scholarly journals Identification of storm surge vulnerable areas in the Philippines through the simulation of Typhoon Haiyan-induced storm surge levels over historical storm tracks

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 919-939 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. P. Lapidez ◽  
J. Tablazon ◽  
L. Dasallas ◽  
L. A. Gonzalo ◽  
K. M. Cabacaba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Storm Surge ◽  
Disaster Response ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Storm Surges ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Disaster Mitigation ◽  
Inundation Maps ◽  
Critical Facilities ◽  
Strong Winds ◽  
Land Use Plan

Abstract. Super Typhoon Haiyan entered the Philippine Area of Responsibility (PAR) 7 November 2013, causing tremendous damage to infrastructure and loss of lives mainly due to the storm surge and strong winds. Storm surges up to a height of 7 m were reported in the hardest hit areas. The threat imposed by this kind of natural calamity compelled researchers of the Nationwide Operational Assessment of Hazards (Project NOAH), the flagship disaster mitigation program of the Department of Science and Technology (DOST), Government of the Philippines, to undertake a study to determine the vulnerability of all Philippine coastal communities to storm surges of the same magnitude as those generated by Haiyan. This study calculates the maximum probable storm surge height for every coastal locality by running simulations of Haiyan-type conditions but with tracks of tropical cyclones that entered PAR from 1948–2013. One product of this study is a list of the 30 most vulnerable coastal areas that can be used as basis for choosing priority sites for further studies to implement appropriate site-specific solutions for flood risk management. Another product is the storm tide inundation maps that the local government units can use to develop a risk-sensitive land use plan for identifying appropriate areas to build residential buildings, evacuation sites, and other critical facilities and lifelines. The maps can also be used to develop a disaster response plan and evacuation scheme.

scholarly journals Identification of storm surge vulnerable areas in the Philippines through the simulation of Typhoon Haiyan-induced storm surge levels over historical storm tracks

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (7) ◽  
pp. 1473-1481 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. P. Lapidez ◽  
J. Tablazon ◽  
L. Dasallas ◽  
L. A. Gonzalo ◽  
K. M. Cabacaba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Storm Surge ◽  
Disaster Response ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Storm Surges ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Disaster Mitigation ◽  
Critical Facilities ◽  
Strong Winds ◽  
Land Use Plan ◽  
Philippine Government

Abstract. Super Typhoon Haiyan entered the Philippine Area of Responsibility (PAR) on 7 November 2013, causing tremendous damage to infrastructure and loss of lives mainly due to the storm surge and strong winds. Storm surges up to a height of 7 m were reported in the hardest hit areas. The threat imposed by this kind of natural calamity compelled researchers of the Nationwide Operational Assessment of Hazards (Project NOAH) which is the flagship disaster mitigation program of the Department of Science and Technology (DOST) of the Philippine government to undertake a study to determine the vulnerability of all Philippine coastal communities to storm surges of the same magnitude as those generated by Haiyan. This study calculates the maximum probable storm surge height for every coastal locality by running simulations of Haiyan-type conditions but with tracks of tropical cyclones that entered PAR from 1948–2013. One product of this study is a list of the 30 most vulnerable coastal areas that can be used as a basis for choosing priority sites for further studies to implement appropriate site-specific solutions for flood risk management. Another product is the storm tide inundation maps that the local government units can use to develop a risk-sensitive land use plan for identifying appropriate areas to build residential buildings, evacuation sites, and other critical facilities and lifelines. The maps can also be used to develop a disaster response plan and evacuation scheme.

scholarly journals ANALYSIS OF A SCHOOL BUILDING AGAINST TYPHOON HAIYAN STORM SURGE FORCES

2020 ◽  
pp. 12
Author(s):  
Justin Joseph Valdez ◽  
Tomoya Shibayama
Keyword(s):  
Storm Surge ◽  
Wrf Model ◽  
Storm Surges ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Ocean Model ◽  
School Buildings ◽  
School Building ◽  
Building Model ◽  
Strong Winds ◽  
Storm Surge Event

