CO2 emission and air pollution (volatile organic compounds, etc.)–related problems causing climate change

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-30
Author(s):  
Ali Sadatshojaie ◽  
Mohammad Reza Rahimpour
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Volatile Organic Compounds ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Co2 Emission ◽  
Volatile Organic

scholarly journals Seasonal and Spatial Variation of Volatile Organic Compounds in Ambient Air of Almaty City, Kazakhstan

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 1592
Author(s):  
Olga P. Ibragimova ◽  
Anara Omarova ◽  
Bauyrzhan Bukenov ◽  
Aray Zhakupbekova ◽  
Nassiba Baimatova
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Volatile Organic Compounds ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Spatial Variations ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Seasonal And Spatial Variations ◽  
Before And After

Air pollution is one of the primary sources of risk to human health in the world. In this study, seasonal and spatial variations of multiple volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were measured at six sampling sites in Almaty, Kazakhstan. The seasonal and spatial variations of 19 VOCs were evaluated in 2020, including the periods before and after COVID-19 lockdown. The concentrations of 9 out of 19 VOCs had been changed significantly (p < 0.01) during 2020. The maximum concentrations of total VOCs (TVOCs) were observed on 15, 17, and 19 January and ranged from 233 to 420 µg m−3. The spatial distribution of TVOCs concentrations in the air during sampling seasons correlated with the elevation and increased from southern to northern part of Almaty, where Combined Heat and Power Plants are located. The sources of air pollution by VOCs were studied by correlations analysis and BTEX ratios. The ranges of toluene to benzene ratio and benzene, toluene, and ethylbenzene demonstrated two primary sources of BTEX in 2020: traffic emissions and biomass/biofuel/coal burning. Most of m-, p-xylenes to ethylbenzene ratios in this study were lower than 3 in all sampling periods, evidencing the presence of aged air masses at studied sampling sites from remote sources.

scholarly journals Secondary organic aerosol enhanced by increasing atmospheric oxidizing capacity in Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH), China

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (11) ◽  
pp. 7429-7443 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tian Feng ◽  
Shuyu Zhao ◽  
Naifang Bei ◽  
Jiarui Wu ◽  
Suixin Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Volatile Organic Compounds ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Secondary Organic Aerosol ◽  
Action Plan ◽  
Spatial Relationship ◽  
Pollution Prevention ◽  
Organic Aerosol ◽  
Temporal Variations ◽  
Volatile Organic

Abstract. The implementation of the Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan in China since 2013 has profoundly altered the ambient pollutants in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region. Here we show observations of substantially increased O3 concentrations (about 30 %) and a remarkable increase in the ratio of organic carbon (OC) to elemental carbon (EC) in BTH during the autumn from 2013 to 2015, revealing an enhancement in atmospheric oxidizing capacity (AOC) and secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation. To explore the impacts of increasing AOC on the SOA formation, a severe air pollution episode from 3 to 8 October 2015 with high O3 and PM2.5 concentrations is simulated using the WRF-Chem model. The model performs reasonably well in simulating the spatial distributions of PM2.5 and O3 concentrations over BTH and the temporal variations in PM2.5, O3, NO2, OC, and EC concentrations in Beijing compared to measurements. Sensitivity studies show that the change in AOC substantially influences the SOA formation in BTH. A sensitivity case characterized by a 31 % O3 decrease (or 36 % OH decrease) reduces the SOA level by about 30 % and the SOA fraction in total organic aerosol by 17 % (from 0.52 to 0.43, dimensionless). Spatially, the SOA decrease caused by reduced AOC is ubiquitous in BTH, but the spatial relationship between SOA concentrations and the AOC is dependent on the SOA precursor distribution. Studies on SOA formation pathways further show that when the AOC is reduced, the SOA from oxidation and partitioning of semivolatile primary organic aerosol (POA) and co-emitted intermediate volatile organic compounds (IVOCs) decreases remarkably, followed by those from anthropogenic and biogenic volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Meanwhile, the SOA decrease in the irreversible uptake of glyoxal and methylglyoxal on the aerosol surfaces is negligible.

