scholarly journals Phenotypic Characterisation for Growth and Nut Characteristics Revealed the Extent of Genetic Diversity in Wild Macadamia Germplasm

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 680
Author(s):  
Thuy T. P. Mai ◽  
Craig M. Hardner ◽  
Mobashwer M. Alam ◽  
Robert J. Henry ◽  
Bruce L. Topp
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Conservation Strategies ◽  
Wild Germplasm ◽  
Phenotypic Characterisation ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Genetic And Environmental Factors ◽  
Positive Correlations ◽  
Wild Accessions

Macadamia is a recently domesticated Australian native nut crop, and a large proportion of its wild germplasm is unexploited. Aiming to explore the existing diversity, 247 wild accessions from four species and inter-specific hybrids were phenotyped. A wide range of variation was found in growth and nut traits. Broad-sense heritability of traits were moderate (0.43–0.64), which suggested that both genetic and environmental factors are equally important for the variability of the traits. Correlations among the growth traits were significantly positive (0.49–0.76). There were significant positive correlations among the nut traits except for kernel recovery. The association between kernel recovery and shell thickness was highly significant and negative. Principal component analysis of the traits separated representative species groups. Accessions from Macadamia integrifolia Maiden and Betche, M. tetraphylla L.A.S. Johnson, and admixtures were clustered into one group and those of M. ternifolia F. Muell were separated into another group. In both M. integrifolia and M. tetraphylla groups, variation within site was greater than across sites, which suggested that the conservation strategies should concentrate on increased sampling within sites to capture wide genetic diversity. This study provides a background on the utilisation of wild germplasm as a genetic resource to be used in breeding programs and the direction for gene pool conservation.

scholarly journals High-Throughput Genotype, Morphology, and Quality Traits Evaluation for the Assessment of Genetic Diversity of Wheat Landraces from Sicily

Plants ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fiore ◽  
Mercati ◽  
Spina ◽  
Blangiforti ◽  
Venora ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Extreme Environments ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Detailed Knowledge ◽  
Principal Coordinates Analysis ◽  
Principal Coordinates ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Wheat Landraces ◽  
Durum Wheat Landraces

During the XX Century, the widespread use of modern wheat cultivars drastically reduced the cultivation of ancient landraces, which nowadays are confined to niche cultivation areas. Several durum wheat landraces adapted to the extreme environments of the Mediterranean region, are still being cultivated in Sicily, Italy. Detailed knowledge of the genetic diversity of this germplasm could lay the basis for their efficient management in breeding programs, for a wide-range range of traits. The aim of the present study was to characterize a collection of durum wheat landraces from Sicily, using single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) markers, together with agro-morphological, phenological and quality-related traits. Two modern cv. Simeto, Claudio, and the hexaploid landrace, Cuccitta, were used as outgroups. Cluster analysis and Principal Coordinates Analysis (PCoA) allowed us to identify four main clusters across the analyzed germplasm, among which a cluster included only historical and modern varieties. Likewise, structure analysis was able to distinguish the ancient varieties from the others, grouping the entries in seven cryptic genetic clusters. Furthermore, a Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was able to separate the modern testers from the ancient germplasm. This approach was useful to classify and evaluate Sicilian ancient wheat germplasm, supporting their safeguard and providing a genetic fingerprint that is necessary for avoiding commercial frauds to sustaining the economic profits of farmers resorting to landraces cultivation.

scholarly journals Genotypic Variations in Plant Growth and Nutritional Elements of Perennial Ryegrass Accessions under Salinity Stress

2017 ◽  
Vol 142 (6) ◽  
pp. 476-483 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin Song ◽  
Suo-min Wang ◽  
Yiwei Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Salinity Stress ◽  
Salinity Tolerance ◽  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Water Concentration ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Salinity Treatment ◽  
C And N ◽  
Positive Correlations

Perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) is a popular cool-season and forage grass around the world. Salinity stress may cause nutrient disorders that influence the growth and physiology of perennial ryegrass. The objective of this study was to identify the genotypic variations in growth traits and nutrient elements in relation to salinity tolerance in perennial ryegrass. Eight accessions of perennial ryegrass [PI265351 (Chile), PI418707 (Romania), PI303012 (UK), PI303033 (The Netherlands), PI545593 (Turkey), PI577264 (UK), PI610927 (Tunisia), and PI632590 (Morocco)] were subjected to 0 (control, no salinity) and 300 mm NaCl for 10 d in a greenhouse. Across accessions, salinity stress decreased plant height (HT), leaf fresh weight (LFW), leaf dry weight (LDW), leaf water concentration (LWC), and concentration of N, C, Ca2+, Cu2+, K+, Mg2+, and K+/Na+ ratio and increased Na+ concentration. Negative correlations were found between C and Na+, whereas positive correlations of K+/Na+ with C and N were found under salinity treatment. The principal component analysis (PCA) showed that the first, second, and third principal components explained 40.2%, 24.9%, and 13.4% variations of all traits, respectively. Based on loading values from PCA analysis, LWC, Na+ concentration, and K+/Na+ ratio were chosen to evaluate salinity tolerance of accessions, and eight accessions were divided into the tolerant, moderate, and sensitive groups. The tolerant group had relatively higher LWC and K+/Na+ ratio and concentrations of C, P, and Fe2+ and lower Na+ concentrations than the other two groups, especially the sensitive groups. The result suggested that lower Na+ accumulation and higher K+/Na+ ratio and LWC were crucial strategies for achieving salinity tolerance of perennial ryegrass.

scholarly journals Abundance and Genetic Diversity ofnifHGene Sequences in Anthropogenically Affected Brazilian Mangrove Sediments

2012 ◽  
Vol 78 (22) ◽  
pp. 7960-7967 ◽  
Author(s):  
Armando Cavalcante Franco Dias ◽  
Michele de Cassia Pereira e Silva ◽  
Simone Raposo Cotta ◽  
Francisco Dini-Andreote ◽  
Fábio Lino Soares ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Gene Diversity ◽  
Conservation Strategies ◽  
Mangrove Sediment ◽  
Nitrogen Fixing ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Sulfate Reducing ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Gradient Gel Electrophoresis

ABSTRACTAlthough mangroves represent ecosystems of global importance, the genetic diversity and abundance of functional genes that are key to their functioning scarcely have been explored. Here, we present a survey based on thenifHgene across transects of sediments of two mangrove systems located along the coast line of São Paulo state (Brazil) which differed by degree of disturbance, i.e., an oil-spill-affected and an unaffected mangrove. The diazotrophic communities were assessed by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE), quantitative PCR (qPCR), and clone libraries. ThenifHgene abundance was similar across the two mangrove sediment systems, as evidenced by qPCR. However, thenifH-based PCR-DGGE profiles revealed clear differences between the mangroves. Moreover, shifts in thenifHgene diversities were noted along the land-sea transect within the previously oiled mangrove. ThenifHgene diversity depicted the presence of nitrogen-fixing bacteria affiliated with a wide range of taxa, encompassing members of theAlphaproteobacteria,Betaproteobacteria,Gammaproteobacteria,Firmicutes, and also a group of anaerobic sulfate-reducing bacteria. We also detected a unique mangrove-specific cluster of sequences denoted Mgv-nifH. Our results indicate that nitrogen-fixing bacterial guilds can be partially endemic to mangroves, and these communities are modulated by oil contamination, which has important implications for conservation strategies.

scholarly journals Morphological and Genetic Diversity Studies of Chrysichthys nigrodigitatus from the Cross River, Nigeria, Using Microsatellite Markers

2020 ◽  
pp. 42-52
Author(s):  
Chioma Adelieje ◽  
Edak Aniedi Uyoh ◽  
Valentine Otang Ntui ◽  
Daniel Ama-Abasi
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Conservation Strategies ◽  
Head Width ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
Cross River ◽  
Fish Samples ◽  
Diversity Studies ◽  
Two Populations