In 2013 Typhoon Haiyan dealt strong winds and storm surges to Tacloban City, Philippines. After that, the standard public school buildings were designed using the load provisions of the updated 2015 National Structural Code of the Philippines. However, it is important to analyze if the school buildings can resist failure against another Haiyan storm surge event. Haiyan was simulated using the the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model, and the storm surge was simulated using the Finite Volume Community Ocean Model (FVCOM). The wind and flood loads were then calculated and applied on a two-story school building model in STAAD.Pro, and the maximum shear forces and bending moments in the 300 beams and columns were compared to its capacity.Recorded Presentation from the vICCE (YouTube Link): https://youtu.be/P3E1_aizbnE

scholarly journals Repeat Storm Surge Disasters of Typhoon Haiyan and Its 1897 Predecessor in the Philippines

2016 ◽  
Vol 97 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janneli Lea A. Soria ◽  
Adam D. Switzer ◽  
Cesar L. Villanoy ◽  
Hermann M. Fritz ◽  
Princess Hope T. Bilgera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Storm Surge ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Storm Surges ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Risk Awareness ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Worst Case ◽  
Video Recordings ◽  
San Pedro ◽  
San Pedro Bay

Abstract On 8 November 2013, Typhoon Haiyan impacted the Philippines with estimated winds of approximately 314 km h-1 and an associated 5–7-m-high storm surge that struck Tacloban City and the surrounding coast of the shallow, funnel-shaped San Pedro Bay. Typhoon Haiyan killed more than 6,000 people, superseding Tropical Storm Thelma of November 1991 as the deadliest typhoon in the Philippines. Globally, it was the deadliest tropical cyclone since Nargis hit Myanmar in 2008. Here, we use field measurements, eyewitness accounts, and video recordings to corroborate numerical simulations and to characterize the extremely high velocity flooding caused by the Typhoon Haiyan storm surge in both San Pedro Bay and on the more open Pacific Ocean coast. We then compare the surge heights from Typhoon Haiyan with historical records of an unnamed typhoon that took a similar path of destruction in October 1897 (Ty 1897) but which was less intense, smaller, and moved more slowly. The Haiyan surge was about twice the height of the 1897 event in San Pedro Bay, but the two storm surges had similar heights on the open Pacific coast. Until stronger prehistoric events are explored, these two storm surges serve as worst-case scenarios for this region. This study highlights that rare but disastrous events should be carefully evaluated in the context of enhancing community-based disaster risk awareness, planning, and response.

scholarly journals Developing an early warning system for storm surge inundation in the Philippines

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (10) ◽  
pp. 6241-6270
Author(s):  
J. Tablazon ◽  
C. V. Caro ◽  
A. M. F. Lagmay ◽  
J. B. L. Briones ◽  
L. Dasallas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Storm Surge ◽  
Frequency Distribution ◽  
Early Warning ◽  
Early Warning System ◽  
Warning System ◽  
Storm Surges ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Coastal Areas ◽  
Japan Meteorological Agency ◽  
Series Data

Abstract. A storm surge is the sudden rise of sea water generated by an approaching storm, over and above the astronomical tides. This event imposes a major threat in the Philippine coastal areas, as manifested by Typhoon Haiyan on 8 November 2013 where more than 6000 people lost their lives. It has become evident that the need to develop an early warning system for storm surges is of utmost importance. To provide forecasts of the possible storm surge heights of an approaching typhoon, the Nationwide Operational Assessment of Hazards under the Department of Science and Technology (DOST-Project NOAH) simulated historical tropical cyclones that entered the Philippine Area of Responsibility. Bathymetric data, storm track, central atmospheric pressure, and maximum wind speed were used as parameters for the Japan Meteorological Agency Storm Surge Model. The researchers calculated the frequency distribution of maximum storm surge heights of all typhoons under a specific Public Storm Warning Signal (PSWS) that passed through a particular coastal area. This determines the storm surge height corresponding to a given probability of occurrence. The storm surge heights from the model were added to the maximum astronomical tide data from WXTide software. The team then created maps of probable area inundation and flood levels of storm surges along coastal areas for a specific PSWS using the results of the frequency distribution. These maps were developed from the time series data of the storm tide at 10 min intervals of all observation points in the Philippines. This information will be beneficial in developing early warnings systems, static maps, disaster mitigation and preparedness plans, vulnerability assessments, risk-sensitive land use plans, shoreline defense efforts, and coastal protection measures. Moreover, these will support the local government units' mandate to raise public awareness, disseminate information about storm surge hazards, and implement appropriate counter-measures for a given PSWS.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Badai Tropis Cempaka Terhadap Kejadian Tanah Longsor di Kabupaten Bantul Yogyakarta