Snow - a photobiochemical exchange platform for volatile and semi-volatile organic compounds with the atmosphere

2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 62 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. A. Ariya ◽  
F. Domine ◽  
G. Kos ◽  
M. Amyot ◽  
V. Côté ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Volatile Organic Compounds ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Chemical Species ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Exchange Processes ◽  
Colony Forming Units ◽  
Volatile Organic

Environmental context Recent research has been directed towards the exchange of microorganisms and chemical compounds between snow and air. We investigate how microorganisms and chemical species in snow from the Arctic and temperate regions are transferred to the atmosphere and altered by the sun's energy. Results suggest that snow photo-biochemical reactions, in addition to physical‐chemical reactions, should be considered in describing organic matter in air–snow exchanges, and in investigations of climate change. AbstractField and laboratory studies of organic compounds in snow (12 species; concentrations ≤17 µg L–1) were conducted and microorganisms in snow and aerosols at urban and Arctic sites were investigated (snow: total bacteria count ≤40000 colony forming units per millilitre (CFU mL–1), fungi ≤400 CFU mL–1; air: bacteria ≤2.2 × 107 CFU m–3, fungi ≤84 CFU m–3). Bio-organic material is transferred between snow and air and influence on snow-air exchange processes is demonstrated. Volatile organic compounds in snow are released into the air upon melting. In vitro photochemistry indicated an increase of ≤60 µg L–1 for 1,3- and 1,4-dimethylbenzenes. Bacillus cereus was identified and observed in snow and air with ice-nucleating being P. syringae absent. As a result snow photobiochemical reactions should be considered in describing organic matter air–snow exchanges, and the investigation of climate change.

scholarly journals Monitoring of volatile organic compounds in ambient air of Taldykorgan, Kazakhstan

2019 ◽  
pp. 4-12
Author(s):  
Lyazzat Serik ◽  
Olga Ibragimova ◽  
Gulim Ussenova ◽  
Nassiba Baimatova
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Volatile Organic Compounds ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Solid Phase Microextraction ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
The World ◽  
Benzene Toluene ◽  
Almost All

The pollution of ambient air is one of the main sources of risk to human health in the world. There is a direct relationship between the level of air pollution and risk of the development of cancer, cardiovascular, respiratory and other diseases. Benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and o-xylene (BTEX) are one of the most toxic volatile organic compounds. The aim of this study was to quantify BTEX in air of Taldykorgan, Kazakhstan using solid-phase microextraction followed by gas chromatography with mass-spectrometric detection. In different sampling seasons, average concentrations of four BTEX analytes varied from 7.5 to 27 µg/m3, from 15 to 250 µg/m3, from 2.4 to 12.8 µg/m3 and from 2.6 to 21 µg/m3, respectively. The highest concentrations of TEX were detected in autumn, while the highest concentrations of benzene were observed in winter. Toluene-to-benzene ratios in almost all measurements were above 1 indicating that the traffic emissions are the main source of air pollution with BTEX.

scholarly journals INVESTIGATION OF VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS (VOCS) EMISSION BEYOND THE TERRITORY OF OIL TERMINALS DURING DIFFERENT SEASONS / LAKIŲJŲ ORGANINIŲ JUNGINIŲ EMISIJOS TYRIMASUŽ NAFTOS TERMINALŲ TERITORIJOS SKIRTINGAIS SEZONAIS / ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ СЕЗОННЫХ ВЫБРОСОВЛЕГКОЛЕТУЧИХ ОРГАНИЧЕСКИХ СОЕДИНЕНИЙ ЗА ПРЕДЕЛАМИ НЕФТЕБАЗ

2011 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatjana Paulauskienė ◽  
Vytenis Zabukas ◽  
Petras Vaitiekūnas ◽  
Audronė Žukauskaitė ◽  
Valdas Kvedaras
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Volatile Organic Compounds ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Complex Analysis ◽  
Meteorological Conditions ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Chromatography Method ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Different Seasons ◽  
Vocs Emission