Morphometric and genetic diversity studies were carried out on Chrysichthys nigrodigitatus sampled from middle and lower Cross River. The aim was to provide information on variations between these two populations and also augment the limited information currently available on genetic diversity in this species. A total of 79 fish samples were used for the morphometric analysis out of which 30 were used for the genetic study. Genomic DNA was extracted from caudal fin using a modified cetyltrimethylammonium bromide method and amplified using microsatellite markers.Twenty-three morphological features were studied from each fish sample out of which 19 showed significant differences (P<0.05) between the two populations. Principal Component Analysis identified head length, head width, caudal peduncle depth, standard length, preventral distance, snout length and anal fin length as key contributors to variation. Genetic analyses indicated low variability in the populations studied as evidenced by low Shannon`s information index (mean of 0.944 – 1.034), and positive coefficients of inbreeding (FIS) across both populations suggesting the presence of greater homozygosity in this species. Gene flow of 3.507 was observed between the lower and middle Cross River indicating the possibility of free mating between the two populations. The low levels of genetic diversity call for urgent management and conservation strategies to ensure long term survival of the species.

Selection of promising genotypes of lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) by deciphering genetic diversity and trait association

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.K. Parihar ◽  
Sarvjeet Singh ◽  
R.K. Gill ◽  
R. Kumar ◽  
A.K. Parihar
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Correlation Estimation ◽  
Plot Yield ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Cluster Distance ◽  
Biomass Plant

A panel of fifty diverse genotypes of lentil were evaluated to assess the genetic diversity for 11 morpho-physiological attributes. The results revealed wide range of variability among the genotypes for the examined characteristics. The mean performance demonstrated that the best genotype for more than one trait viz., plot yield, yield/plant, Leaf Area Index (LAI), Crop Growth Rate (CGR), biomass and plant height was LL1384. Traits association approximation witnessed a positive and significant relationship of seed yield with most of the studied traits. Cluster analysis distributed genotypes into seven distinct clusters. Cluster III happened to be the largest comprising of 20 genotypes, followed by Cluster VII comprising of 9 genotypes. The maximum inter-cluster distance was perceived between clusters II and IV which suggests the possibility of high heterotic effect if cross will be made between the individuals of these clusters. The principal component analysis developed 11 Eigen vectors and, of these three principal components had explained about 82.50% of variations. The characters that had the highest weight in component first were plot yield, yield/plant, pods/plant, CGR, biomass/plant, LAI and plant height, which explained 57.03% of the total variance. The biplot results were in accordance with correlation estimation, indicating that indirect selection based on component traits would help in improving the seed yield in lentil. Hybridization among genetically diverse genotypes of different clusters would be helpful in broadening the genetic base as well as in the creation of desirable recombinants for developing new improved lentil varieties.

scholarly journals Microsatellite Markers Reveal Genetic Diversity and Relationships within a Melon Collection Mainly Comprising Asian Cultivated and Wild Germplasms

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianbin Hu ◽  
Luyin Gao ◽  
Yanbin Xu ◽  
Qiong Li ◽  
Huayu Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Microsatellite Markers ◽  
South Asian ◽  
Cucumis Melo ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Morphological Variability ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Wild Accession ◽  
Wild Accessions ◽  
F Statistics