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sri Aminatun ◽  
Dinia Anggraheni
Keyword(s):  
Tropical Cyclone ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Storm Surges ◽  
Heavy Rain ◽  
Disaster Mitigation ◽  
Huge Impact ◽  
Landslide Mitigation ◽  
Strong Winds ◽  
Landslide Disaster ◽  
Research Show

Siklon tropis Cempaka yang terjadi pada 28 dan 29 November 2017 menyebabkan bencana di semua kabupaten dan kota di Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta. Kabupaten Bantul adalah kabupaten yang paling selatan dan berdekatan dengan Samudra Indonesia ini menjadi daerah yang paling banyak terkena dampak bencana ini. Siklon tropis tersebut menimbulkan dampak yang sangat besar pada daerah-daerah yang dilaluinya, seperti angin kencang, hujan lebat, tanah longsor, banjir, gelombang tinggi, dan gelombang badai. Kejadian tanah longsor sebagian besar disebabkan oleh curah hujan yang meninggi ditambah dengan stabilitas tanah yang rendah. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh curah hujan selama terjadi siklon Cempaka terhadap kejadian bencana tanah longsor di Kabupaten Bantul agar dapat dipergunakan untuk melakukan mitigasi bencana badai sklon tropis apabila terjadi lagi di waktu yang akan datang. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode deskriptif dengan pendekatan kualitatif yang digunakan untuk memberikan gambaran jelas tentang pengaruh curah hujan selama terjadi Siklon Tropis Cempaka terhadap kejadian tanah longsor. Sumber data yang digunakan adalah sumber data primer dan sekunder melalui wawancara dan dokumentasi. Hasil dari penelitian menunjukkan bahwa jumlah kejadian bencana tanah longsor selama Siklon Tropis Cempaka mengalami peningkatan. Selain itu, penelitian ini menghasilkan basis data yang akan dipergunakan untuk melakukan rencana mitigasi bencana.Kata kunci: siklon tropis, curah hujan, tanah longsor, mitigasi Tropical Cempaka syclones that occurred on 28 and 29 November 2017 caused disasters in all districts and cities in the Special Region of Yogyakarta. The district of Bantul is the southernmost district and adjacent to Indonesia's oceans is the area most affected by this disaster. The tropical cyclon has a huge impact on the areas they go through, such as strong winds, heavy rain, landslides, floods, high waves, and storm surges. The occurrence of landslides is mostly caused by increased rainfall and also low soil stability. The purpose of this research is to know the effect of rainfall during Cempaka cyclone to the occurrence of landslide disaster in Bantul district so that it can be used to mitigate the disaster of tropical storm when it happens again in the future. The method used in this research is descriptive method with qualitative approach used to give a clear data about the influence of rainfall during Cempaka Tropical Cyclone to the occurrence of landslide. Sources of data used are primary and secondary data sources through interviews and documentation. The results of the research show that the number of occurrences of landslide disaster during Cempaka Tropical Cyclone has increased. In addition, this research produces a database that will be used to conduct disaster mitigation plans.Keywords: tropical cyclone, rainfall, landslide, mitigation 

A National View of Storm Surge Risk and Inundation

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian C. Zachry ◽  
William J. Booth ◽  
Jamie R. Rhome ◽  
Tarah M. Sharon
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Storm Surge ◽  
Storm Surges ◽  
Federal State ◽  
Inundation Maps ◽  
Planning Processes ◽  
State And Local ◽  
Evacuation Routes ◽  
National Perspective ◽  
The U.S

