The iterative process of decision-making

2022 ◽  
pp. 121-135
Author(s):  
Sam Riedijk ◽  
Frederike Dekkers ◽  
Lara Ras ◽  
Jane Fisher ◽  
Eva Pajkrt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Iterative Process

scholarly journals Wuzzit Trouble: The Influence of a Digital Math Game on Student Number Sense

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Holly Pope ◽  
Charmaine Mangram
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Iterative Process ◽  
Number Sense ◽  
The Other ◽  
Third Grade Students ◽  
Student Number ◽  
Mathematical Proficiency ◽  
Comparison Groups ◽  
Math Game ◽  
Post Assessment

This study sought to determine if playing a digital math game could increase student number sense (mathematical proficiency in numeracy). We used a pre- and post-assessment to measure the number sense of two groups of third grade students with the same mathematics teacher. One group played the game Wuzzit Trouble and the other did not. Overall, the group who played Wuzzit Trouble showed a significant increase in number sense between the pre- and post-assessment, compared to the other group who did not. A qualitative analysis of a novel problem revealed differences between the treatment and comparison groups from pre- to post-. A discussion of these findings and features of the game are addressed. Namely, two features inherent in Wuzzit Trouble are associated with the learners’ increased number sense. First, Wuzzit Trouble promoted mathematical proficiency by requiring learners to attend to several mathematical constraints at once. Second, the game engaged learners in an iterative process of decision-making by calling for students to try, check, and revise their strategy as they played.

scholarly journals P017: When the rules hit the road: how emergency physicians make decisions in the era of the Clinical Decision Rules

CJEM ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (S1) ◽  
pp. S62-S63
Author(s):  
T. M. Chan ◽  
M. Mercuri ◽  
K. de Wit
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Iterative Process ◽  
Decision Rules ◽  
Clinical Decision ◽  
Leg Pain ◽  
Diagnostic Process ◽  
Think Aloud ◽  
Emergency Physicians ◽  
Clinical Decision Rules ◽  
Diagnostic Uncertainty

Introduction: The diagnostic process is wrought with potential sources of error. Psychologists seek to coach physicians to refine their cognition. Researchers try to create cognitive scaffolds to guide decision-making. Physicians however, are caught in middle between their own daily cognitive processes and these external theories that might influence their behaviour. Few attempts have been made to understand how experienced clinicians integrate guidelines or clinical decision rules (CDRs) into their decision-making. We sought to explore experienced clinicians decision-making via a simulated exercise, to develop a model of how physicians integrate CDRs into their diagnostic thinking. Methods: From July 2015-March 2016, 16 practicing emergency physicians (EPs) were interviewed via a think aloud protocol study. Six cases were constructed and video recorded as prompts to spur the clinicians to think aloud and describe their approach to the cases. Cases were designed to be slightly suggestive for pulmonary embolism or deep vein thrombosis, since these conditions are associated with CDRs. Using a constructivist grounded theory analysis, three investigators independently reviewed the transcripts from the interviews, meeting regularly to discuss emergent themes and subthemes until sufficiency was reached. Disagreements about themes were resolved by discussion and consensus. Results: Our analysis suggests that physicians engage in an iterative process when they are faced with undifferentiated chest pain and leg pain cases. After generating an original differential diagnosis, EPs engage in an iterative diagnostic process. They flip between hypothesis-driven data collection (e.g. history, physical exam, tests) and analysis of this data, and use this process to weigh probabilities of various diagnoses. EPs only apply CDRs once they are sufficiently suspicious of a diagnosis requiring guidance from a CDR and when they experience diagnostic uncertainty or wish to bolster their decision with evidence. Conclusion: EP cognition around diagnosis is a dynamic and iterative process, and may only peripherally integrate relevant CDRs if a threshold level of suspicion is met. Our findings may be useful for improving knowledge translation of CDRs and prevent diagnostic error.

