Wild Germplasm: Shaping Future Tomato Breeding

2021 ◽  
pp. 201-214
Author(s):  
Asif Saeed ◽  
Noreen Fatima
Keyword(s):  
Wild Germplasm ◽  
Tomato Breeding

Bed behavioral assessment of tomato varieties in Cote d Ivoire

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 513-522
Author(s):  
Jean-Claude N'ZI ◽  
Lassina FONDIO ◽  
Mako Francois De Paul N’GBESSO ◽  
Andé Hortense DJIDJI ◽  
Christophe KOUAME
Keyword(s):  
Behavioral Assessment ◽  
Development Stage ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Vegetative Development ◽  
Potential Yield ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Bacterial Diseases ◽  
Damage Rate ◽  
Fruit Damage ◽  
Tomato Breeding

Thirty accessions of tomato including twenty eight introduced accessions from The World Vegetable Center-AVRDC and as controls, two commercial varieties Mongal and Calinago, were assessed for agronomic performances at the Experimentation and Production Station of Angud dou of the National Agronomic Research Centre (CNRA) located in the South of Cote d Ivoire. The trial was arranged in a randomized block with three replications. The following parameters were determined at vegetative development stage: plant height at flowering stage, susceptibility of accessions to diseases, day to 50% flowering and day of first harvest, production duration, fruit length, fruit diameter, total number of fruits, number of fruits per plant, potential yield, net yield and fruit damage rate. Results showed that the commercial variety Mongal, with a potential yield of 15.9 and a net yield of 13.1 t ha-1, was the most productive. All the introduced accessions from AVRDC recorded the lowest potential yields from 2.2 to 9.7 t ha-1, and net yields from 1.7 to 8.6 t ha-1. In addition, accessions WVCT8, FMTT847 and WVCT13 were severely infested by bacterial wilt. The reduction of the net yield of tomato accessions resulted in the high fruit damage rates. For the future tomato breeding work, it would be appropriate to introduce into the trials bacterial diseases tolerant varieties. Moreover, some studies could be undertaken to determine the nature of the bacteria involved in the plant wilting and to find out the causal agent of the tomato plants burning at the fructification stage reducing the harvest duration.

Evaluation of Spring Cereal Grains and Wild Germplasm for Resistance to AG-8

Crop Science ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 701 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. D. Smith ◽  
K. K. Kidwell ◽  
M. A. Evans ◽  
R. J. Cook ◽  
R. W. Smiley
Keyword(s):  
Cereal Grains ◽  
Wild Germplasm

scholarly journals Alien introgression and morpho-agronomic characterization of diploid progenies of Solanum lycopersicoides monosomic alien addition lines (MAALs) toward pre-breeding applications in tomato (S. lycopersicum)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Puneet Kaur Mangat ◽  
Junghyun Shim ◽  
Ritchel B. Gannaban ◽  
Joshua J. Singleton ◽  
Rosalyn B. Angeles-Shim
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Complement ◽  
Introgression Lines ◽  
Addition Lines ◽  
Solanum Lycopersicoides ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Tomato Breeding ◽  
Chromosome Segments ◽  
Alien Addition Lines

Abstract Key message Alien introgressions that were captured in the genome of diploid plants segregating from progenies of monosomic alien addition lines of S. lycopersicoides confer novel phenotypes with commercial and agronomic value in tomato breeding. Abstract Solanum lycopersicoides is a wild relative of tomato with a natural adaptation to a wide array of biotic and abiotic challenges. In this study, we identified and characterized diploid plants segregating from the progenies of monosomic alien addition lines (MAALs) of S. lycopersicoides to establish their potential as donors in breeding for target trait improvement in tomato. Molecular genotyping identified 28 of 38 MAAL progenies having the complete chromosome complement of the cultivated tomato parent and limited chromosome introgressions from the wild S. lycopersicoides parent. Analysis of SSR and indel marker profiles identified 34 unique alien introgressions in the 28 MAAL-derived introgression lines (MDILs) in the genetic background of tomato. Conserved patterns of alien introgressions were detected among sibs of MDILs 2, 3, 4 and 8. Across MDILs, a degree of preferential transmission of specific chromosome segments was also observed. Morphologically, the MDILs closely resembled the cultivated tomato more than S. lycopersicoides. The appearance of novel phenotypes in the MDILs that are lacking in the cultivated parent or the source MAALs indicates the capture of novel genetic variation by the diploid introgression lines that can add commercial and agronomic value to tomato. In particular, screening of representative MDILs for drought tolerance at the vegetative stage identified MDIL 2 and MDIL 11III as drought tolerant based on visual scoring. A regulated increase in stomatal conductance of MDIL 2 under drought stress indicates better water use efficiency that allowed it to survive for 7 days under 0% moisture level.

scholarly journals Phenotypic Characterisation for Growth and Nut Characteristics Revealed the Extent of Genetic Diversity in Wild Macadamia Germplasm

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 680
Author(s):  
Thuy T. P. Mai ◽  
Craig M. Hardner ◽  
Mobashwer M. Alam ◽  
Robert J. Henry ◽  
Bruce L. Topp
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Conservation Strategies ◽  
Wild Germplasm ◽  
Phenotypic Characterisation ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Genetic And Environmental Factors ◽  
Positive Correlations ◽  
Wild Accessions