Abstract The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), specifically the National Weather Service’s (NWS) National Hurricane Center (NHC), utilizes the hydrodynamic Sea, Lake, and Overland Surges from Hurricanes (SLOSH) model to simulate storm surge in 27 basins along the U.S East and Gulf Coasts. This information is provided to federal, state, and local partners to assist in a range of planning processes, risk assessment studies, and decision making. Based on climatology, tens of thousands of hypothetical hurricanes are simulated in each basin, and the potential storm surges are calculated. Storm surge composites—maximum envelopes of water (MEOWs) and maximum of maximums (MOMs)—are created to assess and visualize storm surge risk under varying conditions. While MEOWs and MOMs provide a local assessment of storm surge risk, they do not provide a national perspective owing to the 27 discrete grids. National assessments must therefore merge the grids together, which is a laborious task requiring considerable SLOSH and hydrodynamic modeling expertise. This paper describes the technique used to create national inundation maps for category 1–5 hurricanes using the SLOSH MOM product, and it provides a simple quantitative assessment of the potential societal impacts. Approximately 22 million people along the U.S East and Gulf Coasts are vulnerable to storm surge. For all hurricane categories, a substantial portion of the coastal population and housing units are at risk, and many evacuation routes become inundated. Florida is the most vulnerable state with 40% of its population at risk. These maps and analyses provide a new way to view, analyze, and communicate national storm surge risk and inundation.

scholarly journals The influence of sea surface temperature on the intensity and associated storm surge of tropical cyclone Yasi: a sensitivity study

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 795-805 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sally L. Lavender ◽  
Ron K. Hoeke ◽  
Deborah J. Abbs
Keyword(s):  
Storm Surge ◽  
Storm Surges ◽  
Sensitivity Study ◽  
La Niña ◽  
La Nina ◽  
Coral Sea ◽  
Sst Anomaly ◽  
Strong Winds ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Surge Height

Abstract. Tropical cyclones (TCs) result in widespread damage associated with strong winds, heavy rainfall and storm surge. TC Yasi was one of the most powerful TCs to impact the Queensland coast since records began. Prior to Yasi, the SSTs in the Coral Sea were higher than average by 1–2 ∘C, primarily due to the 2010/2011 La Niña event. In this study, a conceptually simple idealised sensitivity analysis is performed using a high-resolution regional model to gain insight into the influence of SST on the track, size, intensity and associated rainfall of TC Yasi. A set of nine simulations with uniform SST anomalies of between −4 and 4 ∘C applied to the observed SSTs are analysed. The resulting surface winds and pressure are used to force a barotropic storm surge model to examine the influence of SST on the associated storm surge of TC Yasi. An increase in SST results in an increase in intensity, precipitation and integrated kinetic energy of the storm; however, there is little influence on track prior to landfall. In addition to an increase in precipitation, there is a change in the spatial distribution of precipitation as the SST increases. Decreases in SSTs result in an increase in the radius of maximum winds due to an increase in the asymmetry of the storm, although the radius of gale-force winds decreases. These changes in the TC characteristics also lead to changes in the associated storm surge. Generally, cooler (warmer) SSTs lead to reduced (enhanced) maximum storm surges. However, the increase in surge reaches a maximum with an increase in SST of 2 ∘C. Any further increase in SST does not affect the maximum surge but the total area and duration of the simulated surge increases with increasing upper ocean temperatures. A large decrease in maximum storm surge height occurs when a negative SST anomaly is applied, suggesting if TC Yasi had occurred during non-La Niña conditions the associated storm surge may have been greatly diminished, with a decrease in storm surge height of over 3 m when the SST is reduced by 2 ∘C. In summary, increases in SST lead to an increase in the potential destructiveness of TCs with regard to intensity, precipitation and storm surge, although this relationship is not linear.

A Study of Storm Surge Risk Index System

2014 ◽  
Vol 580-583 ◽  
pp. 2622-2627
Author(s):  
Qiang Liu ◽  
Zhen Zhen Yuan
Keyword(s):  
Natural Disasters ◽  
Storm Surge ◽  
Index System ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Risk Index ◽  
Storm Surges ◽  
Disaster Mitigation ◽  
Risk Indicator ◽  
Vulnerability Indicator ◽  
Set Up

Natural disasters refer to casualties, property damage and social instability. Coastal urban areas with a high population density coupled with the construction of man-made structures are particularly subjected to storm surge hazards, which have become an increasingly urgent problem. In this paper, we try to set up a risk index system, including risk indicator, vulnerability indicator and prevention and mitigation capability index. Each of the risk components has large number of variables and quantities. Through displaying losses and characteristics of the four natural disasters, we put forward suggestions for better disaster mitigation. So that a better understanding of storm surges risk profile and early disaster warning measurement could be achieved.

