Long-term epigenetic effects of parental caregiving

2021 ◽  
pp. 105-117
Author(s):  
Eva Unternaehrer ◽  
Maria Meier ◽  
Andrée-Anne Bouvette-Turcot ◽  
Shantala A. Hari Dass
Keyword(s):  
Parental Caregiving ◽  
Epigenetic Effects

One-Carbon Metabolism: Linking Nutritional Biochemistry to Epigenetic Programming of Long-Term Development

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 263-287 ◽  
Author(s):  
Constance E. Clare ◽  
Amey H. Brassington ◽  
Wing Yee Kwong ◽  
Kevin D. Sinclair
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Methylation Of Dna ◽  
Epigenetic Effects ◽  
Epigenetic Programming ◽  
Target Dna ◽  
Ethnic Variability ◽  
Associated Proteins ◽  
Epigenetic Gene Regulation ◽  
One Carbon Metabolism

One-carbon (1C) metabolism comprises a series of interlinking metabolic pathways that include the methionine and folate cycles that are central to cellular function, providing 1C units (methyl groups) for the synthesis of DNA, polyamines, amino acids, creatine, and phospholipids. S-adenosylmethionine is a potent aminopropyl and methyl donor within these cycles and serves as the principal substrate for methylation of DNA, associated proteins, and RNA. We propose that 1C metabolism functions as a key biochemical conduit between parental environment and epigenetic regulation of early development and that interindividual and ethnic variability in epigenetic-gene regulation arises because of genetic variants within 1C genes, associated epigenetic regulators, and differentially methylated target DNA sequences. We present evidence to support these propositions, drawing upon studies undertaken in humans and animals. We conclude that future studies should assess the epigenetic effects of cumulative (multigenerational) dietary imbalances contemporaneously in both parents, as this better represents the human experience.

Epigenetic effects of child abuse and neglect propagate human cruelty

2006 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 242-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
James E. Swain
Keyword(s):  
Evolutionary Stability ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Early Environment ◽  
Molecular Programming ◽  
Response System ◽  
Epigenetic Effects ◽  
Abuse And Neglect ◽  
Stress Response System ◽  
Early Trauma

The nature of children's early environment has profound long-term consequences. We are beginning to understand the underlying molecular programming of the stress-response system, which may mediate the destructive long-term effects of cruelty to children, explain the evolutionary stability of cruelty, and provide opportunities for its reversal of early trauma.

scholarly journals Plant Volatile Organic Compounds Evolution: Transcriptional Regulation, Epigenetics and Polyploidy

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (23) ◽  
pp. 8956
Author(s):  
Jesús Picazo-Aragonés ◽  
Anass Terrab ◽  
Francisco Balao
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Organic Compounds ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Plant Evolution ◽  
Adaptive Responses ◽  
Pollinator Attraction ◽  
Plant Volatile ◽  
Epigenetic Effects ◽  
Volatile Organic

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are emitted by plants as a consequence of their interaction with biotic and abiotic factors, and have a very important role in plant evolution. Floral VOCs are often involved in defense and pollinator attraction. These interactions often change rapidly over time, so a quick response to those changes is required. Epigenetic factors, such as DNA methylation and histone modification, which regulate both genes and transcription factors, might trigger adaptive responses to these evolutionary pressures as well as regulating the rhythmic emission of VOCs through circadian clock regulation. In addition, transgenerational epigenetic effects and whole genome polyploidy could modify the generation of VOCs’ profiles of offspring, contributing to long-term evolutionary shifts. In this article, we review the available knowledge about the mechanisms that may act as epigenetic regulators of the main VOC biosynthetic pathways, and their importance in plant evolution.

Consequences of assisted reproductive technologies for offspring function in cattle

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luiz G. Siqueira ◽  
Marcos V. G. Silva ◽  
João C. Panetto ◽  
João H. Viana
Keyword(s):  
Assisted Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Neonatal Morbidity ◽  
Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Postnatal Life ◽  
Slight Reduction ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Epigenetic Effects ◽  
Postnatal Mortality

Abnormal fetuses, neonates and adult offspring derived by assisted reproductive technologies (ART) have been reported in humans, rodents and domestic animals. The use of ART has also been associated with an increased likelihood of certain adult diseases. These abnormalities may arise as a result of an excess of or missing maternally derived molecules during invitro culture, because the invitro environment is artificial and suboptimal for embryo development. Nonetheless, the success of ART in overcoming infertility or improving livestock genetics is undeniable. Limitations of invitro embryo production (IVEP) in cattle include lower rates of the establishment and maintenance of pregnancy and an increased incidence of neonatal morbidity and mortality. Moreover, recent studies demonstrated long-term effects of IVEP in cattle, including increased postnatal mortality, altered growth and a slight reduction in the performance of adult dairy cows. This review addresses the effects of an altered preimplantation environment on embryo and fetal programming and offspring development. We discuss cellular and molecular responses of the embryo to the maternal environment, how ART may disturb programming, the possible role of epigenetic effects as a mechanism for altered phenotypes and long-term effects of ART that manifest in postnatal life.