Melon, Cucumis melo L., is an important horticultural crop with abundant morphological variability, but the genetic diversity and relationships within wild and cultivated melons remain unclear to date. In this study, thick-skinned (TC) (cultivated subspecies melo), thin-skinned (TN) (cultivated subspecies agrestis), and wild accessions were analyzed for genetic diversity and relationships using 36 microsatellite markers. A total of 314 alleles were detected with a mean allelic number of 8.72 and polymorphism information content of 0.67. Cluster analysis of the accessions resulted in four distinct clusters (I, II, III, and IV) broadly matching with the TC, TN, and wild groups. Cluster I contained only two Indian wild accessions. Cluster II was consisted of 49 South Asian accessions, 34 wild accessions, and 15 TN accessions. Cluster III was a typical TC group including 51 multiorigin TC accessions and one wild accession. The remaining 88 accessions, including 75 TN accessions, 6 wild accessions, and 7 TC accessions, formed the cluster IV, and all the TN and wild accessions in this cluster were from China. These findings were also confirmed by Principal component analysis and STRUCTURE analysis. The South Asian subspecies agrestis accessions, wild and cultivated, had close genetic relationships with a distinctive genetic background. Chinese wild melons showed closeness to cultivated subspecies agrestis landraces and could be a return from the indigenous cultivated melons. The AMOVA and pairwise F statistics (FST) presented genetic differentiation among the three groups, with the strongest differentiation (FST = 0.380) between TC and TN melons. These results offer overall information on genetic diversity and affiliations within a variety of melon germplasms and favor efficient organization and utilization of these resources for the current breeding purpose.

scholarly journals Genetic diversity by ISSR of two endemic quillworts (Isoetes L.) species from Amazon Iron Rocky Outcrops, Isoetes cangae e I. serracarajensis

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirella Pupo Santos ◽  
João Victor da Silva Rabelo Araújo ◽  
Arthur Vinícius de Sant’anna Lopes ◽  
Julio Cesar Fiorio Vettorazzi ◽  
Rodrigo Nunes da Fonseca ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Species Conservation ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Shannon Index ◽  
Conservation Strategies ◽  
Amazon Forest ◽  
The North ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
High Level ◽  
Issr Molecular Markers

AbstractTwo lycophytes endemic species have been recently described at the State of Pará, in the Amazon forest located in the North of Brazil. Genetic diversity and population structure of Isoetes cangae and I. serracarajensis were investigated through ISSR molecular markers. These analyses aim to establish strategies for future attempts for species conservation. From sixteen primers, 115 gel bands were identified from which 87% were polymorphic. A high level of polymorphic loci (81,74 % e 68,48 %) and a high Shannon index for intra populational genetic diversity was observed for each species (Sh=0.376 e 0.289) I. cangae and I. serracarajensis, respectively. The largest genetic diversity of both species relies in their own populations. The coefficient of genetic differentiation between population areas (GST) was higher in I. serracarajensis (0.5440) than in I. cangae (0.2250). Gene flow was high between I. cangae populations (1.7142) and very low in I. serracarajensis (0.4190). Principal Component Analysis (PCoA) showed that individual plants were allocated into species-specific and population groups. Overall, the results further show that I. serracarajensis (0.5440) and I. cangae are two species with considerable genetic variation. These results should be considered for effective conservation strategies of both species.

scholarly journals A Chemometry of Aldrovanda vesiculosa L. (Waterwheel, Droseraceae) Populations

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 72
Author(s):  
Bartosz J. Płachno ◽  
Maciej Strzemski ◽  
Sławomir Dresler ◽  
Lubomír Adamec ◽  
Kamila Wojas-Krawczyk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Aquatic Plant ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Analysis Data ◽  
Extant Species ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Geographical Distances ◽  
Nw Australia ◽  
Chemometric Tools

The genus Aldrovanda is a Palaeogene element containing a single extant species, Aldrovanda vesiculosa L. This aquatic carnivorous herb has a very wide range of distribution, natively covering four continents; however, it is a critically endangered aquatic plant species worldwide. Previous studies revealed that A. vesiculosa had an extremely low genetic variation. The main aim of the present paper is to explore, using chemometric tools, the diversity of 16 A. vesiculosa populations from various sites from four continents (Eurasia, Africa, Australia). Using chemometric data as markers for genetic diversity, we show the relationships of 16 A. vesiculosa populations from various sites, including four continents. Phytochemical markers allowed the identification of five well-supported (bootstrap > 90%) groups among the 16 populations sampled. The principal component analysis data support the idea that the strongly related African (Botswana) and Australian (Kimberley, NT, NW Australia) populations are the most distant ones, separated from the European and Asian ones. However, considering the five Australian populations sampled, three are nested within the Eurasian group. The chemometric data are correlated positively with the geographical distances between the samples, which suggests a tendency toward isolation for the most distant populations.