Risk and culture: the case of typhoon Haiyan in the Philippines

2016 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 701-714 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soledad Natalia Dalisay ◽  
Mylene T. De Guzman
Keyword(s):  
San Francisco ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
Storm Surges ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Disaster Mitigation ◽  
Community Members ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Cultural Contexts ◽  
Engineering And Technology ◽  
Cast Doubt

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to look into the socio-cultural contexts that shaped people’s evacuation decisions during typhoon Haiyan in three affected areas in the Philippines. Design/methodology/approach This is a multi-sited ethnography that utilized interviews, focus group discussion and participatory risk mapping among selected women and men in areas affected by typhoon Haiyan in the Philippines. Findings Coastal communities encounter threats from storm surges as brought about by typhoons. During such periods, disaster evacuation programs are implemented. In some instances, evacuation programs are met with resistance from community members. Such resistance has been attributed to the people’s hard headedness and ignorance of the potential impacts of living in hazard prone areas. This paper argues that it is not solely for these reasons that people refused to evacuate. Results showed that hesitance may also be due to other considerations and priorities vital to people. It is also because people had faith in the knowledge and strategies that they were able to develop by engaging with hazards through time. Furthermore, previous experiences with disaster evacuation programs cast doubt on their value in saving their lives. Life in the evacuation areas can be as dangerous if not more compared with living in their coastal homes. Some of the informants believed that they were being moved from hazard zones to death zones. This paper ends with recommendations for the development of evacuation programs that build people’s resilience while taking into consideration the local moral world in identified hazard zones in the Philippines. Research limitations/implications The study focused on three areas affected by typhoon Haiyan in the Philippines, namely, Tacloban City, Guiuan, Eastern Samar, and San Francisco, Cebu. Originality/value Most research on disaster mitigation looked into the engineering and technology aspects. This paper looks into the socio-cultural contexts of disaster evacuation.

scholarly journals Maximum wind radius estimated by the 50 kt radius: improvement of storm surge forecasting over the western North Pacific

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 705-717 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroshi Takagi ◽  
Wenjie Wu
Keyword(s):  
Storm Surge ◽  
North Pacific ◽  
Western North Pacific ◽  
Estimation Method ◽  
Storm Surges ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Estimation Methods ◽  
Central Pressure ◽  
Estimation Errors ◽  
Maximum Wind

Abstract. Even though the maximum wind radius (Rmax) is an important parameter in determining the intensity and size of tropical cyclones, it has been overlooked in previous storm surge studies. This study reviews the existing estimation methods for Rmax based on central pressure or maximum wind speed. These over- or underestimate Rmax because of substantial variations in the data, although an average radius can be estimated with moderate accuracy. As an alternative, we propose an Rmax estimation method based on the radius of the 50 kt wind (R50). Data obtained by a meteorological station network in the Japanese archipelago during the passage of strong typhoons, together with the JMA typhoon best track data for 1990–2013, enabled us to derive the following simple equation, Rmax  =  0.23 R50. Application to a recent strong typhoon, the 2015 Typhoon Goni, confirms that the equation provides a good estimation of Rmax, particularly when the central pressure became considerably low. Although this new method substantially improves the estimation of Rmax compared to the existing models, estimation errors are unavoidable because of fundamental uncertainties regarding the typhoon's structure or insufficient number of available typhoon data. In fact, a numerical simulation for the 2013 Typhoon Haiyan as well as 2015 Typhoon Goni demonstrates a substantial difference in the storm surge height for different Rmax. Therefore, the variability of Rmax should be taken into account in storm surge simulations (e.g., Rmax  =  0.15 R50–0.35 R50), independently of the model used, to minimize the risk of over- or underestimating storm surges. The proposed method is expected to increase the predictability of major storm surges and to contribute to disaster risk management, particularly in the western North Pacific, including countries such as Japan, China, Taiwan, the Philippines, and Vietnam.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document