Macadamia is a recently domesticated Australian native nut crop, and a large proportion of its wild germplasm is unexploited. Aiming to explore the existing diversity, 247 wild accessions from four species and inter-specific hybrids were phenotyped. A wide range of variation was found in growth and nut traits. Broad-sense heritability of traits were moderate (0.43–0.64), which suggested that both genetic and environmental factors are equally important for the variability of the traits. Correlations among the growth traits were significantly positive (0.49–0.76). There were significant positive correlations among the nut traits except for kernel recovery. The association between kernel recovery and shell thickness was highly significant and negative. Principal component analysis of the traits separated representative species groups. Accessions from Macadamia integrifolia Maiden and Betche, M. tetraphylla L.A.S. Johnson, and admixtures were clustered into one group and those of M. ternifolia F. Muell were separated into another group. In both M. integrifolia and M. tetraphylla groups, variation within site was greater than across sites, which suggested that the conservation strategies should concentrate on increased sampling within sites to capture wide genetic diversity. This study provides a background on the utilisation of wild germplasm as a genetic resource to be used in breeding programs and the direction for gene pool conservation.

scholarly journals Evaluating Wild Germplasm Introgression into Autotetraploid Blueberry

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 614
Author(s):  
Diego Cabezas ◽  
Ivone de Bem Oliveira ◽  
Mia Acker ◽  
Paul Lyrene ◽  
Patricio R. Munoz
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Southeastern United States ◽  
Sandy Soils ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Germplasm Resources ◽  
Wild Germplasm ◽  
Pedigree Data ◽  
Vaccinium Elliottii

Wild germplasm can be classified as the raw material essential for crop improvement. Introgression of wild germplasm is normally used in breeding to increase crop quality or resilience to evolving biotic and abiotic threats. Here, we explore the potential of introgressing Vaccinium elliottii into commercial blueberry germplasm. Vaccinium elliottii is a wild diploid blueberry species endemic to the southeastern United States that possesses highly desirable and economically important traits for blueberry breeding such as: short bloom to ripe period, adaptation to upland sandy soils, disease resistance, firmness, and pleasant flavor. To examine the potential of hybridization, we evaluated populations of interspecific hybrids across multiple stages of breeding (i.e., F1, F2, and backcrosses) in two crop seasons. We used our extensive pedigree data to generate breeding values for pre-breeding blueberry hybrid populations. Hybrid performance was evaluated considering fitness (i.e., plant vigor and plant height) in addition to evaluating six fruit-quality and marketable-related traits (i.e., size, firmness, acidity, soluble solids, weight, and yield). Overall, F2 and backcrosses rapidly achieved market thresholds, presenting values not significantly different from commercial blueberry germplasm. Our results confirmed the potential of exploiting the high genetic variability contained in V. elliottii for interspecific hybridization. Additionally, we developed germplasm resources that can be further evaluated and utilized in the breeding process, advancing selections for fruit quality and environmental adaptation.

Wild Germplasm and Male Sterility

2009 ◽  
pp. 113-135
Author(s):  
Ting-Dong Fu ◽  
Shyam Prakash ◽  
S Bhat
Keyword(s):  
Male Sterility ◽  
Wild Germplasm

scholarly journals In vitro performance in cotton plants with different genetic backgrounds: the case of Gossypium hirsutum in Mexico, and its implications for germplasm conservation

PeerJ ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. e7017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alejandra Hernández-Terán ◽  
Ana Wegier ◽  
Mariana Benítez ◽  
Rafael Lira ◽  
Tania Gabriela Sosa Fuentes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gossypium Hirsutum ◽  
Biodiversity Conservation ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Germplasm Conservation ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Conservation Strategies ◽  
Wild Germplasm ◽  
Wild Cotton

One of the best ex situ conservation strategies for wild germplasm is in vitro conservation of genetic banks. The success of in vitro conservation relies heavily on the micropropagation or performance of the species of interest. In the context of global change, crop production challenges and climate change, we face a reality of intensified crop production strategies, including genetic engineering, which can negatively impact biodiversity conservation. However, the possible consequences of transgene presence for the in vitro performance of populations and its implications for biodiversity conservation are poorly documented. In this study we analyzed experimental evidence of the potential effects of transgene presence on the in vitro performance of Gossypium hirsutum L. populations, representing the Mexican genetic diversity of the species, and reflect on the implications of such presence for ex situ genetic conservation of the natural variation of the species. We followed an experimental in vitro performance approach, in which we included individuals from different wild cotton populations as well as individuals from domesticated populations, in order to differentiate the effects of domestication traits dragged into the wild germplasm pool via gene flow from the effects of transgene presence. We evaluated the in vitro performance of five traits related to plant establishment (N = 300): propagation rate, leaf production rate, height increase rate, microbial growth and root development. Then we conducted statistical tests (PERMANOVA, Wilcoxon post-hoc tests, and NMDS multivariate analyses) to evaluate the differences in the in vitro performance of the studied populations. Although direct causality of the transgenes to observed phenotypes requires strict control of genotypes, the overall results suggest detrimental consequences for the in vitro culture performance of wild cotton populations in the presence of transgenes. This provides experimental, statistically sound evidence to support the implementation of transgene screening of plants to reduce time and economic costs in in vitro establishment, thus contributing to the overarching goal of germplasm conservation for future adaptation.

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