Relaxation Criteria for Iterated Traffic Simulations

1998 ◽  
Vol 09 (01) ◽  
pp. 113-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Terence Kelly ◽  
Kai Nagel
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Real World ◽  
Iterative Process ◽  
Route Choices ◽  
Traffic Simulations

Iterative transportation microsimulations adjust traveler route plans by iterating between a microsimulation and a route planner. At each iteration, the route planner adjusts individuals' route choices based on the preceding microsimulations. Empirically, this process yields good results, but it is usually unclear when to stop the iterative process when modeling real-world traffic. This paper investigates several criteria to judge relaxation of the iterative process, emphasizing criteria related to traveler decision-making.

Research and Evaluation

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris Newbold
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Iterative Process ◽  
Research Process ◽  
Online Resources ◽  
Informed Decision Making ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Audience Development ◽  
The Right

In this chapter we will demonstrate that research is at the heart of good festival management. Good festival management involves informed decision making, and research methodologies support this at all levels from planning and programming, through the marketing and the running of the festival, to event evaluation and audience development. Research is a key element of the iterative process through which festivals develop year on year via experience and feedback, not only from audiences, but also from artists, staff and volunteers; this information then feeds into the successful planning of the next event and so on and so forth. The aims of this chapter are to introduce the research process as a whole, give advice and encouragement, discuss the key considerations in carrying out successful research, and identify and describe the main research methods that managers will encounter in running and evaluating their festival. Whilst we will focus on the most often used methodologies of questionnaires, interviews, focus groups and observation, we will also offer some other complementary approaches and discuss the use of digital and online resources in festival research. Carrying out research is all about making the right decisions. Each method has its advantages and disadvantages, and research can be time-consuming and expensive; this chapter will help you to make the right decisions about the methodologies and their use. Successful research is all about juggling a number of key factors such as cost, time, sample size, response rates and reliability. Research does not have to be either costly or time consuming – indeed a great deal of what festival managers already do could be considered as research, and this chapter will help them sharpen up some of those practices.

scholarly journals Preference Elicitation and Explanation in Iterative Planning

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lindsay Sanneman
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Iterative Process ◽  
Preference Elicitation ◽  
Planning System ◽  
Planning Problem ◽  
Common Language ◽  
Distributed Information ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
Mixed Initiative ◽  
The Ideal

Planning for complex scenarios, particularly in which large teams of humans with distributed expertise and varying preferences share a set of resources, poses a number of challenges including integrating distributed information and accounting for context-dependent preferences and constraints. We see three key pieces to solving the problem of introducing autonomous assistance through a mixed-initiative planning system in these scenarios: preference elicitation, integrating preferences into planning, and providing tailored explanations back to the humans in the loop. The process of preference elicitation, planning, and explanation can be integrated as an iterative process by which teams can efficiently converge on the ideal schedule. Linear Temporal Logic (LTL) is a common language, readily understandable by both planners and humans, that provides a natural link between the three components of the iterative planning problem, facilitating both elicitation of expressive preferences and intelligible explanations of the system's decision-making processes. Outputs of each of the preference elicitation, planning, and explanation pieces can be expressed as LTL specifications and used as inputs to each next step in the process. We propose to explore preference elicitation, planning, and explanation using LTL specifications and the integration of these pieces into an iterative process.

scholarly journals Challenges in the Development of e-Quit worRx: An iPad App for Smoking Cessation Counseling and Shared Decision Making in Primary Care (Preprint)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles R Doarn ◽  
Mary Beth Vonder Meulen ◽  
Harini Pallerla ◽  
Shauna P Acquavita ◽  
Saundra Regan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Shared Decision Making ◽  
Subject Matter ◽  
Iterative Process ◽  
The United States ◽  
Mobile App ◽  
Shared Decision ◽  
Subject Matter Experts

