Determination of Total Productivity by a Constant Wellbore Pressure Flow Test and the Crossflow Behavior in Multilayer Reservoirs

2017 ◽  
pp. 109-131
Author(s):  
Chengtai Gao ◽  
Hedong Sun
Keyword(s):  
Pressure Flow ◽  
Flow Test ◽  
Wellbore Pressure ◽  
Total Productivity

scholarly journals DETERMINATION OF THE AGR-1 CAPSULE TO FPMS SPECTROMETER TRANSPORT VOLUMES FROM LEADOUT FLOW TEST DATA

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. K. Hartwell ◽  
J. B. Walter ◽  
D. M. Scates ◽  
M. W. Drigert
Keyword(s):  
Test Data ◽  
Flow Test

Determination of the Near-Wellbore Pressure Drop for Dual Casing in Hydraulic Fracturing and Refracturing Applications

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joern Loehken ◽  
Davood Yosefnejad ◽  
Liam McNelis ◽  
Bernd Fricke
Keyword(s):  
Pressure Drop ◽  
Hydraulic Fracturing ◽  
Complex Flow ◽  
Cement Layer ◽  
Natural Rock ◽  
Wellbore Pressure ◽  
Flow Through ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Coefficient Of Discharge

Abstract Due to the increases in completion costs demand for production improvements, fracturing through double casing in upper reservoirs for mature wells and refracturing early stimulated wells to change the completion design, has become more and more popular. One of the most common technologies used to re-stimulate previously fracked wells, is to run a second, smaller casing or tubular inside of the existing and already perforated pipes of the completed well. The new inner and old outer casing are isolated from each other by a cement layer, which prevents any hydraulic communication between the pre-existing and new perforations, as well as between adjacent new perforations. For these smaller inner casing diameters, specially tailored and designed re-fracturing perforation systems are deployed, which can shoot casing entrance holes of very similar size through both casings, nearly independent of the phasing and still capable of creating tunnels reaching beyond the cement layer into the natural rock formation. Although discussing on the API RP-19B section VII test format has recently been initiated and many companies have started to test multiple casing scenarios and charge performance, not much is known about the complex flow through two radially aligned holes in dual casings. In the paper we will look in detail at the parameters which influence the flow, especially the Coefficient of Discharge of such a dual casing setup. We will evaluate how much the near wellbore pressure drop is affected by the hole's sizes in the first and second casing, respectively the difference between them and investigate how the cement layer is influenced by turbulences, which might build up in the annulus. The results will enhance the design and provide a better understanding of fracturing or refracturing through double casings for hydraulic fracturing specialists and both operation and services companies.

scholarly journals Determination of Vibrational Energy Distributions of CN (A 2Πi) and (X Σ2+) from the C+N2O Reaction by Chemiluminescence and Laser Induced Fluorescence

1983 ◽  
Vol 2 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 373-383 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Dorthe ◽  
J. Joussot–Dubien ◽  
G. Nouchi ◽  
Ph. Kottis
Keyword(s):  
Ground State ◽  
Vibrational Energy ◽  
Flow Reactor ◽  
Low Pressure ◽  
Laser Induced Fluorescence ◽  
Energy Distributions ◽  
Pressure Flow ◽  
Combustion Flame ◽  
Vibrational Distribution

The CN (A 2Πi) and (X Σ2+) vibrational distributions from the C+N2O→CN+NO reaction at 300 K were determined in a low pressure flow reactor. From the chemiluminescence A 2Πi→X Σ2+ the vibrational distribution of A 2Πi was found to peak at υ′ = 1. From the laser induced fluorescence B Σ2+→X Σ2+, the vibrational distribution of X Σ2+ was found to peak at υ″ = 4.A C2H2—N2O combustion flame, stabilized at 2.8 torr with a temperature of 2500 K, gave a CN (A 2Πi) vibrational distribution peaking at υ′ = 2 which can be attributed to the C+N2O reaction at 2500 K. However the CN ground state vibrational distribution was found to be relaxed.

Double Casing Exit for Side-Track to Commingle Two Borehole Sizes Based Sections in One Slim Shot to Well TD

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meshal Al-Khaldi ◽  
Dhari Al-Saadi ◽  
Mohammad Al-Ajmi ◽  
Abhijit Dutta ◽  
Ibrahim Elafify ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Challenging Behaviors ◽  
Single Shot ◽  
Close Monitoring ◽  
Drilling Parameters ◽  
Wellbore Pressure ◽  
Open Hole ◽  
Zonal Isolation ◽  
Side Track ◽  
First Time

Abstract This project began when a 9-5/8" in 43.5 ppf production casing became inaccessible due to the existing cemented pipe inside, preventing further reservoir section exposure and necessitating a mechanical side-track meanwhile introducing the challenge of loosing one section and imposimg slim hole challenges. The size and weight of the double-casing made for challenging drilling, as did the eight very different formations, which were drilled. The side-track was accomplished in two steps, an 8½ in hole followed by a single long 6⅛ in section, rather than the three steps (16 in, 12¼ in, 8½ in) that are typically required. The optimal kick off point carfully located across the dual casing by running electromagnetic diagnostics, the casing collar locator, and the cement bond log. The double casing mill was carefully tailored to successfully accomplish the exit in one run. Moreover, an extra 26 ft. MD rathole was drilled, which helped to eliminate the mud motor elongation run. A rotary steerable system was utilized directly in a directional BHA to drill an 8½ in open hole building section from vertical to a 30⁰ inclination. A 7.0 in liner was then set to isolate weak zones at the equivalent depth of the outer casing (13-3/8"). Subsequently, a single 6⅛ in section was drilled to the well TD through the lower eight formations. Drilling a 6⅛ in section through eight formations came with a variety of challenges. These formations have different challenging behaviors relative to the wellbore pressure that typically leads to the drilling being done in two sections. Modeling the geo-mechanical characteristics of each formation allowed the determination of a mud weight range and rheology that would stabilize the wellbore through all eight formations. The slim, 6⅛ in, hole was stabilized with higher equivalent circulating density (ECD) values than is typically used in larger boreholes. Optimizing mud weight and drilling parameters, while managing differential sticking with close monitoring of real-time ECD, helped to stabilize the high-pressurized zones to deliver the well to the desired TD with a single borehole. This project represents the first time in Kuwait that double casings in such large sizes have been cut and sidetracked. It is also the first time these eight formations have been cut across such a smaller hole size, slim hole (6⅛ in) in a single shot. Geo-mechanical modeling allowed us to stabilize the pressurized formations and to control the ECD. The well also deployed the longest production liner in the field commingling multiple reservoirs with differnt pore pressure ramps, with excellent cement quality providing optimal zonal isolation.

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