreds of kilometers of shorelines wherein communities are increasing and coastal development is emerging fast. Masinloc, Zambales is a coastal municipality wherein 11 out of 13 barangays are situated near the coast which are always affected by climate-induced hazards. The objectives of this study were to assess and validate the climate-induced hazards occurring in Masinloc and assessed the vulnerability of the coastal municipality to these various hazards. Detailed profiling was done to identify hazards of the study area. Vulnerability maps were generated and results revealed that flooding, storm surge and landslide were the most prominent hazards in the area. Results of the vulnerability assessment revealed that Masinloc was moderately vulnerable to storm surge and flooding due to low exposure and sensitivity to flooding and storm surge while its adaptive capacity was very high. Majority of settlements, agricultural lands and population are affected by these hazards. Priority programs to reduce the sensitivity and exposure to storm surge and flooding should be carried out.

scholarly journals ANALYSIS OF A SCHOOL BUILDING AGAINST TYPHOON HAIYAN STORM SURGE FORCES

2020 ◽  
pp. 12
Author(s):  
Justin Joseph Valdez ◽  
Tomoya Shibayama
Keyword(s):  
Storm Surge ◽  
Wrf Model ◽  
Storm Surges ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Ocean Model ◽  
School Buildings ◽  
School Building ◽  
Building Model ◽  
Strong Winds ◽  
Storm Surge Event

In 2013 Typhoon Haiyan dealt strong winds and storm surges to Tacloban City, Philippines. After that, the standard public school buildings were designed using the load provisions of the updated 2015 National Structural Code of the Philippines. However, it is important to analyze if the school buildings can resist failure against another Haiyan storm surge event. Haiyan was simulated using the the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model, and the storm surge was simulated using the Finite Volume Community Ocean Model (FVCOM). The wind and flood loads were then calculated and applied on a two-story school building model in STAAD.Pro, and the maximum shear forces and bending moments in the 300 beams and columns were compared to its capacity.Recorded Presentation from the vICCE (YouTube Link): https://youtu.be/P3E1_aizbnE

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