BACKGROUND Smoking is the leading preventable cause of morbidity and mortality in the United States, killing more than 450,000 Americans. Primary care physicians (PCPs) have a unique opportunity to discuss smoking cessation evidence in a way that enhances patient-initiated change and quit attempts. Patients today are better equipped with technology such as mobile devices than ever before. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate the challenges in developing a tablet-based, evidence-based smoking cessation app to optimize interaction for shared decision making between PCPs and their patients who smoke. METHODS A group of interprofessional experts developed content and a graphical user interface for the decision aid and reviewed these with several focus groups to determine acceptability and usability in a small population. RESULTS Using a storyboard methodology and subject matter experts, a mobile app, e-Quit worRx, was developed through an iterative process. This iterative process helped finalize the content and ergonomics of the app and provided valuable feedback from both patients and provider teams. Once the app was made available, other technical and programmatic challenges arose. CONCLUSIONS Subject matter experts, although generally amenable to one another’s disciplines, are often challenged with effective interactions, including language, scope, clinical understanding, technology awareness, and expectations. The successful development of this app and its evaluation in a clinical setting highlighted those challenges and reinforced the need for effective communications and team building.

scholarly journals Knowledge Discovery of Closed Frequent Calling Patterns in a Telecommunication Database

10.28945/2938 ◽  
2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saidat Adebukola Ibrahim ◽  
Olusegun Folorunso ◽  
Olutayo Bamisele Ajayi
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Knowledge Discovery ◽  
Iterative Process ◽  
Telecommunication Network ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Frequent Patterns ◽  
Pattern Growth ◽  
Growth Method ◽  
Calling Patterns

A telecommunication network produces daily large amounts of calling data which contain hidden and valuable knowledge. This knowledge can be used in determining the calling patterns of customer, finding too thrifty customers, also for locating the best area to concentrate on in order to boost profits. In this paper, we designed an algorithm named CLOTELE which is based on the ideas of the pattern-growth method of mining, for mining closed frequent calling patterns of a telecommunication database from a telecommunication provider. First, by observing the features of the database and then extracting the attributes needed to be mined. Then, we merge the items to form an itemset, the algorithm is now applied to the transformed database. CLOTELE is built on the basis of viewing knowledge discovery as an interactive and iterative process in order to optimize decision making. The quality of the knowledge discovered is evaluated. The experimental results show the knowledge of closed frequent patterns obtained is very useful and easy to interpret by the network operators and administrators.

scholarly journals AN INTERPRETATION OF THE AHP EIGENVECTOR SOLUTION FOR THE LAY PERSON

2010 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Stan Lipovetsky
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Linear Algebra ◽  
Iterative Process ◽  
Pairwise Comparison ◽  
Forthcoming Paper ◽  
Pairwise Comparison Matrix ◽  
Priority Vector ◽  
Comparison Matrix ◽  
Judgment Matrix

<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">An AHP priority vector represents the importance, preference, or likelihood of its elements with respect to a certain property or criterion and here we examine how that priority vector can be derived through an iterative process applied to the pairwise comparison matrix. Further, we show that the vector obtained in this way satisfies the definition for an eigenvector of the original judgment matrix. Practical managers using AHP in decision making would most likely be better able to appreciate this approach than they would a process phrased in the language of linear algebra. The overall priority vector for the alternatives in a hierarchy and, further, in a network, can be obtained in the same way by applying the iterative process to the supermatrix of the ANP. This claim is examined in depth in a forthcoming paper that will appear in this journal.</p><p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">http://dx.doi.org/10.13033/ijahp.v2i2.42</p>

Debiasing Decision Makers Through Knowledge Management

2011 ◽  
pp. 134-147
Author(s):  
Meliha Handzic
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Iterative Process ◽  
Decision Problem ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Design Activities ◽  
New Challenges ◽  
Fierce Competition ◽  
Identification Phase

The need to improve decision making is a longstanding concern in decision support research. As the accelerated technological development and fierce competition coming from global sources are becoming more apparent in the new 21st century, enhanced decision-making capabilities are required more than ever before to enable organisations to meet the new challenges. Decision making can be viewed as a dynamic and iterative process comprising: (1) identification phase, which involves decision problem recognition and diagnosis activities; (2) development phase, which concerns search and design activities; and (3) selection phase, which comprises screening, evaluation, and authorisation activities (Mintzberg et al., 1976). The quality of the subsequent decisions will depend on the nature of the preceding diagnostic, design, and selection activities.

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