The present paper deals with an important environmental issue: air pollution with volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in oil terminals. In attempt to determine the dependence of VOCs concentration in the air on the wind speed and oil loading intensity analyses were carried out during shorter time intervals, when the fluctuations of ambient temperature are minimal (1−3) °C. VOCs concentrations were analysed by gas chromatography method in different chosen observation posts during different seasons. A complex analysis of experimental study and impact of meteorological conditions on the air pollution was performed taking into account the oil loading intensity in oil terminals and the types of loaded oil products. A new indicator was introduced for the analysis of the obtained results—a loading indicator that characterizes the amount and type of handled products as well as the number and type of operations carried out in the terminal. The dependence of the change of VOCs concentration on the loading indicator has been determined. Santrauka Analizuojama svarbi aplinkosauginė problema – oro tarša lakiaisiais organiniais junginiais (LOJ) naftos terminaluose. Siekiant nustatyti LOJ koncentracijos ore priklausomumą nuo vėjo greičio, aplinkos drėgmės ir atmosferos slėgio, atliktitrumpesnės trukmės tyrimai, kai aplinkos temperatūros svyravimai yra minimalūs – 13 ºC. Pasirinktuose stebėjimo postuose dujų chromatografijos būdu nustatytos LOJ koncentracijos skirtingais sezonais. Atlikta kompleksiniai eksperimentiniai tyrimai ir meteorologinių sąlygų (oro temperatūros, aplinkos drėgmės, atmosferos slėgio, vėjo greičio irkrypties) įtakos oro taršai analizė, atsižvelgiant į naftos terminalų krovos intensyvumą ir kraunamų produktų rūšis. Analizuojant gautus duomenis įvestas naujas rodiklis – krovos indikatorius, apibūdinantis kraunamų produktų kiekį, rūšį, terminale atliekamų operacijų skaičių ir pobūdį. Nustatytas LOJ koncentracijos kitimo priklausomumas nuo krovos indikatoriaus. Statistiškai apdorojus rezultatus akivaizdu, kad naftos terminaluose krovos operacijų skaičius ir pobūdis(krovos indikatorius) lemia LOJ koncentraciją pažemės atmosferos sluoksnyje. Atlikus LOJ koncentracijos tyrimo skirtingais sezonais duomenų analizę ir daugiafaktorinę dispersinę analizę, 95 % patikimumu nustatyta, kad LOJ koncentracijos kitimas pažemės atmosferos sluoksnyje priklauso nuo vėjo greičio, kai vėjo stiprumas yra didesnis nei 4 m/s (10 m aukštyje, P &lt; 0,05). Резюме Исследована проблема испарения легколетучих органических соединений (ЛОС) на нефтебазе. Для того, чтобыустановить зависимость концентрации ЛОС от скорости ветра, влажности воздуха и давления атмосферы былопроизведено исследование концентрации ЛОС в воздухе, во время которого изменение температуры непревышало 3 градусов. Методом газовой хроматографии были исследованы сезонные выбросы ЛОС в приземныеслои атмосферы. Комплексно проанализированы полученные экспериментальные данные и метеорологическиеусловия (температура и влажность воздуха, давление атмосферы, сила и направление ветра) с учетомпроизводимых операций по перегрузке нефтепродуктов и их типа. Для более точного анализа полученных данныхбыл сформулирован новый «индикатор погрузки», который характеризует количество и тип перегружаемыхнефтепродуктов, количество и тип производимых технологических операций. В связи с этим была установленазависимость концентрации ЛОС от индикатора погрузки. Статистический анализ данных показал, что количествопроизводимых технологических операций на нефтебазах, а также их тип, влияют на изменение концентрацииЛОС. Анализ исследования сезонных выбросов ЛОС и многофакторный дисперсионный анализ данных с 95%й точностью показали, что изменение концентрации ЛОС в приземных слоях атмосферы зависит от скорости ветрав том случае, если она превышает 4 м/с на высоте 10 м (P &lt; 0.05).

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