scholarly journals Long-term epigenetic effects of exposure to low doses of 56Fe in the mouse lung

2014 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 823-828 ◽  
Author(s):  
Etienne Nzabarushimana ◽  
Isabelle R. Miousse ◽  
Lijian Shao ◽  
Jianhui Chang ◽  
Antiño R. Allen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mouse Lung ◽  
Low Doses ◽  
Epigenetic Effects

scholarly journals Chronodisruption: effects on reproduction, transgenerational health of offspring and epigenome

Reproduction ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 160 (5) ◽  
pp. R79-R94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leyla Sati
Keyword(s):  
Circadian Rhythm ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Temporal Organization ◽  
Model Systems ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Reproductive Systems ◽  
Complex Biological System ◽  
Epigenetic Effects

The circadian system regulates the daily temporal organization in behavior and physiology, including neuroendocrine rhythms and reproduction. Modern life, however, increasingly impacts this complex biological system. Due to limitations of working with human subjects exposed to shift work schedules, most chronoregulation research has used rodent models. Recent publications in these model systems have emphasized the negative effects of circadian rhythm disruption on both female and male reproductive systems and fertility. Additionally, there is growing concern about the long-term effects of circadian rhythm disruptions during pregnancy on human offspring and their descendants as circadian regulation during pregnancy can also alter epigenetic programing in offspring. However, to truly know if such concerns apply to humans will require retrospective and prospective human studies. Therefore, this review will highlight the latest available evidence regarding potential effects of chronodisruption on both female and male reproductive systems. Additionally, it presents a comprehensive summary of transgenerational and epigenetic effects on adult offspring that result from maternal chronodisruption.

scholarly journals DNA Methylation Changes are Associated with the Programming of White Adipose Tissue Browning Features by Resveratrol and Nicotinamide Riboside Neonatal Supplementations in Mice

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 461
Author(s):  
Alba Serrano ◽  
Madhu Asnani-Kishnani ◽  
Charlene Couturier ◽  
Julien Astier ◽  
Andreu Palou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
White Adipose Tissue ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Brown Adipocyte ◽  
Chow Diet ◽  
Male Mice ◽  
Nicotinamide Riboside ◽  
Epigenetic Effects

Neonatal supplementation with resveratrol (RSV) or nicotinamide riboside (NR) programs in male mice brown adipocyte-like features in white adipose tissue (WAT browning) together with improved metabolism in adulthood. We tested the involvement in this programming of long-term epigenetic changes in two browning-related genes that are overexpressed in WAT of supplemented mice, Slc27a1 and Prdm16. Suckling mice received orally the vehicle, RSV or NR from postnatal days 2-to-20. After weaning (d21) onto a chow diet, male mice were habituated to a normal-fat diet (NFD) starting d75, and split on d90 into continuation on the NFD or switching to a high-fat diet (HFD) until euthanization on d164. CpG methylation by bisulfite-sequencing was analyzed on inguinal WAT. Both treatments modified methylation marks in Slc27a1 and Prdm16 and the HFD-dependent dynamics of these marks in the adult WAT, with distinct and common effects. The treatments also affected gene expression of de novo DNA methylases in WAT of young animals (euthanized at d35 in independent experiments). Studies in 3T3-L1 adipocytes indicated the direct effects of RSV and NR on the DNA methylation machinery and favoring browning features. The results support epigenetic effects being involved in WAT programming by neonatal RSV or NR supplementation in male mice.

Therapy and prevention for mental health: What if mental diseases are mostly not brain disorders?

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
John P. A. Ioannidis
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Disease ◽  
Brain Disorders ◽  
Social Stressors ◽  
Labor Education ◽  
Mental Diseases ◽  
Long Term Follow Up ◽  
Political Decisions

AbstractNeurobiology-based interventions for mental diseases and searches for useful biomarkers of treatment response have largely failed. Clinical trials should assess interventions related to environmental and social stressors, with long-term follow-up; social rather than biological endpoints; personalized outcomes; and suitable cluster, adaptive, and n-of-1 designs. Labor, education, financial, and other social/political decisions should be evaluated for their impacts on mental disease.

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