Agro morphological diversity of Yams (Dioscorea spp.) Landraces from Southwest Ethiopia assessed through quantitative and qualitative traits

2021 ◽  
pp. 63-72
Author(s):  
Tewodros Mulualem ◽  
Firew Mekbib ◽  
Shimelis Hussein ◽  
Endale Gebre
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Principal Components ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Conservation Strategies ◽  
Group Method ◽  
World Knowledge ◽  
Qualitative Traits ◽  
Lattice Design

Yams (Dioscorea spp.) are an important crop widely cultivated for food, feed and medicine in different areas of the world. Knowledge on genetic diversity among yam landraces is essential for breeding and conservation strategies. The objective of this study was to assess the level of genetic diversity present among yam landraces using morphological traits. Thirty-six yam landraces were phenotyped at at Jimma Agricultural Research Center during 2015/16 growing season. The experiment was laid out in 6x6 simple lattice design with two replications. Data were collected on nine quantitative and ten qualitative traits, and subjected to hierarchal cluster, correlation and principal component analyses. A dendrogram was constructed using the unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean. Tuber fresh weight showed a positive and significant association with tuber length and tuber diameter. The principal component analysis revealed five important principal components that accounted for 56.9% of the total variation observed among landraces. Principal components 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5, respectively, correlated with leaf length, leaf width and vine length A dendrogram revealed three main clusters of landraces. The most diverse landraces identified were 27/02, 21/02, 06/2000 and 68/02, which are useful for breeding and conservation. The diversity observed among the yam landraces could be useful in improvement of yams for various traits.

scholarly journals Genome-wide insights of Ethiopian indigenous sheep populations reveal the population structure related to tail morphology and phylogeography

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 (10) ◽  
pp. 1169-1178
Author(s):  
Agraw Amane ◽  
Gurja Belay ◽  
Yao Nasser ◽  
Martina Kyalo ◽  
Tadelle Dessie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Population Structure ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Genetic Research ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Conservation Strategies ◽  
Genetic Cluster ◽  
Sheep Population ◽  
Indigenous Sheep ◽  
Genome Wide

Abstract Background Ethiopian sheep living in different climatic zones and having contrasting morphologies are a most promising subject of molecular-genetic research. Elucidating their genetic diversity and genetic structure is critical for designing appropriate breeding and conservation strategies. Objective The study was aimed to investigate genome-wide genetic diversity and population structure of eight Ethiopian sheep populations. Methods A total of 115 blood samples were collected from four Ethiopian sheep populations that include Washera, Farta and Wollo (short fat-tailed) and Horro (long fat-tailed). DNA was extracted using Quick-DNA™ Miniprep plus kit. All DNA samples were genotyped using Ovine 50 K SNP BeadChip. To infer genetic relationships of Ethiopian sheep at national, continental and global levels, genotype data on four Ethiopian sheep (Adilo, Arsi-Bale, Menz and Black Head Somali) and sheep from east, north, and south Africa, Middle East and Asia were included in the study as reference. Results Mean genetic diversity of Ethiopian sheep populations ranged from 0.352 ± 0.14 for Horro to 0.379 ± 0.14 for Arsi-Bale sheep. Population structure and principal component analyses of the eight Ethiopian indigenous sheep revealed four distinct genetic cluster groups according to their tail phenotype and geographical distribution. The short fat-tailed sheep did not represent one genetic cluster group. Ethiopian fat-rump sheep share a common genetic background with the Kenyan fat-tailed sheep. Conclusion The results of the present study revealed the principal component and population structure follows a clear pattern of tail morphology and phylogeography. There is clear signature of admixture among the study Ethiopian sheep populations

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document